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近十余年来,钙钛矿太阳能电池光电转换效率从3.8%提升至目前的25.5%,有望成为下一代商业用薄膜太阳能电池。然而,目前广泛使用的TiO2电子传输层电子迁移率低、退火温度高、紫外光照稳定性差等特性使得TiO2基钙钛矿太阳能电池性能,尤其是长期稳定性,面临巨大挑战。SnO2由于良好的电子迁移率、适宜的能带结构、简单的低温溶液合成以及稳定的化学结构等优点成为替代TiO2电子传输层的首选。目前,调控SnO2/钙钛矿以及钙钛矿/空穴传输层界面是SnO2基钙钛矿太阳能电池性能优化的关键。鉴于此,在详细介绍SnO2电子传输层本体与表面,钙钛矿本体、晶界及表面缺陷类型及特征的基础之上,重点总结了SnO2/钙钛矿、钙钛矿/空穴传输层界面调控及性能提升的研究进展。最后,针对SnO2基钙钛矿太阳能电池器件界面调控与性能优化的研究趋势和发展方向做出展望。 相似文献
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近几年,基于有机-无机杂化的钙钛矿太阳能电池成为光伏材料领域的研究热点.同时作为新型太阳能电池,钙钛矿太阳能电池受到科学家的广泛关注.目前在实验室制备的电池能量转换效率已经超过21 %.但是此类太阳能电池的稳定性存在很大问题,如果不能得到有效解决,必然会阻碍其产业化的进程.这几年关于如何提升钙钛矿太阳能电池稳定性方面的研究不断增多.文章归纳关于钙钛矿太阳能电池稳定性方面研究的最新进展.以CH3NH3PbI3为对象,对其物理、化学方面的稳定性问题以及整个电池器件内各层之间存在的界面稳定性问题进行阐述.最后回顾钙钛矿太阳能电池发展历程,对钙钛矿太阳能电池稳定性问题进行总结并从实际应用角度展望未来该领域的发展方向. 相似文献
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《稀有金属》2019,(2)
采用旋涂法(SC)、原子层沉积(ALD)和磁控溅射(MS)3种方法制备二氧化钛(TiO_2)致密籽晶层并生长TiO_2纳米柱层(TiO_2 nanorod layer),研究了由TiO_2致密层(TiO_2 compact layer)和TiO_2纳米柱层组成的纳米TiO_2层(nano-TiO_2 layer)的形貌结构及其作为电子传输层(ETL)对钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSCs)性能的影响。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对制备的纳米TiO_2层的结构、形貌进行了表征。研究发现采用磁控溅射制备的TiO_2籽晶层的表面粗糙度最大,为26.6 nm,有利于生长TiO_2纳米柱层,生长的金红石型晶体结构的TiO_2纳米柱具有最好的结晶性。采用紫外可见吸收光谱(ultravioletvisible absorption spectroscopy)对掺氟的SnO_2透明导电玻璃(FTO)/纳米TiO_2层/钙钛矿层结构的光吸收性能进行分析。采用电流-电压曲线(I-V曲线)对不同纳米TiO_2层的钙钛矿太阳能电池性能进行了测试分析。结果表明,与旋涂法、原子层沉积方法相比,采用磁控溅射制备的纳米TiO_2层作为电子传输层的钙钛矿太阳能电池具有最佳的转换效率。 相似文献
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传统锂离子电池液态电解液具有可燃性,存在安全隐患。随着对二次电池安全性能要求的提升,固态电池近年来成为新型二次电池发展的热点。在所有类型的固体电解质中,反钙钛矿型电解质具有前驱体成本低廉,易于合成以及加工性能好的优点,因此引起了广泛的注意。然而,反钙钛矿型电解质的离子电导率较低,室温下仅为10-6~10-5S/cm,从而限制了其在新能源汽车上的应用。实验采用溴镁共掺杂的方法来提高反钙钛矿型电解质的离子电导率。通过溴掺杂氯位以及镁掺杂锂位能够引入更多的锂空位,从而降低了锂离子迁移的活化能,使反钙钛矿型电解质的离子电导率提升4.5倍。最后,以钴酸锂为正极活性材料组装金属锂固态电池,反钙钛矿基固态电池在2C倍率下循环100圈后容量保持率可达90.1%。 相似文献
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环境污染和能源枯竭等问题对开发新的储能和转换装置提出了更高的需求。具有超高能量密度的Li-O2电池有望成为替代传统化石能源极具潜力的候选。但Li-O2电池滞后的反应动力学带来的实际能量密度低、稳定性不佳及倍率性能差等问题制约了其应用,因此迫切需要开发高效电催化剂来提高其滞后的反应动力学。过渡金属硫族化合物由于其类石墨烯结构特点以及本身优异的催化活性吸引了研究人员的广泛研究。本文介绍了过渡金属硫族化合物材料在非水系Li-O2电池催化剂方面的最新研究进展,包括过渡金属硫化物、硒化物、碲化物以及双过渡金属硫族化合物催化剂对Li-O2电池催化性能提高的影响,阐述了对过渡金属硫族化合物材料进行结构设计构建、相调控以及表面改性的方法,建立了其微观结构与氧还原和氧析出催化活性的联系,最后对过渡金属硫族化合物材料在 Li-O2电池中的进一步应用进行了展望。 相似文献
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综述了多晶卤化物钙钛矿薄膜的局限性, 卤化物钙钛矿量子点的基本光学性质和制备方法, 以及在光电探测器方面的器件结构研究进展, 并重点介绍了应用在0D-2D混合维度异质结基光电晶体管器件的突破, 包括界面载流子行为和高性能光探测器的构建.最后, 总结了卤化物钙钛矿量子点作为未来商业化应用的光电子器件和电子器件的候选材料所面临的主要问题和挑战, 譬如化学不稳定性、铅毒性问题、量子点与其他材料间界面高效电荷传输等问题, 并提出了解决思路和方法.这为设计和推进高性能、高稳定性卤化物钙钛矿量子点基光电功能化器件的商业化应用指明了方向. 相似文献
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钙钛矿材料具有化学结构稳定、种类繁多、可调性好等优点,目前广泛应用于光催化技术。然而,简单钙钛矿在光催化应用上存在光吸收效果差、带隙较大、耐湿性差等缺点。研究发现双钙钛矿相较简单钙钛矿具有更好的稳定性、更复杂的原子环境和更大的组成空间,可以容纳高价元素等,因此,双钙钛矿得到更加深入的研究。主要叙述了近年来双钙钛矿型光催化剂的研究进展,分别对有序双钙钛矿、无铅卤化物双钙钛矿、复杂双钙钛矿、氧缺陷双钙钛矿等光催化剂的研究进展进行了总结,并对双钙钛矿光催化反应机理进行了分析,认为双钙钛矿可以有效提高电子-空穴的分离效率,改善催化剂的晶体结构和光吸收性能,实现光催化性能的调控。最后对双钙钛矿光催化剂的发展和研究方向提出了展望。 相似文献
