低碳经济生态伦理思想探究

以"人为自身立法"的人本伦理观、"自然向人生成"的人本生态观和"人与自然界之间对立统一"的"人本和谐主义"为核心内容,研究低碳经济的生态伦理思想,培养人们的低碳经济意识,实现人类生存意义的重新定位,确立人与自然和谐相处的理念,形成与低碳经济相适应的生产生活习惯和伦理规则;低碳经济追求人与自然和谐发展的本质要求,决定了其生态伦理思想必然以人性论和马克思的人与自然关系理论为其哲学基础.     

浅谈生态文明及人与自然和谐发展

在生态文明中人与自然的基本关系中,人与自然和谐共处的理念是:肯定人是自然界的相对主体,人类的社会经济必须继续向前发展.同时,要清醒认识自然界的客观规律和自然资源的有限性,努力做到在与自然和谐共处中,实现自身的可持续发展.这就是人类社会的新的文明--生态文明.     

《淮南子》人与自然和谐思想及其现实意义

<淮南子>的自然观,以开阔的整体性的眼光,将自然看作生生不息的和谐的系统,认为人与自然万物同生共源,各有其内在价值,人类不能以优越者自居、主宰者自命,为正确处理人与自然的关系,提供了一个理性依据.我们必须重新树立人与自然和谐的生态伦理观,塑造人与自然关系的新视界,又要采取实际的行动,只有这样才能建立起人与自然的和谐关系.     

厄休拉的生态女性主义形象解读

《恋爱中的女人》代表了D.H.劳伦斯最高的文学成就。这部作品通过刻画厄休拉与伯金的成功爱情,及古德伦与杰拉德的爱情悲剧,从而对比衬托出厄休拉对平等和谐男女关系的追求,同时她反对人类对其他生物的支配关系。这部小说树立了厄休拉的生态女性主义形象。生态女性主义者从保护生态出发,反对父权制,反对任何形式的人类对自然,男性对女性及他者的压迫,从属及支配关系,提倡建立人与自然,男人与女人,人与人之间的平等和谐关系。厄休拉的生态女性主义形象在小说中的树立更加证明了《恋爱中的女人》在新时期的艺术魅力与价值。     

二元对立的瓦解之旅——莱辛《玛拉和丹恩历险记》的生态女性主义解读

英国女作家多丽丝·莱辛是一个具有女性意识和生态意识的作家.从生态女性主义视角解读她的长篇小说<玛拉和丹恩历险记>,分析小说中父权制度瓦解下的男性女性形象和人把自然他者化后的环境问题,指明玛拉丹恩之旅其实就是男性与女性、人与自然二元时立模式的瓦解之旅,而旅途的终点就是和谐的精神家因.这对于现代社会里如何构建人与自然、两性之间的和谐关系有着深刻的借鉴意义.     

构建和谐社会,呼唤生态文明

当今社会人与自然的关系严重失衡,导致人类社会面临可怕的生态危机.生态危机又会进一步影响到人与人、人与社会关系的不和谐,成为构建和谐社会的现实威胁.因此我们只有建设人与自然和谐的生态文明,才能真正建立起社会主义和谐社会.     

中国:从防治水患到建设生态文明的发展历程

生态文明作为人类文明的一种形态.以把握自然规律、尊重和维护自然为前提,以人与自然、人与人、人与社会和谐共生为宗旨,以资源环境承载能力为基础.以建立可持续的产业结构、生产方式和消费模式为内涵,以引导人们走上持续和谐的发展道路为着眼点,强调人的自觉与自律.人与自然环境的相互依存、相互促进、共处共融.生态文明建设是长期而又艰巨的历史过程.早在新中国成立初期,党和国家领导人就意识到人与自然、水资源与经济发展以及人民生活的关系问题,开启了生态文明建设的步伐.党的十七大第一次把建设生态文明作为一项战略任务确定下来,标志着我国进入了以经济建设为中心,把建设生态文明提到更加突出地位这一新的发展阶段.走出了一条适合中国国情的有中国特色的生态文明建设道路.     

生态文明是全面建设小康社会的必然要求

生态文明是人们在改造客观世界的同时,改善和优化人与自然的关系,建设有序的生态运行机制和良好的生态环境所取得的物质、精神、制度成果的总和;它体现了人们尊重自然、利用自然、保护自然,与自然和谐相处的文明形态;它是一种全新的文明观,在确认人类发展权利的同时,还必须保证自然环境的变化,保证自然界的长期、持续合理开发利用,实现生态系统平衡以及人与自然的环境和谐统一.     

