工业循环冷却水中微生物的危害及控制

为了工业循环水安全、有效运行，必须消除微生物的危害，应对循环水中微生物进行严格控制。水中加氯控制微生物是一个有效的方法。但由于工业循环水的PH值大部分在8—9之间运行，因此用氯杀菌灭藻不适宜。当前利用二氧化氯控制微生物是简单、安全、经济、有效的方法。     

氯和二氧化氯用作冷却水系统杀生剂的比较

在高循环倍数下运行的循环冷却水，均有高的ｐＨ值，致使氯气杀生率大大下降。在碱性条件下推广使用二氧化氯具有杀菌效果好、不与水中某些有机物反应生成致癌物质、不造成环境污染等。能够取得更佳的技术、经济、环境和社会效益。     

二氧化氯浸金简化工艺研究

采用二氧化氯-氯化钠-水作为浸取剂,对焙烧后的碳质金矿石进行了简化浸金工艺试验研究。在综合考虑二氧化氯制备、浸金两个主反应及其二氧化氯的稳定保存条件的基础上,利用反应物间传质特点,提出简化试验装置,将二氧化氯制备与浸金两个反应融合在一个反应器中进行。整个制备浸取过程在避光密闭的容器中进行,最大限度地降低了二氧化氯的损耗。在试验取得的最佳条件下,金回收率达到96.6%。     

传统腌腊鱼制品生产中的HACCP体系建立

根据HACCP体系建立的基本原则,对传统食品腌腊鱼制品的生产工艺流程中各环节进行危害分析,确立了原料验收、腌制、烘干、杀菌、金属探测为关键控制点,并建立了HACCP模式,为优质、安全地生产腌腊鱼提供了保障.     

微波的杀菌机理及应用

本文对微波的杀菌机理、特.点及脉冲微波杀菌在食品工业中的应用等作了分析.大量的实验研究表明,微波杀菌是一种安全、可靠、高效的杀菌方式.在此基础上,对目前微波杀菌中的一些问题进行了探讨和展望.     

电解铝厂生产、生活污水零排放的实践

对于电解铝厂的生产、生活污水,在原处理工艺的基础上,新增处理水杀菌消毒工序,实现了处理水的厂内循环使用和污水零排放.     

二氧化氯消毒在废水处理中的应用分析

确定了医院废水采用二氧化氯进行消毒。具有消毒效果好、符合污染物国家一级排放标准（GB8978—1996）、运行费用低等特点。本实践给同类污水消毒，提供了借鉴作用。     

净水站制水消毒工艺的改进

杭钢净水站使用二氧化氯替代液氯消毒，降低了制水过程的风险，提高了制水的自动化水平，改善了出水水质，取得了良好的生产效益、安全效益和环保效益。     

二氧化氯与氯气在饮用水消毒方面的应用比较

从饮用水安全性、消毒效果等方面介绍了二氧化氯与氯气优缺点,并最终认定二氧化氯将是替代氯气在生活饮用水的最佳选择。     

黄铁矿法制备非稳定性二氧化氯最佳工艺研究

本文介绍了黄铁矿在酸性介质中还原氯酸钠制备非稳定性二氧化氯的新工艺,研究得出了最佳工艺条件,找到了各影响因素与二氧化氯的纯度和产率之间的关系,确定了各影响因素的主次关系。该项研究为进一步的工艺研究和以后的工业化生产以及充分利用本土有色金属资源打下了坚实的基础。     

Patient selection for lung transplantation from the aspect of internal medicine

Disinfectants called by producers stabilized chlorine dioxide (ClO2) are most often composed of sodium carbonate aqueous solution and ClO2. Stability is due to sodium chlorate which is produced under these conditions. Solutions of active ClO2 obtained through acidification of the preparation with citric acid and an appropriate water dilution are used in disinfection. Then, free ClO2 becomes an active disinfecting factor--a gas of strong irritative properties. During a disinfecting process the gas is liberated from the solution due to pulverization and dryness of disinfected objects. The study indicated that the safety of work with disinfectants requires mechanical ventilation of working premises. The transformation of stabile ClO2 into an active form should be induced by adding an appropriate volume of the stabilising preparation to citric acid solution. Such a procedure assures that a maximum of gaseous ClO2 will be retained in water.     

Effect of ClO2 Pretreatment on Subsequent Water Treatment Processes

The effect of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) pretreatment on subsequent treatment processes (coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and ozonation) was studied at pilot-scale at the Upper San Leandro Water Treatment Plant near Oakland, Calif. Potential impacts of ClO2 on the distribution system were also studied at bench scale using simulated distribution system (SDS) tests. Pilot trials were conducted with one train operating without ClO2 pretreatment (Train 1) and the other with a ClO2 dose of between 0.6 and 1.0?mg/L (Train 2). Comparison between Trains 1 and 2 showed that ClO2 pretreatment resulted in a 0.1–0.2 NTU decrease in settled water turbidity when compared to no pretreatment. ClO2 pretreatment also resulted in a small (0.01?cm?1) decrease in ultraviolet absorbance at 254?nm. Following sedimentation, about 60% of the applied ClO2 formed chlorite (ClO2?), with 10–20% forming chlorate (ClO3?). Ozonation immediately converted all residual ClO2 and ClO2? to ClO3?. There was no significant difference in the performance of the filters between the two trains in terms of headloss, particle count, and turbidity. Bench-scale SDS tests indicated that chlorine dioxide preoxidation did not affect subsequent chloramine stability or concentrations of trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, or adsorbable organic halides in the distribution system.     