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《中国稀土学报(英文版)》2022,40(11):1651-1667
Organic–inorganic lead halide based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted unprecedented research interest over last decade. The high performance, combined with merits of low fabrication costs and ease of synthesis make PSCs promising alternate to state of the art silicon (Si) based solar cells. However, some inherent shortcomings of PSCs are hindering their market dominance over conventional photovoltaic technologies such as transmission loss of sub-bandgap photons, poor stability and hysteresis effects. Recently, use of rare earth (RE) ions doped nanomaterials in PSCs, has been identified as an effective means to address the aforementioned issues by expanding the range of absorption spectra minimizing the non-absorption loss of solar photons, enhancing light scattering and improving operational stability. This article reviews the recent progress in doping rare-earth (RE) ions in the building blocks of PSCs such as semiconductor electrodes and photoactive perovskite layers, and its use as a separate spectral conversion layer in PSCs. The effect of size, shape, constitution and concentration of RE-nanoparticles on the overall performance and device stability will be analyzed in detail. Moreover, we provide an outlook on the opportunities this newly developed field offers and the critical challenges faced in rationally and effectively using RE-ion-doped nanomaterials in PSCs for better operational stability and enhanced performance. 相似文献
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《中国稀土学报(英文版)》2019,37(5):515-519
In this study, we propose the fabrication of monolithic crystalline silicon solar cells with Tb~(3+) and Yb~(3+)-doped silicon nitride(SiN_x) layers by low-cost screen-printing methods. The performances of c-Si solar cells can be enhanced by rare-earth ions doped SiN_x layers via the mechanism of spectrum conversion.These SiN_x doped and codoped thin films were deposited by reactive magnetron co-sputtering and integrated as the antireflection coating layers in c-Si solar cells. The characterizations of SiN_x, SiN_x:Tb~(3+) tand SiN_x:Tb~(3+)-Yb~(3+) thin films were conducted by means of photoluminescence, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, Ellipsometry spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared measurements. Their composition and refractive index was optimized to obtain good anti-reflection coating layer for c-Si solar cells.Transmission electron microscopy performs the uniform coatings on the textured emitter of c-Si solar cells. After the metallization process, we demonstrate monolithic c-Si solar cells with spectrum conversion layers, which lead to a relative increase by 1.34% in the conversion efficiency. 相似文献
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《中国稀土学报(英文版)》2020,38(5):531-538
