辽宁西部朝阳农村气温和热量资源变化分析

[目的]研究辽西朝阳农村的气温和热量资源变化特征.[方法]选取1966～2010年辽西朝阳农村气象站资料,应用序列相关和气候倾向率等统计方法,对朝阳农村的气温和热量资源变化特征进行分析,掌握该农村的气候现状.[结果]1966～2010年辽西朝阳农村日平均气温、日最高气温和日最低气温的年均值呈波动变化,其中日最高气温年均值趋势升高增温幅度最大(0.328℃/10a),且显著水平最高,是气温升高的主体;日平均气温增幅(0.151℃/10a)和显著水平次之;日最低气温呈下降趋势,且显著水平不明显.在冬、夏半年时间尺度里,日最高气温平均值趋势升高明显,气候倾向率分别为0.417和0.250℃/10a,以冬半年升高最突出;日平均气温趋势性显著水平较低,日平均最低气温趋势性不显著.辽西朝阳农村≥10℃积温呈波动增加趋势明显,气候倾向率为42.590(℃·d)/10a,近45年趋势增加192(℃·d).[结论]该研究为调整农业结构和品种布局等农业措施提供气候依据.     

近51年气候变化对黑河流域湿地生态环境的影响

[目的]研究气候变化对黑河流域湿地生态环境的影响.[方法]利用1959～2009年黑河流域6个气象台站的气象资料,采用统计分析方法,研究了近51年气候变化对黑河流域湿地生态环境的影响.[结果]近51年来,黑河流域湿地气温、降水呈明显上升趋势,尤其是近20年来增温、增湿趋势更加显著;气候变化使黑河流域地表向干旱化发展的趋势加快,山区尤为显著;与气候密切相关的湿地生态环境也对气候变化作出了响应,具体表现为地下水位上升、湿地面积减少、农业种植结构改变、气象灾害增加、生物多样性遭到破坏等.[结论]该研究对湿地资源的保护和开发具有重要的意义.     

近50年建昌县霜期设施农业生产中光热气候资源变化特征

[目的]研究近50年建昌县霜期设施农业生产中光热气候资源变化特征.[方法]利用近50年建昌县气候资料,采用常规数理统计方法,分析了1960～2009年建昌县霜期光照、气温变化趋势.[结果]1960～2009年建昌县霜期日照时数、日照百分率呈减少趋势,气候倾向率分别为-55.556 h/10 a、-2.39%/10 a,近50年分别减少了278 h和12%;1981、1982年发生了气候跃变,跃变前后日照时数、日照百分率分别减少161 h和7%.霜期气温总体呈升高趋势,平均气温、平均最高、最低气温气候倾向率分别为0.386、0.392和0.567℃/10 a.近50年分别上升了1.93、1.96和2.84℃;1987、1988年发生气温跃变,跃变前后霜期平均气温、平均最高、最低气温分别升高了1.3、1.2和1.7℃.近50年来,建昌霜期光照资源减少,而热量资源增加,形成光热互补.[结论]该研究为当地霜期设施农业的发展提供了气候依据.     

气候变化对青海海东农业区的影响评估与适应对策

[目的]研究青海海东农业区气候变化及其对农业的影响.[方法]利用1961～2009年青海海东农业区有关气象、农业观测资料,对农业区气候变化特征及气候变化对农业的影响进行了分析,并根据气候模式输出数据经降尺度处理生成的未来气候情景,预估未来气候变化对海东农业产生的可能影响.[结果]1961～2009年海东农业区年平均气温呈显著的升高趋势,升温率为0.37℃/10a,降水量和日照时数略有减少,气候倾向率分别为-3.70mm/10a和-27.55h/lOa,近49年来极端事件发生日数虽有减少但程度加重.未来100年海东农业区气温上升显著,降水略有增加,气候变化会对农业的生产环境、布局、结构和生产力产生影响,将使农业生产产量波动增大、布局与结构改变、成本与投资增大.为适应气候变化,应积极地有计划地进行农业结构调整,加强管理,改善农业基础设施,采用新技术,提高农业生产对气候变化不利影响的抵御能力,增加适应能力,最大限度地减少损失和实现潜在的效益.[结论]该研究为政府和农业部门决策提供依据.     

