还原扩散法制备Sm2Fe17Nx磁粉的研究

研究了还原扩散法制备Sm2Fe17Nx磁粉过程中,还原扩散反应温度和时间对Sm2Fe17合金单相性的影响,以及Sm2Fe17合金渗氮过程中渗氮温度和时间对Sm2Fe17Nx磁粉性能的影响.结果表明当还原扩散反应温度为1423K、反应时间为5小时能得到均相单一的Sm2Fe17合金;在728K温度下渗氮3.5小时后,400目～500目的Sm2Fe17Nx磁粉的各项磁性能达最大值Br=0.8943T,Hc=325.8kA/m,Hcj=420.3kA/m,(BH)max=78.6kJ/m3.     

添加不同钐含量的Sm2Fe17型合金及其氮化物的研究

通过采用粉末冶金法及密封氮化的方法，对添加不同钐含量的Sm2Fe17型合金及其氮化物的组织形貌、物相组成与结构及磁性能进行了研究。结果发现，多补偿添加25％钐可以使Sm2Fe17型合金退火态的α—Fe含量小于2％。Sm-Fe合金冶炼后的主相均表现为菱方Th2zn17型结构，但快冷时优先沿{300}和{220}面长大。氮化后Sm2Fe17晶格膨胀形成Sm2Fe17N，主相，而α—Fe的X射线特征峰未见明显移动。Sm14．2FeB58合金晶胞膨胀相对较小，而Sm12.8Fe87.2晶胞膨胀较大，在氮化20h时有最大△V／V=8．36％：氮化增加合金中的α—Fe含量。Sm14．2Fes5．8N，的剩磁最高为59．5Am^2／kg，S1l0．5Fe89.5Nx磁化强度最高值为193．6Am^2／kg，Sm12．8Fe87．2Nx合金的所有磁性能值基本分布在Sm14．2Fe85．8Nx和Sm10．5Fe89．5Nx的值之间。     

Sm2Fe17Nx的制备

在研究确定了原材料配比的基础上,采用还原扩散法制备出了 Sm2Fe17合金粉;探讨了反应温度、恒温时间、氮气压力及氮气压力200kPa时温度等因素对氮化反应的影响.当氮气压力为200 kPa、温度为873K、恒温5h时,生成Sm2Fe17N2.874,其氮含量为3.111%.     

放电等离子烧结技术制备Sm2Fe17Nx烧结磁体的研究

采用放电等离子烧结技术制备了Sm2Fe17Nx烧结磁体,考查了压力、烧结温度和升温速率对烧结磁体性能的影响.结果表明:随压力的增加,磁体的致密度显著提高,但Sm2Fe17Nx分解成SmN、α-Fe和N2的程度加剧,造成磁体的矫顽力明显下降,在1GPa的高压下烧结时,超过200℃后磁体的矫顽力就下降很快,说明高压促进了Sm2Fe17Nx的低温分解;采用升温速率为450℃/min的快速烧结工艺,发现未能有效地抑制Sm2Fe17Nx的分解.     

Sm2Fe17Nx稀土永磁材料的研究现状及进展

简要分析了Sm2Fe17Nx的晶体结构、内禀磁特性和N原子与磁性能的关系。着重介绍了Sm2Fe17Nx永磁材料的制备方法以及目前制备工艺存在的问题,并指出了其研究和发展趋势。     

各向异性Sm12.8Fe87.2Nx粘结磁体的研究

采用粉未冶金法对合金及其氮化物与粘结磁体的组织形貌、物相及磁性能进行了较为详细的研究.结果发现，均匀化退火可以明显减少Sm12.8Fe87.2合金中的富Sm相与α—Fe含量。氮化后Sm2Fe17晶格膨胀形成Sm2Fe17Nx主相，氮化20h内Sm2Fe17Nx相单胞体积膨胀超过6％，在20h有最大值△Ve／Ve=8.36％：氮化后合金中的α-Fe含量增加，未见相应用胞体积膨胀:Sm12.8Fe87.2Nx取向粘结磁体中Sm2Fe17Nx相的006衍射明显增强，而其他衍射及α-Fe的衍射减弱，易轴方向磁体的矫顽力优于磁粉的，而剩磁与最高场下磁化强度值劣于磁粉.     