The mismatch between the photovoltaic(PV) cells absorption and the solar irradiance on earth is one of the major limitations towards more efficient PV energy conversion.This aspect was addressed by downshifting the solar irradiance on Earth through luminescent down-shifting layers based on lanthanidedoped surface-functionalized ionosilicas(ISs) embedded in poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) coated on the surface of commercial Si-based PV cells.The IS-PMMA hybrid materials exhibit efficient solar radiation harvesting(spectral overlap of ~9.5 × 10~(19) photons/(s·m~2)) and conversion(quantum yield~52%).The direct solar radiation and the down-shifted radiation are partially guided and lost through total internal reflection to the layer edges being unavailable for PV conversion of the coated PV cell.By tuning the down-shifting layer thickness,it also acts as luminescent solar concentrator enabling the collection of the guided radiation by flexible PV cells applied on the borders of the down-shifting layer leading to an enhancement of the PV energy conversion from ~5%(in the case of the single-use of the luminescent down-shifting layer) to~13% comparing with the bare PV cell.The overall electrical output of the device resulted in an absolute external quantum efficiency increase of~32% for the optimized Eu~(3+)-based films in the UV spectral region(compared with the bare PV device,which is among the best values reported so far). 相似文献
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The goal of this work was aimed to improve the power conversion efficiency of single crystalline silicon-based photovoltaic cells by using the solar spectral conversion principle, which employs an up-conversion phosphor to convert a low energy infrared photon to the more energetic visible photons to improve the spectral response. In this study, the surface of multicrystalline silicon solar cells was coated with an up-conversion molybdate phosphor to improve the spectral response of the solar cell in the near-infrared spectral range. The short circuit current (Isc), open circuit voltage (Voc), and conversion efficiency (η) of spectral conversion cells were measured. Preliminary experimental results revealed that the light conversion efficiency of a 1.5%-2.7% increase in Si-based cell was achieved. 相似文献
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碘化铅是有机无机杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池的关键原料, 其使用方法为溶解在二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中然后制成膜.碘化铅在DMF中的溶解性对电池器件的性能有重要影响.本文经实验判断, 造成碘化铅在DMF中溶解性差的原因是H2O、PbO、PbO2等氧化物在碘化铅晶体表面形成氧化物薄膜, 阻碍其溶解.在一定范围内, 碘化铅在DMF中溶解性取决于碘化铅合成过程中反应溶液的pH值.经过扫描电镜、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱等分析检测, 确定有机无机杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池用碘化铅最佳合成pH值为2;且在一定范围内反应溶液pH值、滴速和溶液浓度不会影响碘化铅的微观形貌及其在DMF中的溶解性; 同时发现重结晶、热反应以及慢滴速反应条件会使碘化铅样品在(001)面择优生长. 相似文献