薄板坯连铸连轧流程Fe-3%Si钢热轧板和常化板织构

在实验室按照薄板坯连铸连轧工艺流程试制了Fe-3%Si硅钢热轧板,采用EBSD和X射线衍射方法观察了A钢和B钢热轧板和常化板的织构组织,分析了α、ε和γ取向线上织构取向密度变化规律。A和B钢热轧板具有相似的{110}〈112〉和、{001}〈110〉和{001}〈010〉和高斯织构组织,A试样表层的晶粒均匀性较差,B试样具有较强的γ织构取向。采用EBSD观察比较了A钢和B钢热轧板和常化板的垂直TD面的EBSD微观织构组织,A钢和B钢常化退火后基本保留了热轧时形成的中心部位的组织,而次表层和表层晶粒发生了再结晶长大,晶粒组织和织构梯度减小,织构主要集中在{001}〈^-1^-10〉和{001}〈0^10〉和之间以及高斯织构上。常化后织构的总体强度下降,高斯强度减弱。试验研究结果为开发薄板坯连铸连轧短流程生产电工钢技术提供理论依据和参考数据。     

Texture of Hot Rolled Strip for Fe-3Si Steel Produced by Thin Slab Casting and Rolling

 Fe-3%Si steel strip was experimental produced by thin slab casting and rolling (TSCR) process in the laboratory. The microstructure and texture of hot rolled strip by different total reduction and rolling schedule was observed through EBSD technique and X-ray diffraction method. The changeable rule of texture density on the α、ε and γ, and fibers was analyzed. When the total reduction was increased from 82.9% to 97.1%,the gradient of microstructure and texture for A steel surface layer and center layer was found, {001}&;#8249;110&;#8250; texture had higher intensity, and {001}&;#8249;110&;#8250; texture was changed to     

CSP制无取向硅钢热轧、常化、冷轧织构的演变

运用EBSD和X射线衍射技术,研究了模拟CSP流程生产无取向硅钢在热轧-常化-冷轧过程中织构的演变。热轧板沿板厚方向应力场和温度场的差异导致由表至中织构锋锐度增高,织构类型存在明显变化,表层主织构为B类纤维织构,次表层为A类纤维织构,中心层为旋转立方织构{001}<110>。常化过程削弱了这种差异性,但中心层仍保留了一定强度的立方织构{001}<100>。冷轧板表层及中心层的主织构均为{112}<110>、{111}<112>,表层织构锋锐度较中心层的强。分析表明热轧、常化、冷轧织构的演变与基体初始织构、组织密切相关。表层、次表层热轧板织构经常化演化成散漫、分布较均匀的织构,中心层主要织构由{001}<-1-10>绕RD逆时针旋转45°演化至{001}<0-10>。冷轧后织构演变为以{223}<110>为主的B类织构和以{111}<112>为主的A类织构。     

薄带连铸取向Fe-6.5％Si钢形变热处理过程组织演化

设计并利用双辊薄带连铸工艺制备出取向Fe- 6. 5%Si钢铸带，研究了热处理工艺对铸态、形变和初次再结晶组织、织构及析出物的影响规律。结果表明，铸带退火可以促进铸态组织中的柱状晶长大，同时增加200nm以下MnS- AlN或MnS- NbN复合析出物的面密度。随着铸带退火温度升高，冷轧组织中变形带宽度以及带内剪切带长度增加，初次再结晶织构中{111}〈112〉组分增强，{110}〈001〉晶粒所占比例增大。铸带退火有助于改善冷轧板高温退火过程中的二次再结晶行为，提升产品磁性能。     

普通取向硅钢轧制过程中组织和织构的演变

借助电子背散射衍射(EBSD)及ZEISS-200MAT金相显微镜对某钢厂普通取向硅钢(CGO)进行研究,研究结果表明:热轧板组织、织构沿板厚方向存在明显的不均匀性,在热轧板表层及次表层发生再结晶,同时存在强度较高的Goss织构,中心层存在较强的{001}110变形织构。冷轧组织均呈纤维状条带组织,一次冷轧后,热轧板中的Goss织构消失,织构主要为α、γ织构,经中间脱碳退火后,α、γ织构强度减弱,并出现一定强度的Goss织构和利于Goss织构发展的{554}225、{332}113等织构,经二次冷轧后,二次冷轧织构类型与一次冷轧织构一致,但织构强度不同。     

