高炉炉缸活性的分析探讨

高炉安全长寿、降低高炉能源消耗成为现代高炉技术发展的主要方向,而其关键在于提高高炉炉缸活性.在介绍高炉炉缸活性变差特征的基础上,从高炉上部调剂、下部调剂、渣铁物性、高炉原燃料性能等方面,就如何提高高炉炉缸活性进行了分析和探讨.     

我国高炉工艺设计的技术进步

对我国高炉工艺设计的技术进步进行了阐述,认为在高炉大型化、高富氧高风温大喷煤、高效长寿高炉技术、高风温热风炉、高炉煤气干式布袋除尘、高炉煤气压力能回收、高炉设备和耐火材料国产化等方面取得了长足的发展,并指出了我国高炉生产面临的问题.     

高炉装备长周期稳定生产实践

联合特钢通过高炉关键装备的技术改进,延长了高炉装备的使用寿命,高炉设备的检修周期由60～90 d延长至180～270 d;建立高炉长周期低休风率管控技术,高炉休风率降低至0.5%,实现了高炉的长周期低休风率运行;建立完善的设备运行管理制度,落实高炉全设备一体化管控制度,提高了高炉系统的稳定性,实现了高炉生产的低耗、多产、高效、长寿的目标。     

关于高炉炉缸长寿的关键问题解析

 高炉长寿化是大型高炉发展的必然趋势,实现高炉长寿的关键在于弄清高炉侵蚀的根本原因。从高炉炉缸侵蚀机理、高炉炉缸象脚型侵蚀原因、高炉炉缸圆周方向侵蚀不均匀性、高炉冷却强度与冷却效率以及高炉炉缸维护技术等5个方面探讨了高炉长寿存在的共性问题,指出高炉炉缸炭砖损毁的本质是碳不饱和铁水对炭砖的溶蚀。具体结果表明,首先,高炉炉缸象脚型侵蚀最严重部位位于高炉炉缸死料柱的根部位置;其次,阐明了直接导致高炉存在不均匀侵蚀的主要原因在于冷却系统的冷却水量和送风系统的风量在高炉周向方向分配不均匀;然后,阐明了冷却系统的作用本质是降低耐火材料热面温度,并提出了高炉冷却强度指数及高炉冷却效率指数;最后,分析了采用无钛矿护炉和钛矿护炉两种模式的高炉炉缸维护技术。     

炼铁厂高炉供水及水质稳定的探讨

介绍了唐钢炼铁厂高炉安全供水、高炉水冷却、高炉水水质稳定工艺,重点阐述了高炉正常供水和事故供水系统的改造,改造后满足了高炉生产要求。     

高炉系统氯元素研究进展及未来展望

 为明晰高炉中的氯元素对干法除尘高炉冶炼过程的影响,综述了高炉入炉料中氯元素的赋存状态、行为以及所带来的危害。进一步采用离子色谱法研究了国丰1号1 780 m3干法除尘高炉氯元素的来源, 焦炭和喷吹煤粉带入高炉中氯所占入炉料带入高炉中氯总量的比例分别为45.4 %和29.48 %, 而宝钢、唐钢和迁钢的3座干法除尘高炉中氯的来源主要是烧结矿,其比例分别为47.12 %、43.59%和44.89%,这主要与高炉入炉料种类、用量以及氯元素质量分数的不同有关,所以在对待高炉氯元素来源问题上应该具体高炉具体分析。通过热力学分析得出高炉入炉料中的氯化物在高炉内主要生成HCl,基于对高炉系统氯元素的研究,提出了高炉的降氯措施,并展望了高炉系统氯元素的未来研究方向。     

武钢高炉燃料比波动的影响因素

针对武钢高炉在同一段时期内不同高炉燃料比差异很大的情况,重点从焦炭质量、烧结矿质量、高炉炉身热效率、碱金属及锌危害、铁钢不平衡等方面,探讨了造成高炉燃料比波动的原因。认为,焦炭水分的大幅上升期间,能造成高炉燃料比增加10～15kg/t。另外,与8号高炉相比,4、5号高炉燃料比明显偏高,其原因一是4、5号高炉的炉身热效率明显要低于8号高炉,二是4、5号高炉原料中的碱金属偏高,尤其锌负荷长期在0.4kg/t以上。     

炼铁厂高炉供水问题及改造探讨

阐述了唐钢炼铁厂高炉安全供水、高炉水冷却、高炉水水质稳定问题,重点介绍了高炉正常供水和事故供水补水系统的改造,改造后满足了高炉生产。     

首钢长钢8号高炉长寿生产实践

高炉长寿是一项系统工程,仅靠任何单一技术无法实现高炉长寿目标,必须统筹考虑高炉设计、砌筑、维护及操作等各个环节。首钢长钢8号高炉第二代炉龄在加强高炉长寿方面通过建立完善的监控设施、推行高炉长寿体检管控模式、建立数据化研判机制、推行护炉措施、控制边缘气流、在线更换冷却壁、炉衬喷补以及精细化高炉操作等措施,实现了高炉稳定顺行,单位炉容产铁量10 640 t/m³,达到长寿高炉标准。     

本钢炼铁生产发展的变迁

本钢是拥有百余年发展历史的老企业,本溪1949年解放后,2号高炉、1号高炉相继修复竣工投产;1956年,3号高炉恢复生产;1957年,4号高炉恢复生产;1972年,5号高炉建成投产;2004年,6号高炉建成投产;2005年,7号高炉建成投产;2008年10月,东北地区高炉王、容积为4747m^3的新1号高炉竣工投产,标志着本钢炼铁生产历史性地跨入千万吨级行列。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.