六盘水市近50年气温变化特征分析

[目的]研究近50年六盘水市气温变化特征.[方法]利用六盘水市的六枝、盘县、水城3个测站1960～2009年逐月平均气温资料,采用线性倾向估计、Mann-Kendall等方法,对六盘水市近50年气温变化的年际、年代际和突变特征进行分析.[结果]近50年来六盘水市气温呈明显的上升趋势,升温率为0.096℃/10a;春季平均气温呈下降趋势,夏、秋、冬季呈上升趋势,上升趋势不一致,且冬季平均气温变化幅度最大,夏、秋次之,春季最小.六盘水市气温在20世纪80年代初以前气温变化不明显,80年代以后气温明显增高,具有明显的波动性质,存在几个突变点,比较明显的突变点出现在1978年,在1978年后年平均气温增温显著.春季气温没有明显的突变现象;夏、秋、冬季气温突变点分别为1978、1982和1985年.[结论]该研究为六盘水市的短期气候预测提供参考依据.     

气候变化对平顶山烟叶生产的影响

[目的]研究气候变化对平顶山烟叶生产的影响.[方法]利用1961～2008年平顶山市5个气象代表站的气温、降水以及极端气候事件资料,采用一元线性回归分析法分析近48年平顶山市气候变化特征.[结果]近48年来,平顶山市年平均气温呈波动上升趋势,年平均降水量总体变化趋势不明显;气候变暖导致早涝、大风、冰雹等极端气候事件频发,烟叶病虫害的大面积发生,对烟叶生产造成较大影响.[结论]该研究为合理利用气候资源、防御自然灾害对烟叶生产的不利影响提供了理论依据.     

塔城市近47年气候变化特征

利用塔城市1961～2007年地面气象资料,分析了47年来温度、降水、日照和风速的变化特征,结果显示,气温呈明显上升趋势,气温变化速率迭0.50℃/10a.47年平均气温上升了约2.4℃.四季季平均气温整体上都呈上升趋势,冬季气温最为明显,线性增长率达0.85℃/10a;秋季次之,线性增温速率为0.58℃/10a;夏季线性增长速率为0.39℃/10a;春季线性增温速率最小为0.34℃/10a,年平均最高气温的年代际变化呈波动式上升特征,增温卒为0.37℃/10a.春、夏、秋、冬的线性增温率分别为0.217、0.266、0.488和0.540℃/10a.平均最低气温年代际变化与平均最高气温年代际变化比较相似.近47年来,年降水量呈增加趋势,降水量倾向率3.49 mm/10a,年降水量变化的波动较为明显,春、夏季降水量变化不太明显,秋季降水量有明显的减少趋势,冬季降水量上升趋势最明显,对全年降水量上升趋势贡献最大,其次为春季.近47年来,平均日照时数有明显的下降趋势,其变化速率为-21.1 h/10a.年平均风速呈较小的减弱趋势,减少速率仅为-0.08 m/s·10a.     

新疆塔城地区近54年气温变化特征及趋势分析

[目的]分析塔城地区气温的变化特征.[方法]利用塔城、和布克塞尔、托里、乌苏4个典型气象站点1955～2008年的月平均气温资料,运用小波分析、气候趋势系数等方法,对塔城地区气温多时间尺度特征及其未来的变化趋势进行了分析.[结果]塔城地区多年平均气温为5.88℃,气温年际变化相对平稳,变差系数为O.130～O.265,极值比在1.73～3.79;气温序列分布呈现平顶峰型,年均气温相对较为离散.塔城地区气温存在5年、准9年扣准14年的主周期;20世纪70年代处于冷期,平均气温仅为3.77℃,80年代是近54年来最暖年代.均温达8.10℃,90年代以来,相较80年代,塔城地区气温有所下降,但仍高于70年代,预计未来气温仍将会有所升高.塔城地区各区域年及四季平均气温均呈显著升高趋势,冬季升温最明显,幅度达1.15～2.05℃/10a,夏季升温速率最小为0.16～0.45℃/10a,年均气温变化速率为0.40～O.78℃/10a.[结论]塔城地区的气温变化对气候变暖呈现正响应趋势.     

近57年来本溪地区干湿程度演变分析

[目的]分析近57年来本溪地区干湿程度的演变情况.[方法]采用1953～2009年本溪地区的年、季、月气温和降水资料,分析了温度、降水和干湿指标的年代际变化.[结果]本溪地区年平均气温呈上升趋势,其线性倾向率为0.29℃/10 a;而降水量呈明显减少趋势,其线性倾向率为-29.Ol mm/lOa.干湿指数呈波动性减少趋势,其线性倾向率为-33.61 mm/lOa,这与20世纪80年代后温度升高、降水减少是密切相关的.[结论]本溪地区呈暖干化发展趋势.     