含Nb低温取向硅钢热轧板织构及析出物分析

分别采用电子背散射衍射技术(EBSD)、JEM-2100型透射电镜(TEM)研究了Nb元素对取向硅钢热轧板织构和析出物的影响。结果表明:取向硅钢添加Nb元素以后,热轧板中晶粒尺寸相对细小、Goss织构({110}001)含量更高、位向更精准,而且出现了传统取向硅钢热轧板中很难形成的γ取向线织构({111}112和{111}110);透射电镜分析结果显示含Nb实验钢中析出相尺寸更细小而均匀,析出相除了MnS、AlN,还有NbCN,析出相含量增多,同时Nb的加入对细化其他析出物有积极的作用;含Nb取向硅钢中析出相的尺寸越小和体积分数越大,则析出相的抑制力也就越大,从而为形成的γ取向线织构和更高含量的Goss织构提供了有利的条件。     

The Formation of the {112}<111> Shear Texture in Hot-Rolled Sheets of Electrical Steels

Due to the friction between rolls and sheet surface, shear texture inevitably occurs in the surface layer of the hot-rolled sheets in electrical steel. The shear texture contains Goss texture {110}<001>, brass texture {110}<112>, and copper texture {112}<111>. The existence of shear texture and its corresponding microstructure affect the texture distribution in the subsequent normalized sheets, cold-rolled sheets, and final sheets. Electron backscattered diffraction and reaction stress model are used herein to study the formation conditions of {112}<111> orientation in the hot-rolled sheets. The results show that initial rotated cube orientation tends to rotate around transverse direction to the copper orientation during hot rolling due to the shear action. Different shear orientations can be formed in different regions of an initial coarse columnar grain during hot rolling, because of the change in surrounding environment reaction and the difference of the shear strain at different thickness positions. The thinner the hot-rolled sheet is, the smaller the dynamic recrystallization region with shear orientation, and there is almost no copper texture in the thinnest hot-rolled sheet. The simulation results show that the copper texture is easy to form under the action of σ₂₃ and σ₂₂ reaction stresses.     

Precipitation Behavior and Textural Evolution of Cold-Rolled High Strength Deep Drawing Dual-Phase Steels

Low-carbon Cr-Mo micro-alloyed deep drawing dual-phase steels were designed in laboratory. As the microstructure and texture evolution in hot-rolled strips and annealed sheets were investigated using SEM, TEM and XRD technologies, the attribution of solute Mo and MoC particles to DP sheets' drawing capacity was investigated. The precipitation thermodynamics were also calculated by Thermo-calc software. Results show that the precipitates in hot-rolled strips mainly are MoC, AlN and MnS, and with the increase of Mo-addition, finer and denser MoC particles precipitated in matrix and along grain boundaries of ferrite more easily. Weak textures are shown in the hot-rolled strips, and {112}<110> and {223}<110> components tend to be stable in subsequent cold rolling process. During annealing, on one hand, the development of <111> // ND texture is suppressed because finer MoC particles prevent the grain boundary migration. On the other hand, unfavorable texture {001}<110> significantly reduces with Mo increasing, which is attributed to that part of solution C in matrix has been fixed during recrystallization. In addition, the addition of Mo can enhance hardenability strongly and MoC easily re-dissolve at high temperature, which is favor to form martensite in dual-phase steel.     

TSCR试制低碳低硅无取向电工钢织构的演变

 研究了模拟TSCR流程生产的低碳低硅无取向电工钢在热轧-冷轧-退火过程中织构的演变。对热轧板采用EBSD技术进行织构的测定,而对冷轧板和退火板采用X射线衍射技术进行了织构的测定。结果表明：热轧板沿板厚方向织构变化比较明显,在1/10处主要织构为α纤维织构和γ纤维织构;在1/4厚度处出现了较强的γ纤维织构;在1/2厚度处主要为较强的{001}〈110〉织构,其他织构分布漫散。冷轧板表面和中心处主要织构均为α纤维织构和γ纤维织构,但是在中心处两织构强度都显著减弱。退火板表面和中心处α纤维织构基本消失,γ纤维织构织构进一步加强,出现了{110}〈001〉高斯织构和{001}〈010〉立方织构。     

