储能式余热回收技术在钽铌湿法冶炼中的应用

钽铌湿法冶炼生产钽铌氧化物过程中,钽铌氢氧化物调洗工序会产生大量高氨氮碱性废水,目前多数冶炼厂采用汽提脱氨塔处理碱性废水,处理后的合格废水温度一般大于70℃;钽铌氢氧化物煅烧工序会产生大量高温废烟气。本文介绍的储能式余热回收技术利用板式换热器回收废水中余热,利用烟气换热器回收废烟气中余热。在钽铌湿法冶炼中将两种换热方式进行组合,能实现回收余热并产生高于70℃的热纯水,有效节约能源。     

酸性重金属废水的联合处理试验研究

采用硫化沉淀法将酸性重金属废水中的铜进行沉淀回收,处理后废水用氧化钙中和后产生的中和渣和中和液进入选矿系统。试验结果表明:采用硫化沉淀法可以回收高品位的铜,回收率较高;与自来水进行选矿试验相比,中和处理产生的中和渣和中和液进入选矿流程同样可获得良好的选矿指标,二者基本相同。该工艺可利用现有的选矿设备实现酸性重金属废水的资源化治理。     

临钢钢铁渣资源化综合利用现状与发展方向

临钢在主体生产200 万t钢的同时，每年产生约70万t钢铁渣，除部分返回生产系统利用外，大都需回收处理和综合利用。从分析废弃物资源综合利用与可持续发展和循环经济的关系人手，介绍了临钢钢铁渣排放处置和资源化综合利用的现状，并探讨了其资源化综合利用的定位和发展方向。     

从废钨渣中酸法回收钽铌的研究

阐述了从废钨渣中酸法回收铌钽的新工艺,采用稀酸脱硅-浓酸脱铁、锰-HF酸浸出-蒸发浓缩工艺,可处理氧化钽和氧化铌含量分别为0.14%和0.59%的钨渣。通过实验确定了最佳的处理条件,在最优条件下可得到含氧化钽8.0 g/L和氧化铌35.4 g/L的HF酸溶液,该溶液可直接用于工业生产,钽和铌的回收率达到80%以上。该工艺既可实现钨渣中钽、铌、硅等资源的回收利用,又可减轻大量钨渣堆存引起的环境污染问题。     

铜渣资源化利用现况及高效化利用探讨

2013年我国铜渣产生量约1 500万t,堆存量在5 000万t以上,铜渣的资源化利用十分迫切。铜渣主要物料的应用是铜渣资源化利用的关键,以往研究多关注于有价金属的提取。目前,选矿法提取铜渣中有价金属的应用较为普遍,但缺乏尾渣处理的工业化技术,大部分尾渣丢弃,资源利用水平有待于提高。本研究将铜渣视为含有铜铁金属、高氧化硅无机材料且富含高热值的资源,对铜渣的高效化利用进行探讨,提出了新的思路,以推动铜渣的资源化利用。     

污酸废水资源化处理新工艺

有色冶炼烟气制酸一般使用湿法烟气净化工艺,烟气净化过程中会产生大量含重金属的污酸废水。针对传统污酸处理工艺的不足,提出了氧化—中和、硫化、置换三步反应处理的新工艺。在实现废水达标排放的前提下,显著减少了药剂的使用量,同时使砷渣、重金属渣、石膏渣得到了有效的分离,实现了重金属渣的资源化和危废渣的减量化。     

含钽铌废渣中钽铌资源的综合回收工艺研究

对从含钽铌废渣中综合回收钽、铌的新工艺进行了研究。开发了低碱分解-水浸、稀酸预处理、氢氟酸转型浸出的湿法冶金工艺路线,通过实验确定了最佳工艺条件。其中低碱分解-水浸工艺条件为:碱渣质量比0.6∶1.0、反应温度800℃、反应时间1 h,添加剂Na Cl添加量为渣量的12%,水浸温度90℃,液固比6∶1,时间0.5 h。低碱分解过程中钽和铌的转化率分别为92.3%和98.2%。稀酸预处理后大部分杂质被脱除,钽、铌相对于原渣富集近5倍。转型浸出工艺条件为:硫酸用量为渣量的0.8倍,氢氟酸用量为渣量的0.6倍,反应温度为90℃,液固比为5∶1,反应时间为4 h,钽和铌的浸出率分别为99.80%和99.86%,终渣中钽和铌含量分别降至0.03%和0.01%。在最优条件下可得到含Ta2O59.50 g·L-1和Nb2O52.86 g·L-1的酸浸出液,可直接与现行工业生产中的钽铌萃取分离工艺衔接。全流程钽和铌回收率分别可达98.37%和99.15%。该工艺流程简单,操作条件温和,生产成本较低,具有显著的社会和经济效益。     

