宝钢3号烧结机扩容改造实践

对宝钢3号烧结机扩容改造实践进行了总结。3号烧结机扩容改造的主要内容有:烧结机台车改造、烧结机给料装置改造、尾部罩改造、骨架改造、导料槽改造、单辊破碎机密封罩改造、点火保温炉改造、过程检测与自动控制改造等。3号烧结机通过扩容改造,平均生产率达到32．26t/(m2·d),提产幅度达到14．6％,超过烧结机扩容 10％、产能提高10%的预期目标。     

高炉鼓风机风量风压控制系统改造项目的分析与研究

介绍了高炉鼓风机风量风压控制系统改造项目,包括改造目的、改造方案、改造内容、改造的实施过程.分析了改造实施过程中存在的问题,项目技术重点、难点、创新点、技术目标完成情况,并对改造后的经济效益分析及推广应用前景进行了探讨.     

铝冶炼多功能天车的大修及改造分析

叙述铝冶炼多功能天车的大修及改造现状(包括改造内容、流程及改造风险等),分析国内外多功能天车改造项目发展方向和市场未来改造需求。     

城中村改造中的博弈关系分析与应对

介绍了城中村现象概况,运用博弈理论分析了城中村改造过程中各改造主体的博弈关系,揭示了改造过程中的主要利益冲突,并在此基础上提出各改造主体的合理利益,最后以保定市城中村改造为基础,提出了城中村改造的应对策略.     

某金矿竖井改造实践

从竖井改造的必要性、改造论证、施工准备、施工组织管理等环节,介绍某金矿竖井改造的全过程,阐述如何提高竖井改造的施工进度,为类似工程的改造提供参考。     

基于数字化技术的马钢电炉变电所应用实践

通过马钢电炉变电所数字化改造的实践,找到冶金系统变电所数字化改造的途径和方法,总结了冶金系统变电所数字化改造的技术特点,为冶金系统变电所数字化改造提出了可行的改造途径。     

高压变频器在炼轧厂脱硫除尘风机上的应用

通过对酒钢宏兴炼轧厂脱硫除尘风机的高压变频节电改造的介绍,详细叙述了改造的目的、技术方案、改造过程。分析了改造效果及效益评价。最后阐明节能改造的意义。     

中电投山西铝业自备电厂环保综合改造通过验收

正中电投国际矿业公司山西铝业自备电厂3号循环流化床锅炉环保综合改造项目通过忻州市环境监测站环保综合验收。自备电厂3号炉环保综合改造历时21天,先后完成了锅炉风帽及布风装置改造、锅炉旋风分离器提效改造、锅炉炉内受热面防磨改造等工作。改造     

浅谈梅山1422mm热轧改造

主要介绍了梅山1422mm热轧带钢轧机改造前的主要问题、热轧改造的过程和主要内容、改造目的以及改造后达到的水平。     

采用合同能源管理(EMC)模式实施节能改造的实践

简述了合同能源管理模式的概念和特点,以柳钢实施的变频节能改造、水系统节能改造、照明节能改造等介绍了应用合同能源管理模式实施节能改造的效果,并对采用该模式实施节能改造提出建议。     

Nature of the curves of the cranial vault and their relationship with various brain structures

A radiometric investigation for various angles of two dry craniums and of the encephalographic or cerebral arteriographic pictures of 250 subjects has revealed the following facts: The architectural lines of the dome of the skull found by orthogonal projection of the profile, from the front, and in vertical projection, are hyperbolic spirals starting from the base of the skull and converging on the sphenoid. These lines join up in the parietal region forming a hyperbole. The frontal spiral is a simple hyperbolic spiral. The temporal spiral is of the lituus type. The axes of these lines converge in a frontal plane on the epiphysis. The axis of the parietal hyperbole on a projection of the profile passes through the epiphysis and is followed by the parietal artery. Central cranio-encephalic formations follow the same spiral path. The contour of the upper edge of the cerebellum is a lituus spiral. The outline of the lower part of the cerebellum is a simple hyperbolic spiral. The right side of the polar origins of a spiral plotted in the plane of the insula coincides with the right side of the opercula. It can always be plotted, in theory, and forms an angle of 22 degrees 30' with the right side of the median frontal spiral. It cuts the axis of the parietal hyperbole at the apex of the insular triange. The bissector of the angle formed by the two right sides of the polar origins bissects the axis of the parietal hyperbole at a point corresponding to the epiphysis. The temporal hyperbolic lituus spiral has its focal point under the anterior, clinoid, at the junction of the segments CII and CIII of the carotid siphon the curve of which follows the convolutions of the temporal spiral. The right side of the polar origins of this curve indicates the mean direction of the posterior cerebral. The contours of the corpus callosum are homothetic with those of the dome of the skull as far as the axis of the parietal hyperbole. The frontal and parietal curves converge according to four types in the main Pacchionian granulations. The sections of the frontal spiral are often marked by bone abnormalities on the internal table. This analytic test is invariably valid whatever the constants of the spirals or the eccentricities of the hyperboles. Combinations between spirals with different constants and hyperboles of various eccentricities amount to very many types which call for separate study.     