浅谈新形势下的医患关系

近年来,随着经济社会的发展,作为社会关系中的重要构成因素,医患关系越来越成为人们关注的焦点.如何建立良好和谐的医患关系,是当今医疗卫生单位讨论的新课题.     

科学发展观与企业技术创新

马克思、恩格斯及其他西方经济学家曾就技术创新与人、自然之关系作过探讨.但是,他们从技术及技术创新的理论定义层面及实际企业应用角度,均未能凸显技术与生态和谐的关系.企业在进行技术创新时,需以科学发展观引领,政府政策指导来构建企业责任,并导入低碳消费.     

钢厂生产流程与大气排放

钢铁是一种重要的材料,其生产过程依赖于矿物资源和各类能源,由此构成了钢铁生产过程对环境的多层次排放。从保护生态环境的角度出发,研究钢铁材料从采矿、钢铁制造、使用到废弃、回收、再生的整个过程对环境的影响,对于重新认识和评估钢铁工艺流程是十分重要的。本文在分析钢厂对环境的影响层次和钢厂环保技术内涵的基础上,分析了两类模型工厂：高炉—转炉—连铸—热轧工艺流程和电炉—薄板坯连铸—热轧工艺流程,分别对其买煤买电和只买煤不买电两种方案的吨钢气体排放量和万元产值排放量进行了计算、比较,从钢厂生产过程对大气排放的角度为钢铁制造流程的整体优化提供参考。     

Development trends of environmental protection technologies for Chinese steel industry

Chinese steel industry has made significant progress on reducing fresh water consumption and CO2/SO2/COD (chemical oxygen demand)/dust emissions,and improving comprehensive utilization of solid waste.Some steel companies have become topped worldwide.However,due to the large output quantity of crude steel,the whole steel industry is still a huge source of pollutants.At present,environmental protection standards are encountering challenges of lack of technical support,taxation policy and other issues.Steel industry is currently facing enormous environmental pressure.The development trends of environmental protection technologies were studied by summarizing different development stages.To realize the development targets,the industry needs to carry out its research with independent intellectual property rights,develop comprehensive management systems and establish ecological chain with other industries.This can not only raise the level of environmental protection in a broader range,but also improve the energy efficiency of iron and steel plants and increase added value of waste utilization.Finally,23 environmental protection technologies were proposed and 4 new environmental protection practices were studied.     

滚筒法不锈钢钢渣处理技术的研究和应用

不锈钢钢渣的环保化处理是钢铁行业面临的难题之一,不锈钢钢渣中高含量游离CaO与MgO导致浸泡处理时粉化严重,环境污染大;不锈钢钢渣中不稳定的六价铬易溶于水造成水体污染。通过对滚筒法处理不锈钢钢渣的工艺抑制不锈钢钢渣粉化和抑制Cr3+的氧化析出进行研究和机理分析,并结合工程实例应用,论证了采用滚筒法处理不锈钢钢渣的可行性,为不锈钢钢渣环保化处理和资源利用奠定了基础。     

Evaluation on the contribution of steel products to environmental improvement from LCA perspectives

High functionality given to steel products results in an increase of environmental loads in the steelmaking stage. However,at the stage of their utilization,the high-functional steel products prove to be more environmentally friendly than their conventional counterparts in many cases. In view of this contradiction,the evaluation on the contribution of steel products to environmental improvement requires a more integrated approach-Life Cycle Assessment ( LCA ) ,which incorporates the effects over the products'entire life cycles. This paper discusses the relationship between the improvement of steel products'performance and the according environmental impact from the entire life cycle perspectives. How to evaluate and assess the contribution of high-functional steel products to environmental improvement using LCA method is explained in detail. Two case studies of Baosteel are given to substantiate the effectiveness of LCA as a scientific and systematic method for eco-material evaluation or eco-design: ① For a power transformer,by replacing silicon steel B30G130 with B30P110,the carbon dioxide emissions were reduced by 15. 1% over the life cycle of the transformer. ② Tinplate steel of Baosteel used for two-piece steel cans experienced six reductions in thickness from 0. 28 mm to 0. 225 mm,which results in a 14. 5% emission reduction over the life cycle of two-piece steel cans.     