取向硅钢薄带形变再结晶组织及织构演变

利用背散射电子衍射微织构分析技术及X射线衍射织构分析技术,结合对取向硅钢薄带再结晶各阶段退火板磁性能的分析,系统研究了其形变再结晶过程中的组织及织构演变.结果表明,薄带内原始高斯晶粒取向发生绕TD轴向{111}〈112〉的转变,同时晶粒取向还表现出绕RD轴的附加转动,这种附加转动及其导致的表层微弱立方形变组织可为再结晶立方织构的形成提供核心.退火各阶段样品磁性能的变化对应了{110}-{100}〈001〉有益织构及其他织构的强弱转变以及再结晶晶粒不均匀程度的变化,综合织构类型及晶粒尺寸的变化推断发生了二次及三次再结晶过程.升温过程再结晶织构演变主要体现了织构诱发机制,也即与基体存在绕〈001〉轴取向关系的晶粒长大优势结合高斯织构的抑制效应发挥作用;而在高温长时间保温后三次再结晶过程,{110}低表面能诱发异常长大发挥主要作用使得最终得到锋锐的高斯织构.      

后期渗氮工艺制备取向硅钢的组织转变

后期渗氮工艺是一种低温板坯加热生产技术,广泛应用于取向硅钢生产企业。通过金相＋ODF织构分析对工艺各阶段组织进行研究。实验结果表明：热轧及常化织构板沿板厚方向分布不均匀,{110}＜001＞织构在距热轧板表面1/4厚度处分布最强;冷轧板织构主要是α线和γ线织构;脱碳退火后α线织构大量减弱,{111}＜112＞织构得到加强,而渗氮后织构变化不明显。二次再结晶组织大晶粒内部出现少量小尺寸的孤岛小晶粒,{001}＜100＞位向孤岛小晶粒是 Goss晶粒无法吞并的。     

CSP流程试制50W270高牌号无取向硅钢织构的演变

研究了CSP流程试制50W270高牌号无取向硅钢热轧→常化→冷轧→退火过程中织构的演变.利用电子背散射衍射技术对全流程织构进行测量和分析.发现热轧板织构在厚度方向上存在较大差异,表层主要为铜型、黄铜和高斯织构,1/4层存在微弱的高斯织构和旋转立方织构,中心层以γ纤维织构和旋转立方织构为主,还含有较弱的α纤维织构.与热轧板相比,常化板表层和1/4层织构变化不大,中心层旋转立方织构和α纤维织构增强.冷轧板各层均具有α纤维织构和γ纤维织构.与冷轧板相比,成品板各层中α纤维织构基本消失,还出现了立方织构和高斯织构.      

铜含量对TSCR工艺生产取向硅钢热轧织构的影响

 取向硅钢热轧板中织构梯度对发展完善的二次再结晶十分关键,通过添加Cu可以显著降低取向硅钢板坯加热温度,从而影响热轧板织构分布。本文利用X射线衍射仪,分析了实验室模拟薄板坯连铸连轧（TSCR）工艺的3种不同Cu含量的取向硅钢热轧板织构。结果表明：不同Cu含量热轧板表面到厚度1/4处均为弱的热轧织构,热轧板心部主要为{100}面织构;Cu含量约在0.4%时,热轧板次表层的{110}<001>织构比例最高,而热轧板心部的{100}<110>织构比例最低;Cu含量对热轧织构中{114}<110>和{001}<100>织构发展有显著影响。     

Microstructure and crystallographic texture of strip-cast and hot-rolled austenitic stainless steel

The microstructure and texture of a strip-cast as well as a hot-rolled austenitic stainless steel (18 pct Cr, 8.5 pct Ni) are investigated by the use of optical metallography and quantitative X-ray texture analysis. In the hot band, a homogeneous microstructure is revealed together with a through-thickness texture gradient consisting of a weak cold rolling type of texture in the center layer and a shear texture close to the surface layers. The result is discussed in terms of the through-thickness shear profile that is generated during hot rolling. In the strip-cast material, a random orientation distribution as well as the development of martensite close to the center layer is attributed to the impingement and deformation of the films that are solidified on the surfaces of the casting rolls. The texture close to the surface is attributed to the growth selection of {001}〈uvw〉 oriented grains.     