The mechanism of the excitatory action of catecholamines and histamine on the smooth muscle of guinea-pig ureter

1. The ionic mechanism of the excitatory action of catecholamines and histamine on the smooth muscle cells of guinea-pig ureter was studied with the double sucrose-gap method. 2. In normal conditions adrenaline and noradrenaline in a concentration of 10(-5) g/ml., and histamine in a concentration of 10(-6) g/ml., prolonged the duration of the plateau of the action potential and increased the amplitude and duration of the phasic contraction. Sometimes these changes were accompanied by a slight depolarization of the muscle membrane and by a small increase (with noradrenaline) or decrease (with histamine) of the membrane resistance. The amplitude and duration of the fast spike component of the action potential were not changed. 3. Isoprenaline in a concentration of 10(-5) g/ml. either caused no change or it decreased the duration of the plateau, reduced the amplitude of contractions and reduced excitability. 4. Tetraethyl ammonium (TEA; 5 mM), which blocks the delayed outward K current, did not prevent the increase in the duration of the plateau nor the increase of the amplitude and duration of the contractions by noradrenaline and histamine. 5. In Na-free or in K-free solution or in the presence of ouabain, i.e. in conditions in which the Na-gradient across the membrane was reduced, noradrenaline and histamine were unable to increase the duration of the plateau and the amplitude and duration of the contraction. 6. In the presence of Mn2+ (2 mM) which suppressed the spike component of tha action potential and the phasic contraction, theeffects of noradrenaline and histamine were almost abolished. 7. The results suggest a dual ionic mechanism of the alpha-action of catecholamines and of the action of histamine on the smooth muscle of ureter: (1) these drugs affect the passive ionic permeability of the membrane in a manner that results in depolarization; (2) they specifically activate the potential-dependent conductance of the slow Na channels, thereby increasing the plateau duration. The increased amplitude and duration of the contraction is the result of their primary effect on the plateau of the action potential.     

Distribution of the interstitial cells of Cajal in the human anorectum

The interstitial cells of Cajal are proposed to have a role in the control of gut motility. The aim of this study was to establish the distribution of interstitial cells of Cajal in the wall of the normal human anorectum. Interstitial cells of Cajal express the proto-oncogene c-kit. Interstitial cells of Cajal were identified in the colon by immunohistochemical staining, using a rabbit polyclonal anti-c-kit antibody. Anorectal tissue was obtained at surgical resection for carcinoma of the colorectum. Density of interstitial cells of Cajal was graded. Statistical analysis was performed using chi2 tests. In the longitudinal and circular muscle layers of the rectum interstitial cells of Cajal were seen in the bulk of the muscle layer. In the intermuscular plane interstitial cells of Cajal encased the myenteric plexus. Interstitial cells of Cajal were found at the inner margin of the circular muscle and in association with neural elements of the submuscular plexus. Within the internal anal sphincter interstitial cells of Cajal were infrequently scattered among the muscle fibres. The density of interstitial cells of Cajal in the internal anal sphincter was significantly lower than that observed in the circular muscle layer of the rectum (P = 0.014). In conclusion, interstitial cells of Cajal are evenly distributed in the layers of the muscularis propria of the rectum, but have a lower density in the internal anal sphincter.     