临钢钢铁渣资源化综合利用现状与发展方向

临钢在主体生产200 万t钢的同时,每年产生约70万t钢铁渣,除部分返回生产系统利用外,大都需回收处理和综合利用。从分析废弃物资源综合利用与可持续发展和循环经济的关系人手,介绍了临钢钢铁渣排放处置和资源化综合利用的现状,并探讨了其资源化综合利用的定位和发展方向。     

钨冶炼渣综合回收利用的研究进展

综述了钨冶炼渣中有用金属回收利用现状与研究进展,介绍了黑钨和白钨的冶炼工艺、钨、锡、钽、铌、钪回收工艺与理论、钨冶炼渣的减量化处理研究进展.重选和浮选工艺可回收钨锡,得到钨锡精矿后再进行冶炼,选矿工艺流程简单易工业生产且成本低,但适应性较差,对于较细物料无法有效回收,湿法冶金工艺可回收钨、锡、钽、铌、钪,适应性强但流程复杂,酸碱废水对环境影响大;钨冶炼渣减量化是综合利用的根本要求,目前主要用来制做水泥辅料、建筑胶砂、多孔材料、微晶玻璃等,介绍了目前减量化处理的研究现状.最后提出了问题与建议,钪钽铌稀有金属提取工艺的进步依赖萃取剂和离子交换树脂的发展,可利用材料领域内第一性原理和化学配位理论,研发选择性强的萃取剂和交换容量大的离子交换树脂,解决萃取剂选择性差、离子交换树脂交换容量小、废水量大的问题,从原子层面研究出相互作用机理,最终筛选出高效萃取剂及离子交换树脂.指出选冶联合工艺,开发短流程绿色提取技术、冶炼渣高附加值材料研制技术可能是今后研究的重点.      

含氟高炉渣中氧化钽和氧化铌的还原动力学研究

含氟炉渣的碱度对氧化铌和氧化钽的还原速度无明显影响,但渣中之氟化钙量则对其影响甚大。在反应初期硅-铌(钽)反应尚未达到平衡时,氧化铌(钽)还原反应的速度受渣中氧化铌(钽)传质速度的控制,在不进行搅拌的情况下,反应符合二级反应规律。在搅拌情况下,为一级反应。当硅-铌(钽)平衡达到后,氧化铌(钽)还原反应速度受氧化硅还原速度控制。渣铁中钽的测定是应用放射性同位素~(182)Ta完成的。     

废旧高温合金中钽回收工艺的研究

采用氧化酸浸—碱烧—水浸工艺处理某废旧高温合金粉末得到钽、铌、锆富集渣,然后经"分步浸出—萃取分离—离子交换除杂—氢氧化钠沉淀"制取五氧化二钽。结果表明,回收提纯的五氧化二钽可达到YS/T427-2000国标要求。     

昆钢集团转炉钢渣资源综合利用技术应用研究

根据昆钢转炉钢渣人工矿物性质和金属铁及磁性铁嵌布特性,研发了以+70 mm大块梯级分选选铁(梯级破碎-筛选-磁选)、-70 mm分级干式磁选抛尾、干式磁选粗精矿再湿式细磨梯级分选(湿式球磨-梯级筛选金属铁-磁选磁性铁)的新工艺,具有工艺流程简单、处理量大和处理成本低、金属铁和磁性氧化铁品位和回收率高和易于分级利用的优点。同时,通过工业化生产实施建立了60万t/a转炉钢渣磁选厂,年产铁块和铁精矿6.44×104t以上,磁选尾渣用于制作水泥和免烧砖等,废水闭路循环利用。     

Influence of alloying elements and metalloids on the emulsion and separation behaviour of steel and slag

With the aid of surface and interfacial tension data it has been possible to clarify the effect of the elements nickel, titanium and sulphur in steel and titanium oxide and sulphur in slag on the emulsifying or separating tendencies of liquid steel/molten slag phases. This has been related to the tendency of (scattered) liquid steel films to adhere to gas bubbles crossing the interface, which in turn leads to the formation of metal droplets in the slag phase. Nickel containing steels tend to form emulsions, whereas titanium, both dissolved in the steel and as titanium oxide in the slag, tends to suppress adherence of the steel to the bubbles and promotes steel/slag separation. Sulphur containing steels show also an emulsifying tendency in contact with both sulphur containing and sulphur free slags. With sulphur present in the slag, however, the opposite effect is observed, so that, as sulphur transfer proceeds between the steel and the slag during desulphurization, the emulsifying tendency is markedly reduced, leading to steel/slag separation.     