建设绿色环保、节能、循环利用资源的新型钢铁厂

介绍了宝钢集团浦钢搬迁罗泾工程为建设绿色环保、节能、循环利用资源的新型钢铁厂而采用的技术装备.针对浦钢搬迁罗泾工程采用COREX炼铁新工艺后钢厂所带来的变化和面临的挑战,对其绿色环保、节能、循环利用资源、产品竞争力等方面进行了初步分析.     

基于综合智能模型的碳钢大气腐蚀重要变量提取和依赖关系挖掘

针对碳钢在大气腐蚀过程中影响变量多且作用机制复杂的问题，提出一种基于综合智能模型的重要变量挖掘框架，利用该框架可以挖掘影响碳钢早期大气腐蚀的重要环境变量及其对腐蚀电偶电流产生的影响。本文通过大气腐蚀监测仪（ACM）收集了我国5个试验站点的大气腐蚀数据，首先，构建了随机森林（RF）、梯度提升回归树（GBRT）和BP神经网络（BPNN）三种机器学习模型；其次，利用多模型集成重要变量选择算法（MEIVS）量化环境变量的重要性并提取影响碳钢早期大气腐蚀的重要环境变量；最后，绘制了环境变量与腐蚀电偶电流的局部依赖曲线（PDP）。仿真结果显示，MEIVS算法挖掘出的重要环境变量更符合大气腐蚀的先验规律；PDP与MEIVS算法的结论具有很好的一致性，重要环境变量对应的PDP的变化幅度大，且PDP的变化趋势能够反映环境变量对腐蚀电偶电流的影响。      

典型钢铁生产流程的环境负荷分析

借鉴和应用产品生命周期评价方法分析钢铁生产流程的环境负荷，建立了关于钢铁生产流程环境负荷的基本概念、评价指标和指标体系，通过对两类典型钢铁生产流程环境负荷的对比分析，研究不同生产流程对环境负荷产生的影响，指出降低环境负荷的方向和途径，为钢铁企业优化生产流程、降低环境负荷提供指导和参考。     

The Contribution of Niobium Bearing Steels and Enhanced Sustainability

With the growing concern for the environmental impact of greenhouse gases and the rapid depletion of important resources,the use of Nb-bearing steels for advanced high strength steel applications can reduce raw material usage and the carbon footprint.The conservation and more efficient use of ironmaking and steelmaking raw materials is an urgent issue for steel producers globally.Recently-developed Nb-microalloyed steel applications provide a more effective product design and reduce CO 2 emissions and energy consumption per tonne of steel.A sustainability structural steelstudy presents the positive cost and reduced environmental impact of Nb-microalloyed steels.This analysis compares the CO 2 emission reduction and energy savings in the steelmaking process melted in both the Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) and the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF).Nb-microalloyed structural steels offer the opportunity to reduce the total weight of a given structure compared to a non-microalloyed steel construction.Generally,one considers the savings associated with less material and lower construction costs.In addition,there is an environmental benefit in the reduction in emissions (kilograms of CO 2) and less energy consumption (GJ) due to the fact that less steel is melted.Plus,there are lighter sections and less material weight in the final end user design which reduces transportation and fabrication costs.A forecasted trend is presented which introduces an increased usage of microalloyed steel grades to replace traditional commodity-type non-alloyed higher carbon-manganese grades for environmental benefits and significant cost reduction.     

中国钢铁工业能源环境负荷分析及减负对策

首次依据钢铁工业的生产统计数据，剖析和总结了1980-2003年中国钢铁工业在钢产量、能耗和环境方面的重大变化以及取得的成绩；指出了中国吨钢能耗与发达国家相比的主要差距是矿钢比、铁钢比高。转炉、电炉和辅助工序能耗高；并认为今后20年中国钢铁工业节能降耗的主要方向是：优化生产工艺流程和结构调整，进一步降低有关工序的钢比系数和工序能耗，尤其是辅助工序的能耗，加强余热、余能的回收与利用，进而降低钢铁工业的环境负荷。     

Environmental Impact of Steel and Fiber–Reinforced Polymer Reinforced Pavements

The environmental load of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforced pavement was compared with that of steel reinforced pavement. Replacing steel rebars with FRP rebars can lead to changes in the concrete mix and pavement structure at the erection stage, to a reduced need for maintenance activities related to steel corrosion, and to different recycling opportunities at the disposal stage. The current study examined all of these variables. The environmental load of FRP reinforced pavement was found to be significantly lower than that of steel reinforced pavement. This results mainly from the fact that FRP reinforced pavement requires less maintenance, its cement content and concrete cover over reinforcement can be reduced, and the reinforcement itself generates a smaller environmental load.