The sodium-potassium-chloride cotransport of the cell membrane

Discovery and active exploration of the furosemid-sensitive derived-active co-transport of sodium-potassium-chlorine ions took place in the end of 1970-es-1980-es. This transportation mechanism was discovered in various types of cells, both of plant and of animal origin. This review describes properties of the transportation process, which was most comprehensive explored in experiments with erythrocytes, epithelium cells and muscles. The review covers the following properties: anion and cation selectivity of the chlorine transportation, its sensitivity to the specific blocking agents (furocemid, bumetanid, etc.), stoichiometry of the transportation process, etc. For energy source, the chlorine transportation is based on transmembrane electrochemical gradient for sodium ions. The article provides the most recent results of investigation of the chemical nature of the molecule of the chlorine membrane transport. Based on various studies, the molecule of this protein weighs from 120 to 200 kD, includes about 1200 amino acid residua, and forms long cytoplasmatic NH2 and COOH-termini. The gene encoding the amino acid sequence has been cloned. The article discusses the issues of regulation of the chlorine transportation. Humoral control of intensity of the chlorine transportation has been mostly studied in experiments with plain muscles, the issues related to nervous regulation--with only skeleton muscle fibers. The article provides specific data on the mechanisms of the above types of the physiological regulation of active chlorine transportation. In general, the humoral factors, which increase the intracellular concentration of cAMF stimulate chlorine transportation. On the contrary, the hormones, which increase concentration of cGMF in cytoplasm reduce its activity in plain muscles. The discussion of the mechanisms of the nervous controls of the chlorine transportation in the skeleton muscles includes the original results of the author. These results indicate that the suppressive influence of the motor innervation on intensity of the chlorine transportation involves the non-quantum acetilcholine and glutamate secreted from the motor nerves. These agents produce Ca(2+)-dependent molecules of nitrogen oxide in sarcoplasm, which act in the retrograde mode on the nervous terminal and activate there the synthesis of cGMF. Disruption of this bilateral transsynaptic signalization resulting from cutting a nerve of blocking of its axoflow creates more active chlorine transportation and subsequent de-innervation changes in properties of the muscle fibers. The functions of chlorine transportation, which are best studies as of today and therefore, discussed in more detail in the review, include participation of this process in the regulatory rehabilitation of the volume of various cells in non-isotonic medium, and the role of chlorine transportation in development of a negative charge at the interior side of membrane of the skeleton muscle fibers. The former function essentially means that dehydration of a cell in the hypertonic medium increases activity of the sodium, potassium and chlorine co-transport directed to the cell, resulting in increase of the amount of the osmosis-active cytoplasm material, and inflow of water, which fully restores the cell volume in these conditions. Starting from the pioneer studies by Hodgkin and Horowicz [correction of Hojkin and Gorovits], the role of chlorine ions in forming a charge on the membrane of excited cells has been generally interpreted as exclusively passive. I.e., distribution of these ions over both sides of membrane was assumed as equilibrium with the existing values of the membrane potential in the non-excited state. The review provides data obtained in the recent decade, which have proved that the non-excited membrane potential in muscle fibers is co-created by the diffusional potassium and chlorine potential. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)     

The scientific development in dermatology in Germany in relation to the emigration of Jewish dermatologists during national socialism

The anti-semitic laws let to the persecution of the Jews in Germany during the time of National Socialism. About 600 Jewish dermatologists had to suffer from the prohibition of their profession. 63% of them left Germany. The emigrants mainly preferred to move out to the U.S. The policy of coordination and elimination of the National Socialists led to the reappointment of dermatological chairs in universities. The National Socialists also forced the change in the boards of dermatological societies and the change of the editorial boards of dermatological journals. All papers of the three leading dermatological journals were analysed for the evaluation of the development of science. The assessment included the number of articles, the origin of the authors and the contents of articles (research, clinics, diagnostic, therapy). From 1933 to 1945 the number of papers per year decreased consequently, especially during the Second World War. During the whole time the number of German authors increased and the number of abroad living authors decreased. There was a very good and interesting international exchange of information in the journal "Archiv für Dermatologie und Syphilis". The activity reduced clearly after the beginning of the Second World War in 1939. The analysis of contents resulted in a reduction of basis science research and an orientation to the clinical research. Papers about therapeutical possibilities were always published. The emigration of Jewish dermatologists led to a continuous reduction of scientific activities and to an extensive international isolation.     

Peculiarities of cosmonauts fauces flora]

In the course of the work done the specific and quantitative composition of the streptococcal autoflora of the fauces of the cosmonauts and the members of backup drew was investigated. In populations of isolated microorganisms the non-pathogenic streptococci have dominated among which S. salivarius prevailed. The same species has constantly been isolated in all the cosmonauts, pre- and postflight. Observation of the microflora state of the fauces at different stages of their professional activity made it possible to reveal the peculiarities of an individual dynamics in the number of nonpathogenic streptococci isolated from tampon depending on the participation of the test-subjects in the previous space missions. This is evidently a reflection of the effect of psychoemotional tension on the state of colonization resistance (CR) of the fauces mucosa and, as result of this, on its microflora. In turn, the occurrence of the individual species of conditionally-pathogenic streptococci after the mission points to a decrease in the CR under effect of unfavourable factors of space mission.     