急冷Sm-Fe合金的显微结构及其氮化的研究

采用熔体急冷法,将钐含量为30%(质量分数)的钐铁母合金在高真空旋淬一体炉中进行急冷处理,制得急冷Sm Fe合金薄带。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、热重-示差扫描量热分析仪(TG-DSC)、氧氮氢联测仪等对氮化前后急冷态钐铁合金进行了显微组织和结构、氮含量的测定,分析了渗氮效果。结果表明,随着冷却速率的增加,钐铁合金薄带的微观结构显著细化。当旋淬一体炉的单辊转速超过34. 0 m·s-1,制得了一种晶体与非晶体共存的急冷态钐铁合金,由接近Sm2Fe17正成分的晶相与非晶相基体组成。对合金进行渗氮处理后发现,N原子进入到急冷钐铁合金后,形成了以Sm2Fe17Nx和α-Fe为主相的晶体与含氮非晶体共存的化合物,气体渗氮量可以达到4. 155%。这种晶体与非晶体共存的结构特征可以改善钐铁合金的渗氮效果。     

还原扩散法制备Sm2Fe17化合物的工艺研究

研究了还原扩散法制备Sm2Fe17化合物工艺中Sm2O3，Ca，CaCl2的配入量对Sm2Fe17合金均相性的影响，并用XRD对产物进行物相分析。结果表明：当反应温度为1423K，反应时间为5h，Sm2O3，Ca，CaCl2的配入量分别为121％，225％，8％时，还原扩散反应比较充分，能得到均相单一的Sm2Fe17化合物。     

HDDR法制备各向同性SmFeN永磁体的研究

研究了HDDR法制备各向同性Sm2Fe17Nx磁体的制备、结构与磁性能,发现SmFe铸态组织主要由Sm2Fe17、SmFe2、SmFe3和α-Fe四种相组成,而经过1050℃均匀化退火13h后形成了所需要的接近单相组织的Sm2Fe17相合金。铸锭经过粉碎球磨、HDDR、渗氮处理后,经压制成型得到各向同性的高矫顽力的Sm2Fe17Nx磁体。获得的磁体矫顽力达到了1300kA/m。     

Cr,Mn,Co,Ni替代对LaFe11.5Si1.5磁性与磁热效应的影响

通过X射线衍射和磁性测量手段研究了由Cr,Mn,Co,Ni原子替代LaFe11.5Si1.5化合物中的Fe原子,对化合物结构、磁性与磁热效应的影响.结果表明:替代后的所有化合物的主相均为NaZn13型立方结构并存在杂相,衍射数据精修图表明杂相分别为1.3％的α-Fe相和2.5％的LaFeSi相.Cr,Mn和Ni的替代Fe使LaFe11.5 Si1.5化合物的居里温度与饱和磁化强度下降,而Co的替代化合物的居里温度与饱和磁化强度且增加.所有的替代均使化合物的热滞下降.对Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni替代Fe的化合物在0～5.0T的磁场下最大磁熵变-△Sm分别为23.8,19.8,26.4,20.0和25.9 J·(kg·K)-1.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Concept of freedom of infection of animal flocks

Totally negative results of epidemiological investigation of random samples do not prove the absence of the infection as the pathogen may be restricted to only a few animals in the herd for a long time. The statement "absence of infection" is critical for such situations. The question is raised, whether the statement "absence of infection" should be generally avoided. Classification of herds and flocks according to the prevalence of the pathogen would be more valid for the implementation of control measures.     

显微维氏硬度测量不确定度评定

对显微维氏硬度测量不确定度进行评定，建立了不确定度计算的数学模型，确定了影响实验结果的各项因素，计算出了各因素的标准不确定度，得出结果的扩展不确定度，并给出最终测量结果的表达式。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.