含钒转炉渣中和钛白废酸的试验研究

 攀钢在钒钛资源综合利用过程中产生了大量的含钒转炉渣和钛白废酸固、液废弃物,通过实施“以废治废”的新型利用理念,在常温下,液固比为5∶1进行配比,浸泡1 h后钒浸出率达到71.16％,酸浸液可作为提钒原料使用,而酸浸渣则可作为石膏替代品,在达到中和目的的同时,实现废弃资源的再利用。     

The heat recovery simulation in the system of dry granulation of the steel slag

In present,the wet-based pattern is mainly adopted to deal with the steel slag by steel plant at home and abroad,the wet-based technology has some defects;Wasting of water,pollution of the environment,and the slag has not been fully recycled.This paper presents a new method,which is aimed to realize dry granulation,waste heat recovery and comprehensive utilizing the steel slag.According to the ideas of wind quenching granulation,the heating slag from the converter furnace,was bring to the granulation heat exchange system,through the process of breaking in a container,the granulation heat exchange system has the functions of feeding continuously and heat exchange.The heat air,through the diversion tubes,could be recycled in removing the dust.The granulation slag could be bring to a confined roller,granulating and cooling secondarily.The roller export was connected to a magnetic separator.The separated iron could be recycled,and the remaining slag could also be reused as building materials,in process of stabilization and secondary magnetic separation.The heated air could be guided into the boiler to generate the steam,which can be used to generate electricity,or use as cleaned energy,realizing the target to recycle the waste heat in steel slag.The highlights of the new method are dry granulation and waste heat recovery.This paper states the process of heat exchange between the air and the steel slag in the system of granulation heat exchange in the new technical process.In theory,it has been proved reasonable with the the system of granulation heat exchange,and also the work conditions has been optimized.     

Investigating the Effect of Slag on Decarburization in an AOD Converter Using a Fundamental Model

A high‐temperature thermodynamics model has been coupled with a fundamental mathematical model describing the fluid flow, where boundary conditions were chosen based on data for an industrial AOD converter. Using this model, the effect of both slag phases (a liquid part and a solid part) on the decarburization was studied. More specifically, the separation of chromium oxide to liquid slag as well as the effect of the amount of rigid top slag (solid)on the decarburization was investigated. The liquid slag was considered with respect to the uptake of chromium oxide, while the rigid top slag was only considered with respect to the increase of the metallostatic pressure in the steel melt. The results suggest that separation of chromium oxide to liquid slag results in a decreased decarburization rate. The same conclusion can be drawn with respect to the amount of solid top slag.     

Technical solutions to the problem of separating furnace slag from steel and subjecting the slag to its initial processing

The company TECHCOM has come up with several innovations to separate slag from liquid steel as it is tapped and flows to the ladle. The effectiveness of the methods was checked on cold models using potassium iodide and colored kerosene to simulate steel and slag, respectively. It was found that the methods proposed by TECHCOM ensure complete separation of the slag from the steel. The article also discusses the conceptual framework for a technology that allows slag to undergo its initial processing next to the steelmaking furnace.     

铜渣中铁硅分离的研究进展

铜渣是火法炼铜过程中产生的主要固体废弃物,其堆存处置不仅占用大量土地,对周围水和土壤也会造成污染。铜渣中Fe含量高达35%~40%,铁的提取是铜渣资源化利用的主要研究方向之一。铜渣中主要化学组成为Fe和SiO₂,主要物相为铁橄榄石和磁铁矿,因此铁硅分离是实现铁选择性提取的核心。本文回顾了目前铜渣中铁硅分离方法,主要包括磁选法、熔分法、选择性氧化-磁选法、碳热还原-磁选法、氧化焙烧-碱浸法和碳热还原-碱浸法,并对各方法的原理、研究现状及存在问题进行分析和总结。发现铜渣中单一提取铁会产生大量二次尾矿（渣）,铁硅综合提取是实现铜渣清洁、高值化利用的关键。      

高浓度浆料技术在德兴铜矿废水处理中的应用

德兴铜矿在现有传统的酸碱中和处理工艺基础上,通过借鉴加拿大PRA公司的高浓度浆料技术(HDS)实施底渣回流,使长期困扰矿山废水处理的结垢问题得到有效缓解,同时大幅度提高了矿山废水的处理能力和技术水平。