Metal structures of blast furnaces

This article describes several types of support systems for the load-bearing structures of blast furnaces and their auxiliary equipment. A detailed discussion is presented of systems of the Czechoslovakian type. The lower part of such systems consists of a three-dimensional framework resting on four columns having a certain modulus. Supporting beams are located at the level of the casting platform and are suspended from other beams installed above the bustle pipe. One important advantage of this furnace design is that the combined weight of the auxiliary equipment and the load-bearing structures is divided between the four-column system and the furnace proper. This is convenient from a static viewpoint and significantly reduces the loads on the structure. One advantage of the proposed type of load-bearing system is that the weight of the furnace and the auxiliary equipment is evenly distributed over the entire area of the foundation slab. The proposed system can be used on all types of furnaces. Another advantage of the Czech system is that it affords safe access to the equipment located in the bottom part of the furnace. During the reconstruction of blast furnaces, the upper part of the furnace can be suspended on the four-column system while the bottom of the furnace is being replaced. __________ Translated from Metallurg, No. 7, pp. 54–56, July, 2006.     

戈塘金矿房柱法开采围岩稳定性分析

戈塘金矿矿体厚度变化较大,地质条件复杂。为科学设计井下采场参数,分析采空区顶板的破坏机理及矿柱的承载机理,指导矿山安全生产,以戈塘金矿为研究对象,设计了采场参数,分析了采场围岩稳定性。通过理论计算,采用房柱法开采时,推荐矿柱尺寸为3 m×3 m,矿房跨度不超过10 m;利用有限元软件Phase2对留设不同宽高比的矿柱时采场围岩的稳定性进行了数值模拟分析。结果显示:矿柱内部出现应力集中,采空区顶底板、岩帮为应力降低区域;随着矿柱宽高比的增大,采空区边界附近的应力水平和位移降低,矿柱内应力集中得到缓解,变形量降低。综合分析认为,矿柱宽高比对采场围岩稳定性有一定影响,保持矿柱宽高比约为0.500,可以较好地维持采场稳定。     

Pathologichohistological skin changes in red-backed mice parasitized by larvae of the trombiculid mite, Neotromibcula pomeranzevi (Trombiculidae)

During the feeding of N. pomeranzevi larvae on their natural hosgs, large-toothed redbacked voles (Clethronomys rufocanues Sandev.), in the skin of the latter are formed tubular structures or stylosomes characteristic of all trombiculids. During the formation of the stylosome the saliva of the mites and the interstitial fluid of the host are supposed to interact. The walls of the stylosome consist of two layers, are homogenous and do not include cellular elements. Around the stylosomes are formed the foci of necrosis and destruction of tissues. Behind the distal ends of the stylosomes are observed light interstitial cavities, which of then contain a great number of cellula relements of lymphoid and epithelioid nature. These cavities serve apparently as a reservoir of nutritive substratum for larvae. The feeding of trombiculids is accompanied by a reactive response of the connective tissue, the hyperemy of the superficial capillaries and the cellular infiltration of the affected area. The mass parasitism of larvae causes the ulceration of the host's skin and on its surface appear crusts from necrotic tissues.     

Dermomyotomal origin of the ribs as revealed by extirpation and transplantation experiments in chick and quail embryos

To elucidate role of the dermomyotome in the formation of the axial skeleton, we performed extirpation and transplantation experiments on the dermomyotomes in chick and quail embryos. When the thoracic dermomyotomes of chick embryos were removed, the intercostal muscles and the distal ribs were deficient, while the proximal ribs were more or less normal. Quail tissues including the dermomyotome, the ectoderm and the medial edge of lateral plate, were transplanted to replace chick dermomyotomes. In these chimeras, the ribs, which would be deficient without the back-transplantation, were recovered. The cells of the recovered part of the ribs as well as the intercostal muscles were derived from the quail transplants. These findings suggest that the distal rib originated from the dermomyotomes and not the sclerotome as previously believed. To localize the origin of the distal rib further, we removed restricted regions of the dermomyotomes along the mediolateral and the rostrocaudal axis. The more lateral the part of the dermomyotomes that we removed, the more distal the part of the ribs affected. On the contrary, when the rostral and caudal edges of the dermomyotomes were removed, only the vertebral ribs showed extensive deficiencies while removal of the middle part between the edges caused less deficiency. The sternal ribs were not deficient in either case, but were extensively affected when the entire lateral edge of dermomyotomes was included in the region removed. We conclude that the lateral edges of the dermomyotomes are the primordia of the sternal ribs, and the rostral and/or caudal edges of the medial part of dermomyotomes are the primordia of the distal part and not of the proximal part of the vertebral ribs.