大连市作物生长季降水变化及农业旱涝程度分析

[目的]研究近60年大连市作物生长季降水变化及农业旱涝程度.[方法]选取大连市观象台1951～2010年4～10月逐月降水量和平均气温资料,采用线性回归、气候倾向率和干湿指数等方法,仅从作物生长季自然降水趋势变化与农业需水满足程度方面,分析大连市近60年作物生长季降水变化和农业旱涝程度.[结果]近60年来,大连市作物生长季降水量呈下降趋势,倾向率为-15.888mm/10a,60年来降水量减少95.3mm;春季降水略有增加,夏季明显减少,秋季减少幅度较小;各月平均降水量分布非常不均,7、8月降水量明显较多,共占作物生长季降水量的53.8%;4、5、10月平均降水量均低于作物生长季降水量的10.0%.近60年来大连市作物生长季内干湿指数K值平均为0.90,总体属于轻旱气候类型;干湿指数呈下降趋势,气候正朝着偏旱的方向发展;干旱发生频率为59%;春、秋季属于中旱气候类型,夏季总体属于偏湿气候类型;从历年平均看,除7、8月偏湿以上外,其他各月均达到中旱程度.[结论]该研究为地方农业生产、农业结构调整和旱涝灾害防御提供参考.     

近57年来本溪地区干湿程度演变分析

[目的]分析近57年来本溪地区干湿程度的演变情况.[方法]采用1953～2009年本溪地区的年、季、月气温和降水资料,分析了温度、降水和干湿指标的年代际变化.[结果]本溪地区年平均气温呈上升趋势,其线性倾向率为0.29℃/10 a;而降水量呈明显减少趋势,其线性倾向率为-29.Ol mm/lOa.干湿指数呈波动性减少趋势,其线性倾向率为-33.61 mm/lOa,这与20世纪80年代后温度升高、降水减少是密切相关的.[结论]本溪地区呈暖干化发展趋势.     

大连市近59年日照时数变化特征分析

[目的]分析大连市的日照时数变化特征.[方法]利用大连市1951～2009年日照观测资料,采用线性倾向估计法和累积距平法,对大连市日照时数的年代际、年、季、月变化特征进行全面分析.[结果]近59年大连市年代际、年、季、月日照时数均呈减少趋势.20世纪50年代年平均日照时数最多,21世纪以来最少;年平均日照时数最多为1978年,最少为2003年;1989年之前为日照偏多期,之后呈快速减少趋势;四季中,秋季日照时数减少最快,春季减少最慢;月平均日照时数最多的是5月份,12月份最少;各月日照时数减少最快的是6月,仅3月份日照时数呈现增加趋势.[结论]该研究为合理利用光能资源、调整农业生产结构和促进农业经济可持续发展提供科学依据.     

辽宁省近48年降水变化特征研究

[目的]研究辽宁省近48年降水变化特征.[方法]利用1961～2008年辽宁气象观测站的月降水资料,采用一元线性趋势估计、5年滑动平均和小波变换法对辽宁降水变化特征进行分析.[结果]1961～2008年辽宁年降水总体呈减少趋势,各季节变化幅度差异较大;60、70、90年代为多雨期,80年代为少雨期;春季降水年季变幅很大,总体呈上升趋势,其他季节呈减少趋势;降水主要波动周期为7～9年,在7～9年的振荡周期中还包含2～3年的更小震荡周期.[结论]该研究为当地水资源的合理利用及防灾减灾提供科学依据.     

近50年建昌县霜期设施农业生产中光热气候资源变化特征

[目的]研究近50年建昌县霜期设施农业生产中光热气候资源变化特征.[方法]利用近50年建昌县气候资料,采用常规数理统计方法,分析了1960～2009年建昌县霜期光照、气温变化趋势.[结果]1960～2009年建昌县霜期日照时数、日照百分率呈减少趋势,气候倾向率分别为-55.556 h/10 a、-2.39%/10 a,近50年分别减少了278 h和12%;1981、1982年发生了气候跃变,跃变前后日照时数、日照百分率分别减少161 h和7%.霜期气温总体呈升高趋势,平均气温、平均最高、最低气温气候倾向率分别为0.386、0.392和0.567℃/10 a.近50年分别上升了1.93、1.96和2.84℃;1987、1988年发生气温跃变,跃变前后霜期平均气温、平均最高、最低气温分别升高了1.3、1.2和1.7℃.近50年来,建昌霜期光照资源减少,而热量资源增加,形成光热互补.[结论]该研究为当地霜期设施农业的发展提供了气候依据.     