近49年辽阳市玉米生长季气候变化特征及其对产量的影响

[目的]分析近49年辽宁省玉米生长季气候变化特征及其对产量的影响.[方法]利用线性趋势模拟、滑动平均等方法,将标准化后的1961～2009年辽阳市玉米播种期、营养生长期及生殖生长期气温、降水、日照等气象资料和玉米单产资料进行对比分析.[结果]近49年玉米生长季各个时期平均气温均呈上升趋势,营养生长和生殖生长期增温明显;降水在播种期变化不大,在营养生长和生殖生长期呈减少趋势;日照在整个生长季均呈减少趋势.无论在哪个生长时期,气温的升高对玉米产量的增加都起到了一定的促进作用;降水和日照的减少是造成近4年玉米小幅减产或增产缓慢的原因.[结论]该研究为政府和农业部门领导科学安排指挥农业生产,充分利用温、光、水资源及准确预报玉米产量提供参考依据.     

重庆高校推进产学研合作的案例分析

以重庆大学、重庆邮电大学和重庆理工大学为例,剖析重庆高校推进产学研合作的基本模式,已经取得的突出成绩,分析总结其基本经验.从完善政策法规体系、强化经济调控、建立组织机构、加强中介建设及开展国际产学研合作等方面,提出了深入推进重庆高校产学研合作的对策建议.     

Benzimidazole resistance in cyathostomes in horses in the Ukraine

The efficacy of treatment with cambendazole was tested in 1-year-old horses on a farm in Dubrovka, Ukraine. Thirty-five horses were treated. Their egg output was compared on the day of treatment and 14 days later with that of 33 untreated horses. Before treatment the mean number of eggs g-1 faeces was 614 in the controls and 766 in horses that had been treated. After 14 days the mean egg output in the controls was 580 and in the treated horses 369. This means a reduction of 54.5%. Only cyathostome larvae could be cultured from faeces collected after treatment. It can be concluded that benzimidazole resistance in cyathostomes is present in the Ukraine.     

Fractures in childhood in Khartoum

A prospective study of fractures in 231 children received at Khartoum North Teaching Hospital(KNTH) was carried out for a period of six months. The incidence of child fracture rated as one per day, then it increased from the age of 5 years onwards in boys and between 6 and 8 years in girls. Most injuries were sustained during the day time, especially between late afternoon and sunset. 82% of injured children presented to a medical facility, while 18% were taken to native healers first. Non-road traffic accidents accounted for 84% of the fractures mainly due to sports, domestic injuries and falls; whereas road traffic accidents were 16% and occurred mainly in pedestrians. Forty three percent of the fractures needed only first aid and splintage while 42% needed closed reduction. Thirty one percent of all patients were treated as inpatients. The long bones were affected in 91% of all fractures, the commonest site being the distal end of the forearm (26%), followed by supracondylar fracture of the humerus (15.6%). In the upper limb, left-sided fractures predominated. The epiphyseal injuries were 3.5% of all fractures, mainly at the distal radial epiphysis. Boys were commonly affected between 13-15 years of age. Open fractures constituted 9.8% of the series and were mainly due to traffic accidents in town dwellers, the most vulnerable bones were those of the leg and foot. Pathological fractures accounted for 2.2% and were due to bone cysts and osteogenesis imperfecta. The problem of child safety and the preventive measures need to be more stressed.     

Heatstroke in runners in Oklahoma

It is a common opinion that general surgery is the first step for whoever approaches a surgical discipline, and that whoever practices training in general surgery should learn the rudiments of each surgical branch. The role of microsurgery in the training of the general surgeon has not been well-established. Clinical applications of microsurgery in general surgery are few and are rarely required, and have been connected strictly to restricted indications. However, we think that microsurgery could be very useful to the general surgeon because it allows the execution of experimental research on rats, the only possibility permitted by law. In these studies the microsurgeon can perform many times and in a short time the same surgical operation, thus improving his skill, and easily getting familiarity with surgical instruments and sutures.     

Apoptosis in experimental myocardial infarction in situ and in the perfused heart in vitro

We report the appearance of apoptotic cells in experimental myocardial infarction (rabbit heart) in in situ and in vitro preparations. Apoptosis was recognized by intravital staining with Hoechst 33342 (Ho342), by nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and by DNA laddering. A steady rise in the relative number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes (apoptotic index) was noted in in situ preparations. Apoptosis was first noted 6 h after the onset of ischemia with its highest value occurring after 72 h. Apoptotic nuclei were absent in remote areas of the left and right ventricles. Apoptotic nuclei within the infarcted area showed diminished intensity of Ho342 fluorescence. Three days after ischemia, a border zone adjacent to the infarcted area consisting of apoptotic macrophages was recognized. A novel finding was the appearance of apoptotic cardiomyocytes in the isolated perfused ischemic heart. Occurring as early as 50 min after the onset of ischemia, a high apoptotic index was present adjacent to the ligature placed around the coronary artery. This observation provides the opportunity to selectively examine factors leading to apoptosis in the ischemic heart under controlled experimental conditions.