CSP-低碳钢DC03冷轧板的组织和织构

研究了CSP工艺生产的0.04%C低碳钢DC03 2.9 mm热轧基板、0.9 mm的冷轧板和退火平整板的组织与织构。结果表明,热轧基板组织为铁素体+少量沿晶界分布的珠光体,铁素体基体中有少量40～100 nm MnS粒子,没有观察到AlN;冷轧板组织为含大量位错的带状铁索体-珠光体,{111}织构的择优取向较明显;退火平整板组织为铁素体和游离渗碳体,并观察到10～30 nm的析出相,{111}织构轴密度达5.15,{100}轴密度减为0.61。     

高硅钢近柱状晶初始组织的形变、再结晶行为及磁性能

采用电子背散射衍射技术对高硅钢近柱状晶初始组织直接热轧、温轧、冷轧和退火组织及织构演变进行分析,并测定相应退火板的磁性能.该实验条件下组织与织构演变规律体现了表层剪切细小组织和中心层粗大组织的竞争关系,其中中心层组织与原始立方取向相关或表现为α线取向.柱状晶的影响在最终退火组织中仍存在,少量立方取向区域可遗传到最终退火板中,虽然没有大量出现,仍有效削弱了{111}织构.形变退火过程中与原始立方取向线有关的晶粒尺寸普遍较大,有利于磁性.样品最终的磁感应强度低于文献报导的强{120}〈001〉或{100}〈021〉织构样品,但高于普通无取向高硅钢,且轧向和横向磁感应强度值差异小,所以柱状晶组织有利于无取向高硅钢的制备.      

无抑制剂取向硅钢的再结晶织构与析出物

采用无抑制剂法制备取向硅钢,并采用XRD、TEM等方法对无抑制剂取向硅钢热轧到初次再结晶阶段的织构与析出物进行了研究。实验结果表明,热轧板的织构主体为γ线织构,并含有少量的立方织构{100}001和Goss织构{110}001;常化后立方织构{100}001减弱,织构的主体为γ线织构;初次再结晶退火后织构主要由γ线织构及少量的α线织构组成。通过对第二相质点的观察发现,析出物主要由铁的氧化物和硅的氧化物组成,均不是抑制剂,说明该取向硅钢并不是依靠第二相质点来抑制初次再结晶晶粒长大的。     

CSP生产无取向电工钢的组织和性能

 研究了采用CSP流程生产的无取向电工钢的金相组织、第二相粒子分布、磁性能。结果表明,采用CSP流程生产的无取向电工钢热轧板成品均为均匀粗大的等轴晶;热轧板中第二相粒子平均尺寸在150 nm左右,且随(Si+Al)含量的增加,第二相粒子的类型发生明显的变化;CSP流程生产的无取向电工钢磁性能得到明显的提高。     

Correlation Between Pre-annealing Temperature and {110}〈001〉 Annealing Texture in C- and Al-Free Fe-3 Pct Si-0.1 Pct Mn-0.002 Pct S Electrical Steel

In C- and Al-free electrical steel, the increase in primary grain size with increasing pre-annealing temperature causes the transition in annealing texture after final annealing from {110} + {100} to {110}. The strip pre-annealed at 1073 K (800 °C) shows a low magnetic induction B₈(T) of 1.784 T after final annealing. The strip pre-annealed at 1223 K (950 °C) shows a sharp {110}〈001〉 Goss texture, producing a high magnetic induction B₈(T) of 1.914 T comparable to that of the conventional electrical steels.     

不同冷轧压下量对亚稳态奥氏体不锈钢00Cr17Ni7织构的影响

 采用X射线衍射技术(XRD)研究了不同冷轧压下量对亚稳态奥氏体不锈钢00Cr17Ni7织构的影响,分析了亚稳态奥氏体不锈钢00Cr17Ni7中马氏体相和奥氏体相的织构变化情况。研究结果表明,不同冷轧压下量下,00Cr17Ni7中的奥氏体相织构主要由Brass{110}<112>、Goss{110}<001>和少量的Copper{112}<111>、S{123}<634>组成,并且随着压下量的增加Brass和Goss织构强度显著提高;同时马氏体相织构主要以{115}<110>、{112}<110> 、{111}<112>、{332}<113>组成,织构的形成主要归因于“Kurdjumov-Sachs取向关系”和“体心立方金属轧制织构类型演变的特点”共同作用的结果。