Ti—Si—C三元体系自蔓延高温合成的反应热力学研究

根据热力学原理对Ti-Si-C三元体系进行了热力学计算分析,计算了Ti3SiC2自蔓延高温合成的绝热温度,绘出了体系各反应产物的反应自由焓ΔG与反应温度T的关系曲线,并测量了Ti3SiC2自蔓延高温合成的实际燃烧温度.研究结果表明:Ti-Si-C三元体系在SHS反应过程中其燃烧波能够自发进行;在SHS反应的高温区域,反应产物的热力学稳定性从高到低依次为Ti3SiC2、SiC、TiC,TiC和SiC有向Ti3SiC2反应转化的趋势;Ti3SiC2的SHS反应实际燃烧温度低于其理论绝热温度,主要原因是实际进行的SHS反应存在热量损失所致.     

多孔TiB2+Al2O3/NiAl基复合材料的研究

采用自蔓延高温合成技术制备NiAl/Al2O3 TiB2多孔复合材料,Ni-Al体系的反应产物的相组成主要为NiAl;Ni、Al、B2O3和TiO2组成的反应体系在进行燃烧合成反应之后,生成物主要是NiAl、Al2O3和TiB2,表明燃烧过程中很短的时间内反应能完全充分地进行;加入10Al 3TiO2 3B2O3→5Al2O3 3TiB2颗粒增强体系后,反应合成的多孔产物的孔径减小,孔洞间的连通性增强,孔隙度升高。     

大热流通量条件下原位合成Fe-TiC复合材料的研究

首次应用Gleeble热模拟机研究Fe—Ti—C体系在大热流通量条件下原位合成Fe—TiC复合材料。通过压坯在加热升温过程所反映出的特点，结合热力学计算，以及对产物的x射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)以及能谱分析(EDS)等的研究分析，结果表明：在大热流通量下，可以大幅度地降低合成反应起始温度，且反应完全。在实验研究条件下，Fe—Ti—C体系可在394℃的低温条件下发生合成反应。合成的产物除了分布在铁基体中的小颗粒TiC外，还有少量的Fe2Ti。此研究结果为低温合成Fe—TiC复合材料提供了一条新途径。     

Ti—C-3Ni—Al体系SHS反应热力学分析

计算Ti-C-3Ni-Al体系的自由能,结合体系DSC分析及产物XRD分析结果,研究体系反应的热力学问题。结果表明：该体系中TiC和Ni3Al标准生成自由焓最小,为最稳定的生成物,且产物纯净。     

TiC-CNT复合强化NiAl基复合材料的微观组织与性能

以Ni、Al、Ti、石墨以及碳纳米管为原料,采用自蔓延合成方法制备NiAl基复合材料。结果表明:CNT和石墨可作为TiC的碳源和形核中心,TiC呈多面体弥散分布或镶嵌在NiAl基体中,细化NiAl晶粒;CNT及TiC通过裂纹偏转、颗粒拔出、纤维强化等机制的协同作用对复合材料起增强增韧的作用。     

SHS法制备钛基复合材料用的TiC颗粒

研究了由Ti，C，Al元素粉末通过自蔓延高温合成(SHS)工艺制取TiC颗粒过程中体系物相组成的变化情况，以及合成产物的状态。采用燃烧波淬熄法制备了样品，用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微(SEM)技术分析、检测了所得样品的相组成和微结构。结果表明，在Ti—C—Al系的燃烧合成反应中，分别产生Ti—Al，Ti—C和Al—C间的多个反应，生成多种金属间化合物相，但最终产物以TiC和纯Al相为主。反应产物的形态为纯Al相分隔的符合化学计量比的等轴TiC颗粒多孔堆积体，颗粒大小均匀，尺寸多在2μm一8μm之间。     