1951～1999年中国降水和气温的SEOF分析

[目的]研究1951～1999年我国降水和气温的季节变化特征.[方法]利用我国气象局提供的160个站1951年1月～1999年2月的月平均降水和气温资料,运用SEOF方法研究了48年我国降水和气温的时空变化特征.[结果]降水的SEOF分析表明,第1模态的SEOF分析表现了我国雨带从南到北的四季推进;从时间系数来看,总体上,20世纪60～70年代我国降水略有减少,70年代后降水是增多的趋势,80年代后降水又是减少的趋势.气温的SEOF分析表明,降水的第1模态和气温的第1模态在空间上配置较好,降水量少的干旱区域,温度变化比较明显,配合时间序列来看,1951～199,年我国气温是偏低;20世纪50年代为低温时期,50～60年代前期气温有所升高,60年代中、后期～70年代初期又进入低温时期,70年代中期至90年代末气温变化相对稳定增大.[结论]该研究为我国气候变化提供理论依据.     

不同土壤水分对滴灌春小麦生长·干物质积累与分配的影响

[目的]为春小麦节水栽培提供理论依据.[方法]以春小麦品种新春22为供试材料,设置3种不同的控水处理(亏缺滴灌、适量滴灌和充分滴灌),研究不同土壤水分条件下小麦产量和干物质的积累与分配特性.[结果]春小麦地上部干物质积累呈"S"型曲线变化,增长速率高峰期出现在挑旗期,直线增长期出现在拔节-抽穗期.土壤水分亏缺造成小麦总干物质积累缓慢,个体营养体弱小,干物质分配以茎秆为中心;土壤水分过量造成小麦营养生长过旺,茎秆和穗部发育不良,产量降低;适量土壤水分处理小麦个体生长稳健,营养生长和生殖生长协调,产量结构优化,水分利用效率(WUE)较高.[结论]适量滴灌可协调小麦营养生长与生殖生长的关系,促进小麦增产.     

近51年气候变化对黑河流域湿地生态环境的影响

[目的]研究气候变化对黑河流域湿地生态环境的影响.[方法]利用1959～2009年黑河流域6个气象台站的气象资料,采用统计分析方法,研究了近51年气候变化对黑河流域湿地生态环境的影响.[结果]近51年来,黑河流域湿地气温、降水呈明显上升趋势,尤其是近20年来增温、增湿趋势更加显著;气候变化使黑河流域地表向干旱化发展的趋势加快,山区尤为显著;与气候密切相关的湿地生态环境也对气候变化作出了响应,具体表现为地下水位上升、湿地面积减少、农业种植结构改变、气象灾害增加、生物多样性遭到破坏等.[结论]该研究对湿地资源的保护和开发具有重要的意义.     

气候变化对平顶山烟叶生产的影响

[目的]研究气候变化对平顶山烟叶生产的影响.[方法]利用1961～2008年平顶山市5个气象代表站的气温、降水以及极端气候事件资料,采用一元线性回归分析法分析近48年平顶山市气候变化特征.[结果]近48年来,平顶山市年平均气温呈波动上升趋势,年平均降水量总体变化趋势不明显;气候变暖导致早涝、大风、冰雹等极端气候事件频发,烟叶病虫害的大面积发生,对烟叶生产造成较大影响.[结论]该研究为合理利用气候资源、防御自然灾害对烟叶生产的不利影响提供了理论依据.     

沈阳沈北新区蔬菜大棚生产期气候变化及气象灾害对策

[目的]研究沈阳沈北新区蔬菜大棚生产期气候变化及气象灾害对策.[方法]利用沈阳沈北新区近38年气象观测资料,采用常规数理统计方法,分析沈北新区蔬菜大棚生产期气候变化,并探讨气象灾害天气的应对措施.[结果]近38年来,沈北新区光照条件一般,冬季平均日照时数较短(551 h),呈缓慢减少趋势,但降幅并不明显;沈北新区蔬菜大棚生产期气温倾向率0.371 ℃/10 a,冬季气温倾向率0.313℃/10 a,气温虽呈升高趋势,但波动幅度较大,让生产管理难以控制;较寒冷期(11～3月)历年降水量、阴天日数呈增加趋势,对蔬菜大棚生产影响较大;低温寡照阴天是该区冬季气候特点,对发展蔬菜大棚产业不利,冬季增加取暖措施有望正常发展.[结论]研究结果可为当地设施农业的发展提供科学依据.     