Cl2,ClO2用作冷却水系统杀生剂的比较

对工业冷却水在碱性条件下运行，用氯和二氧化氯作冷却水系统杀生剂各自的特点及使用实例作了详细比较，说明后者取代前者具有很多优越性。     

Synthesis and Fluorescence Property of Eu^3 ＋ , Tb^3＋ Perchlorate Complexes with Diphenyl Sulfoxide and 1,10-Phenanthroline

Eu3 ,Tb3 canemitfluorescenceinconjugatedsystemcontainingorganicligand[1,2 ] ,forexample ,1 ,1 0 phenanthroline ,becauseithasbettercoordina tionabilityandbiggerconjugationsystem ,soitcantransmitenergyeffectivelytoEu3 ,Tb3 ,leadingtofluorescenceemission ,andthestabilityisveryhigh ,butsolubilityisverypoor .Inaddition ,diphenylsul foxidehasbettercoordinationabilityandbiggerconju gationsystem ,too .Soitcanalsotransmitenergyef fectivelytoEu3 ,Tb3 ,resutlinginfluorescencee mission ,andsolubi…     

Industrial hygiene aspects of a sampling survey at a bleached-kraft pulp mill in British Columbia

To validate exposure estimates used to investigate correlations between exposure and cancer risk, 1678 personal measurements were collected for 46 job titles during 73 day shifts at a bleached-kraft pulp mill. Measurements included shift-long average and short-term exposures to carbon monoxide, chlorine dioxide (ClO2), and hydrogen sulfide; and shift-long average exposures to calcium oxide and wood dust (WD). Overall results indicate low levels of exposure with a few noteworthy exceptions. Although ClO2 was the exclusive bleaching agent, 77 area samples indicated that chlorine (Cl2), not ClO2 was present in all areas apart from the chemical preparation area (chem-prep) and during a pulp spill. The highest shift-long exposures to Cl2 were measured in the chip yard and are attributed to uncontrolled stack emissions. Finally, WD samples collected from several laborers significantly exceeded regulatory limits, with the highest exposures measured in the steam and recovery area. For short-term exposures to ClO2 in chem-prep, 12 of 17 data-logging electro-chemical sensor sample results showed at least one peak that exceeded the short-term exposure limit of 0.3 ppm. The use of data-logging equipment quantified short-term exposures that previously had been characterized only anecdotally. The peaks were correlated with tasks and upset conditions and, given their transient nature, these exceedances could not have been detected using shift-long average-based sampling devices. Since the respiratory effects of significant short-term exposures to irritant gases such as Cl2 and ClO2 are well-documented, data-logging instruments are necessary to characterize exposures in the pulp and paper industry.     

稀土脯氨酸高氯酸盐配合物[RE_2(Pro)_6(H_2O)_4](ClO_4)_6(RE=Pr,Er)的低温热容及热力学性质

合成了两种纯度分别是 99.2 4%和 98.2 0 %的单晶稀土脯氨酸高氯酸盐配合物 [Pr2 (Pro) 6 (H2 O) 4](Cl O4) 6 和 [Er2 (Pro) 6 (H2 O) 4](Cl O4) 6 ,对该配合物进行了热容、热重、差热和标准燃烧热等测定。在 78～ 370 K温度区 ,用高精密全自动绝热量热仪测定了热容值 ,计算机拟合得其热容对温度的多项式方程分别为 :Cp=140 7.0 8 75 1.6 7X 170 .17X2 89.5 9X3- 76 .11X4和 Cp=1317.99 6 33.0 5 X 16 3.82 X2 15 0 .2 3X3- 86 .2 1X4,[Er2(Pro) 6 (H2 O) 4](Cl O4) 6 的 Cp- T曲线有一熔化峰 ,计算熔点为 35 5 .5 5 K,熔化熵为 6 9.5 42 J/(K m ol) ,熔化焓为2 472 5 .81J/m ol。 TG、DTA技术研究了其热分解过程 ,初步分析了配合物的分解机理。燃烧热实验给出了它们的标准燃烧热分别为 1772 0 .41k J/mol和 1810 1.6 5 k J/m ol     

硫酸亚铁-二氧化氯法处理高质量浓度含氰废水

试验研究了硫酸亚铁-二氧化氯处理含氰废水的方法,在高质量浓度含氰废水中,先加八硫酸亚铁处理后,过滤,再加入二氧化氯进行二次废水处理。该方法节省了反应单元,过滤时氰的质量浓度已达到排放标准,改善了操作环境,提高了铁蓝的质量。     

活性炭负载铁盐去除水中高氯酸盐

选用5种不同的铁盐对活性炭进行改性,采用浸润法制备活性炭负载铁盐的复合材料(GAC-Fe),并运用X射线衍射(XRD)和红外光谱(FTIR)对材料GAC-Fe进行表征。考察了在不同pH值和初始浓度条件下高氯酸盐的去除效果,分析了吸附等温模型和吸附动力学,并探讨反应机理。结果表明,活性炭负载FeCl₃制备的复合材料对ClO₄-的效果去除最好,去除效率达97 %;ClO₄-的去除效果在中性和弱偏酸性条件下较好,吸附等温实验表明Langmuir模型优于Freundlich模型描述复合材料(GAC-Fe)对ClO₄-吸附过程;吸附动力学结果表明复合材料(GAC-FeCl₃)对ClO₄-的吸附更加符合准二级动力学方程。      

Thermochemical Properties of Ternary Complexes of RE Perchlorate withGlycine and Imidazole

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应用化学氧化法处理湿式煤气柜水封水

根据水封水综合治理的重要性,提出化学氧化法利用ClO2发生器对气柜污水进行综合处理的方法,经实践证明可行并取得一定经济效益。