NiAl/TiC改性C/C复合材料的微观结构及力学性能

采用熔渗法对C/C多孔坯体进行预熔渗Ti处理,再用NiAl对预熔渗Ti后的C/C多孔坯体进行金属基体改性,制备出NiAl/TiC金属陶瓷改性C/C复合材料,并初步探讨C/C复合材料中NiAl/TiC金属陶瓷复合结构的形成机理及其对改善复合材料力学性能的作用机理。研究结果表明:预熔渗Ti后,Ti与基体炭反应生成TiC。由于NiAl与TiC润湿性好,生成的TiC可有效改善NiAl在C/C多孔坯体中的熔渗深度。NiAl在C/C多孔坯体中的熔渗深度为3~5 mm,同时,NiAl金属相与TiC陶瓷相在材料中呈镶嵌结构复合生长且分布无规则。经NiAl/TiC金属陶瓷熔渗后,复合材料的密度达到2.39 g/cm3,开孔率为13.44%,抗压强度为85.3 MPa,抗弯强度为67.2 MPa。     

相图计算技术在复相陶瓷燃烧合成热力学分析中的应用

应用相图计算技术（ＣＡＬＰＨＡＤ）对燃烧合成复相陶瓷的绝热燃烧温度，平衡相组成等进行了热力学分析。讨论了铝热型自蔓延高温合成反应中副产物相的成因及可能的消除途径。根据稀释剂对绝热温度的影响方式提出了稀释作用的两种模式。对反应热压中采用的硼，碳和Ａｌ２Ｏ３体系的绝热温度进行了计算，并对其放热能力进行了评价。     

Al含量对燃烧合成Ti_3AlC_2的影响

以Ti、Al和C为原料,研究了Ti∶C＝2∶1(摩尔比)时,不同Al含量(27%、33%、38%)对燃烧合成Ti3AlC2的影响.结合热力学原理和Ti-Al-C相图讨论了Al含量对燃烧合成Ti3AlC2的影响机理.结果表明,Al含量对燃烧合成Ti3AlC2的影响较大,产物中的主相都是Ti3AlC2,但杂相不同,即Al含量较低时杂相为TiC;Al含量较高时杂相为Al3Ti,当Al含量为33%时合成的Ti3AlC2的纯度最高.     

原位合成NiAl(FeAl)/TiB_2+Al_2O_3复合材料

Al2O3+TiB2复相陶瓷材料具有高硬度、高熔点、高导热、低膨胀系数、高耐磨性、高温化学稳定性等优良的性能,但由于两种材料都属于硬而脆的材料,复合后仍然存在脆性大、裂纹敏感性强、抗机械冲击性和温度急变形差等缺点.为了克服这些缺点,在陶瓷相中添加金属间化合物(NiAl或FeAl).X射线衍射结果表明,合成产物的主要组成相分别为Al2O3+TiB2、Al2O3+TiB2+NiAl及Al2O3+TiB2+FeAl,进行燃烧合成反应.通过对不同成分反应产物的相对密度、强度、断裂韧度对比,可知产物的相对密度在FeAl含量为15%时达到最高99.5%,Al2O3+TiB2+NiAl体系中在NiAl含量为20%时达到最高98.5%.随着金属间化合物含量的增加,合成复合材料的硬度下降,而断裂韧度提高.     

Microstructure and mechanical behavior of the NiAl-TiC In situ composite

The microstructure, interfaces, and mechanical properties of NiAl-matrix composites reinforced by 0 and 20 vol pct TiC particles have been examined. The composites were prepared by the hot-pressaided exothermic synthesis (HPES) technique. Portions of the HPES-processed samples were hot isostatically pressed (“hipped”) at 1165 °C/150 MPa for 4 hours or annealed at 1400 °C for 48 hours. In the as-fabricated state, TiC particles were generally polygonal and faceted, and the interfaces between TiC and NiAl were atomically flat, sharp, and generally free from any interfacial phase. At least two orientation relationships between TiC and NiAl were observed. In some cases, thin amorphous layers existed at NiAl/TiC interfaces. After “Hipping,” the TiC particles tended to become round and the TiC/NiAl interfaces became overlapped. Annealing at 1400 °C for 48 hours did not affect the microstructure or the interfacial structure of the composite in most cases. The compressive yield strengths (YSs) from room temperature to 1100 °C of the composite were considerably higher than that of the monolithic NiAl. At 980 °C, the tensile YS of the composite was approximately 3 times that of the monolithic NiAl. In addition, the ambient fracture toughness of the composite was 50 pct higher than that of the monolithic NiAl.     