Benzimidazole resistance in cyathostomes in horses in the Ukraine

The efficacy of treatment with cambendazole was tested in 1-year-old horses on a farm in Dubrovka, Ukraine. Thirty-five horses were treated. Their egg output was compared on the day of treatment and 14 days later with that of 33 untreated horses. Before treatment the mean number of eggs g-1 faeces was 614 in the controls and 766 in horses that had been treated. After 14 days the mean egg output in the controls was 580 and in the treated horses 369. This means a reduction of 54.5%. Only cyathostome larvae could be cultured from faeces collected after treatment. It can be concluded that benzimidazole resistance in cyathostomes is present in the Ukraine.     

重庆高校推进产学研合作的案例分析

以重庆大学、重庆邮电大学和重庆理工大学为例,剖析重庆高校推进产学研合作的基本模式,已经取得的突出成绩,分析总结其基本经验.从完善政策法规体系、强化经济调控、建立组织机构、加强中介建设及开展国际产学研合作等方面,提出了深入推进重庆高校产学研合作的对策建议.     

Apoptosis in experimental myocardial infarction in situ and in the perfused heart in vitro

We report the appearance of apoptotic cells in experimental myocardial infarction (rabbit heart) in in situ and in vitro preparations. Apoptosis was recognized by intravital staining with Hoechst 33342 (Ho342), by nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and by DNA laddering. A steady rise in the relative number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes (apoptotic index) was noted in in situ preparations. Apoptosis was first noted 6 h after the onset of ischemia with its highest value occurring after 72 h. Apoptotic nuclei were absent in remote areas of the left and right ventricles. Apoptotic nuclei within the infarcted area showed diminished intensity of Ho342 fluorescence. Three days after ischemia, a border zone adjacent to the infarcted area consisting of apoptotic macrophages was recognized. A novel finding was the appearance of apoptotic cardiomyocytes in the isolated perfused ischemic heart. Occurring as early as 50 min after the onset of ischemia, a high apoptotic index was present adjacent to the ligature placed around the coronary artery. This observation provides the opportunity to selectively examine factors leading to apoptosis in the ischemic heart under controlled experimental conditions.     

Fractures in childhood in Khartoum

A prospective study of fractures in 231 children received at Khartoum North Teaching Hospital(KNTH) was carried out for a period of six months. The incidence of child fracture rated as one per day, then it increased from the age of 5 years onwards in boys and between 6 and 8 years in girls. Most injuries were sustained during the day time, especially between late afternoon and sunset. 82% of injured children presented to a medical facility, while 18% were taken to native healers first. Non-road traffic accidents accounted for 84% of the fractures mainly due to sports, domestic injuries and falls; whereas road traffic accidents were 16% and occurred mainly in pedestrians. Forty three percent of the fractures needed only first aid and splintage while 42% needed closed reduction. Thirty one percent of all patients were treated as inpatients. The long bones were affected in 91% of all fractures, the commonest site being the distal end of the forearm (26%), followed by supracondylar fracture of the humerus (15.6%). In the upper limb, left-sided fractures predominated. The epiphyseal injuries were 3.5% of all fractures, mainly at the distal radial epiphysis. Boys were commonly affected between 13-15 years of age. Open fractures constituted 9.8% of the series and were mainly due to traffic accidents in town dwellers, the most vulnerable bones were those of the leg and foot. Pathological fractures accounted for 2.2% and were due to bone cysts and osteogenesis imperfecta. The problem of child safety and the preventive measures need to be more stressed.     

Problems in falling in love

Certain patients enter psychoanalysis because of their inability to love another person. Often they report a repetitive erotic pursuit of desired partners, without being able to experience or maintain loving feelings. Kernberg has understood such difficulties as representing effects of early narcissistic disappointments and/or of difficulties in resolving oedipal conflicts. In this paper, Lacanian concepts of the mirror phase and symbolic love are employed to develop these issues. Sexualization of problems in mirroring may be fused with oedipal conflicts in some cases. An extended vignette is presented to illustrate the technical and theoretical issues.     

Botulism in Poland in 1996

A model is presented in which ion translocation through the F0 part of the ATP synthase drives the rotation of the ring of c subunits (rotor) versus the a subunit (stator). The coupling ion binding sites on the rotor are accessible from the cytoplasm of a bacterial cell except for the c subunit at the interface to the stator. Here, the binding site is accessible from the periplasm through a channel formed by subunit a. In the ATP synthesis mode, a coupling ion is anticipated to pass through the stator channel into the binding site of the adjacent rotor subunit, following the electrical potential. Occupation of this site triggers, probably by electrostatic forces, the rotation of the ring. This makes the binding site accessible to the cytoplasm, where the coupling ion dissociates. Simultaneously, this rotation moves again an empty rotor subunit into the contact site with the stator, where its binding site becomes loaded and rotation continues.