绿豆芽中异黄酮类成分提取工艺的优化及含量测定

[目的] 确定绿豆芽中黄酮类成分的最佳提取工艺及绿豆发芽过程中大豆异黄酮类成分牡荆素和异牡荆素的变化趋势.[方法]采用正交试验优化绿豆中异黄酮类成分的提取工艺,用HPLC 法测定牡荆素和异牡荆素在绿豆发芽过程中(0～6 d)的含量.[结果]绿豆芽中异黄酮类成分的最佳提取工艺为:提取次数1 次,提取时间90 min,提取溶剂为50%乙醇,料液比为1:50.绿豆发芽第4天,牡荆素和异牡荆素的含量最高,但均低于其在绿豆中的含量.[结论]该研究为绿豆及绿豆芽的开发和利用提供了良好的理论基础.     

芦笋老茎中多糖提取工艺的优化

[目的]优化微波直提法和微波-索氏提取法提取芦笋老茎中多糖的工艺.[方法]以多糖提取率为考察指标,通过正交试验优化2种提取方法的提取工艺.[结果] 微波直提法的最佳工艺条件为:料液比为1:30,提取时间为20 min,提取温度为60 ℃,微波功率为600 W,在此条件下多糖的提取率为4.35%;微波-索氏提取法的最佳工艺条件为:料液比为1:33,微波时间为10 min,微波功率为600 W,提取温度为70 ℃,在此条件下多糖的提取率为2.29%.[结论]微波直提法具有提取效率高,提取温度低,能量消耗小等特点,可用于实际生产中.     

微波辅助提取啤酒酵母多糖及其抗氧化作用研究

[目的]研究微波辅助提取啤酒酵母多糖的最佳提取工艺及其抗氧化作用.[方法]以多糖提取率作为考察指标,采用单因素分析和正交试验对啤酒酵母多糖的提取工艺条件进行优化,并通过比色法研究其体外清除自由基的能力.[结果]啤酒酵母多糖最佳提取工艺条件为:微波时间10 min,微波功率540 W,浸润时间1 h.多糖得率为13.27%;酵母多糖具有清除自由基和超氧阴离子的能力,且其清除能力与多糖浓度呈明显的剂量关系,清除的50%的羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的多糖浓度分别为0.32和0.08 mg/ml.[结论]与常规水提取法相比,微波辅助提取法具有提取时间短、效率高、节约能源的优点;酵母多糖具有明显的抗氧化活性.     

微波-超声波协同作用提取熊果酸的工艺研究

[目的]研究微波-超声波协同作用从苦丁茶中提取熊果酸的提取工艺.[方法]采用单因素试验确定各因素对提取工艺的影响,并将微波-超声波协同作用与单纯的微波或超声波作用提取结果进行比较.[结果]微波-超声波协同作用提取熊果酸的最佳工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数95%、固液比(M:V,g/ml)1:10、提取温度70 ℃、提取时间240 s.在该最佳工艺条件下,3次试验的平均提取率为98.97%,高于单纯的微波法和超声波法辅助提取的提取率56.79%和14.75%.[结论]微波-超声波协同作用比单纯的微波或超声波作用从苦丁茶中提取熊果酸的提取率更高.     

超声微波协同萃取五倍子中没食子酸工艺优化

[目的]优化超声微波协同萃取五倍子中没食子酸的工艺条件.[方法]采用正交试验优化超声微波协同提取没食子酸的工艺条件.[结果]没食子酸的最佳提取工艺为:以4 mol/L的盐酸为提取剂,料液比为1:30,微波功率为230 W,提取时间为810 s.[结论]超声微波协同提取法提取时间短、提取率高,具有广阔的应用前景.     

微波辅助法提取山楂黄酮类化合物的工艺条件研究

[目的]探讨微波辅助法提取山楂中黄酮类化合物的工艺.[方法]采用单因素试验和正交试验,研究微波处理时间、微波功率、乙醇浓度和液固比4个因素对提取山楂黄酮类化合物的影响.[结果]最佳提取工艺条件为:液固比60:1、乙醇浓度80%、微波处理时间60 s、微波功率420 W.在此工艺条件下,提取率达到3.47%.[结论]该工艺条件适合于提取山楂中黄酮类化合物.     

2种蜂胶总黄酮提取方法的比较

[目的]为进一步开发和利用蜂胶资源提供依据.[方法]采用正交试验,对乙醇热浸法和微波辅助法提取蜂胶总黄酮的工艺和效果进行比较.[结果]乙醇热浸法提取蜂胶总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为:料液比1:30、提取温度60℃、提取时间6 h、乙醇浓度70%,在此条件下总黄酮提取率为9.931%;微波辅助法提取蜂胶总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为:料液比1:50、微波功率420 w、微波处理时间40 s、乙醇浓度70%,在此奈件下总黄酮提取率为14.574%.[结论]微波法提取时间短、提取效率高,是一种理想的蜂胶总黄酮提取方法.     

超声提取花生根茎叶中白藜芦醇的工艺优化

[目的]优化花生根茎叶中白藜芦醇超声法提取的工艺条件.[方法]以花生根、茎、叶为原料,采用超声法对白藜芦醇的提取工艺进行研究,通过单因素试验和正交试验确定提取的最佳工艺条件,并通过HPLC法进行分析.[结果]超声提取法提取花生根、茎、叶中白藜芦醇的最佳工艺为:超声频率为15.33 kHz,占空比为1:2,提取时间为6 min,料液比为1:25,乙醇浓度为70%,在最佳提取条件下测得白藜芦醇的提取量为885.96 μg/g.[结论]该研究得到超声提取法提取花生根、茎、叶中白藜芦醇的最佳提取工艺,为高效提取花生根茎叶中的白藜芦醇提供了新途径.     

微波辅助提取玫瑰花红色素工艺的优化

[目的]优化微提取玫瑰花(Rosa rugosa Thunb)红色素的工艺.[方法]以云南高原食用玫瑰为原料,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验优化微波提取工艺.[结果]微波提取玫瑰花色素的最佳工艺为:微波功率为560 W,提取时间为35 s,料液比为1:5,提取溶剂为40%乙醇.在最佳工艺条件下,玫瑰花红色素提取率达到81.6%,提取收率达到3.6%.[结论]微波提取技术可较好地提取玫瑰红色素.     

苦豆草生物碱的提取工艺研究

[目的]探讨苦豆草生物碱提取的影响因素,确定最优的提取方法和最佳的提取条件.[方法]对比冷浸提取、回流提取、微波提取和超声提取4种方法的提取效果,同时通过单因素试验和正交试验,研究各种工艺条件(溶刺、料液比、超声次数、超声时间)对苦豆苹生物碱提取率的影响,优化其提取工艺.[结果]最优提取方法为超声提取,料液比、超声次数、超声时间对苦豆草生物碱提取率无显著影响,溶剂具有显著性影响.[结论]最佳提取工艺为溶剂0.4%盐酸,料液比1:20,超声2次,每次20 min.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.