Al-TiC Composites Fabricated by a Thermally Activated Reaction Process in an Al Melt Using Al-Ti-C-CuO Powder Mixtures. Part I: Microstructural Evolution and Reaction Mechanism

Al matrix composites reinforced with TiC particles are fabricated by a thermally activated reaction of Al-Ti-C powder mixtures in an Al melt. In the presence of CuO, reactant mixtures in the form of a pellet added to molten Al at temperatures higher than 1093 K (820 °C) instantly reach the peak temperature over 1785 K (1512 °C), followed by combustion wave propagation with in situ synthesizing TiC with a size of approximately 1 μm. Incomplete reaction products such as unreacted C, Al₃Ti, and TiC aggregates are also observed. The pellet microstructure evolution upon the combustion reaction indicates that preheating temperature, i.e., the initial melt temperature, affects both the thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of the reaction, and thereby influences the final microstructure of the Al/TiC composites. Based on the experimental and theoretical results, a sequence of the reaction leading upto the in situ synthesis of TiC is illustrated and the corresponding mechanism for the present process is proposed.     

高钛钢中TiC析出机制

通过凝固实验并结合Thermo-Calc软件研究了高钛钢(Ti 质量分数为0.6％)在凝固过程中 TiC 的析出方式及形态.结果表明：由于选分结晶的作用,TiC在凝固最后阶段沿着原始奥氏体晶界析出,并形成离异共晶组织,以片状或杆状形式存在,析出相厚度约为1~3μm.Mo 溶入 TiC 后形成(Ti,Mo)C,相分析数据表明,Ti/Mo 质量比为3.4.采用热力学软件及TiC溶解度积分别得出TiC开始析出温度分别为1453及1487℃,析出温度略高于固相线温度,析出质量分数可以达到0.35％.     

Overaluminizing of a CoNiCrAlY Coating by Inward and Outward Diffusion Treatments

Overaluminizing is a commercially accepted treatment to enhance high temperature oxidation resistance of MCrAlY overlay coatings. In the current investigation, a low pressure plasma-sprayed CoNiCrAlY coating was aluminized by two different growth modes: outward growth and inward growth. The resultant microstructures were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results showed that the final microstructure of both types of overaluminized coatings was similar and included Al-rich NiAl and Ni-rich NiAl zones from the top to the bottom. The details of the microstructures are discussed and compared with the results of simple aluminizing of the nickel-based substrate.     

燃烧合成（Ti，W）C的形成过程

研究了W／（Ti＋W）＝0．40,0．54两种配比的Ti－W－C体系在不同反应条件下的燃烧合成产物相组成及燃烧块断面组织。结合燃烧前沿激冷粹熄法,分析了其燃烧前沿高温动态反应过程。研究表明,体系燃烧过程中存在两种模式。熔化－熔解－析出机制：燃烧高温使燃烧前沿Ti粉熔化,W、C溶解于熔融Ti中,而后（Ti,W）C从Ti－W－C熔体中析出。扩散－固溶机制：当燃烧温度不足以使燃烧前沿Ti粉熔化时,C沿燃烧过程中形成的Ti颗粒裂纹快速扩散,与固态Ti核反应形成TiC;同时通过C的扩散,W与C反应先形成W2C,然后转变成WC;而后WC固溶至TiC中,形成（Ti,W）C。     

钢与TiC颗粒之间界面润湿性分析

 TiC粒子具有高硬度、高熔点和高热力学稳定等特点,以TiC粒子作为增强相具有提高钢基体强度、耐高温和耐磨损等性能的潜力,近年来相关钢种的开发受到越来越多的关注。增强相颗粒与钢基体之间良好的润湿性是提高界面结合强度、防止颗粒在磨损过程中脱落的关键。因此,为了明确TiC粒子与钢基体之间的润湿程度,指导以TiC为增强相的耐磨钢的开发,采用高温座滴法观察钢液滴在TiC基片上的铺展行为,采用电子探针分析钢与TiC颗粒之间微区的元素分布,并结合热力学计算,探究高温下钢液与TiC之间界面润湿行为。结果表明,钢液与TiC之间的润湿性很好,在升温以及保温过程,钢样熔化后能通过TiC基片中的微孔快速渗入到基体内部,表现为钢样向下“坍塌”,直至钢样从观察窗口中完全消失。钢液进入TiC基片内部的同时,钢中氮元素向周围TiC相扩散。电镜分析表明钢液与TiC颗粒界面上没有产生新的相。TiC(TiN)与铁组成的二元相图表明,与TiN相比,TiC在钢液中有较大的溶解度,这解释了TiC-钢系统比TiN-钢系统润湿性好的原因。钢液与TiC颗粒之间的界面润湿性好且不发生化学反应,保证了TiC颗粒可作为增强相来提高钢的耐磨性能。为TiC颗粒与高钛钢之间的润湿性研究提供借鉴,为高钛耐磨钢成分的设计提供理论指导。     

HRB500E抗震钢筋中钛化物析出热力学分析

 钢液凝固过程中钛化物在液相、固相的存在形态对固相组织的性能有着重要的影响,其第二相析出起到细化晶粒的作用。为分析HRB500E抗震钢筋钢中TiN、TiC、Ti(C,N)析出物的析出规律,对TiN、TiC、Ti(C,N)析出物进行热力学计算。结果表明,TiN、TiC在钢液成分均质状态下难以析出,TiC_0.19N_0.81在温度为1 843 K时析出;在凝固过程中,由于Ti、N在凝固前沿富集,TiN在凝固过程中具备析出的热力学条件,析出温度为1 745 K;在固相奥氏体中,TiN和TiC粒子具备析出热力学条件,TiC析出温度比TiN的低,铁素体中有TiC的析出。     

Synthesis of YVO<Subscript>4</Subscript>:Eu<Superscript>3+</Superscript> Nanophosphors Through the Use of Urea and Aniline Fuels and Study of Their Microstructures and Optical Properties

In this paper, YVO₄:Eu³⁺ nanophosphors were synthesized via the simple combustion method by urea and aniline, individually. The particle size of produced powders and the combustion flame temperature were explained in thermodynamic terms. These phosphors were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope and photoluminescence (PL) analyses. It was concluded that the amounts of released gas, adiabatic flame temperature, remaining compounds after combustion reaction, size of powders and optical properties depended strongly on the used combustion fuel. Also, the PL intensity of the phosphors synthesized by aniline was remarkably higher than that of phosphors synthesized by urea.     

绝热燃烧温度对TiC-TiB2复合陶瓷物相及组织的影响

以B4C粉、Ti粉、CrO3粉以及Al粉为原料,采用超重力下自挤压辅助燃烧合成技术,以快速凝固方式制备出不同绝热燃烧温度的TiC-TiB2复合陶瓷.XRD、FESEM与EDS结果表明,TiC-TiB2复合陶瓷基体主要由片状的TiB2晶粒构成,同时在TiB2基体间还分布着少量不规则的TiC,(Ti,Cr,Al)C1-x及Al2O3残余夹杂物.随着绝热燃烧温度的升高,Al2O3的含量先减少后增加,(Ti,Cr,Al) C1-x的含量逐渐增加,TiB2与TiC的含量基本不变.     

含钛高炉渣碳化及超重力分离碳化钛的研究

以热力学计算为依据,研究在焦炭还原攀钢含钛高炉渣的过程中,反应温度和保温时间对碳化钛的生成量的影响,同时利用超重力技术来分离还原产生的碳化钛.研究结果表明:含钛高炉渣经高温碳热还原后得到有价组元碳化钛,当实验温度设定在1 600 ℃保温5 h时,还原渣中碳化钛的含量最高,熔渣中钛氧化物转化为碳化钛的转化率达到最佳.另外,还原渣经超重力分离后碳化钛被截留在碳毡上部的精矿中,脉石相则被分离到下部坩埚中,还原渣在重力系数G=300于1 320 ℃等温分离20 min后,精矿中碳化钛的含量由还原渣中的12.1 %提高到26 %,通过超重力技术可以使碳化钛含量提高一倍多.