连铸中间包不断流更换定径水口技术的应用

广钢集团电炉炼钢厂（以下简称电炉厂）采用连铸中间包定径水口不断流快速更换技术，可在0．1s内将定径水口更换完毕。更换后上、下水口的中心线误差小于0．1mm，避免了水口烧坏、浸蚀过大造成的拉速过快及漏钢事故，稳定了拉速，连铸坯合格率由98．22％提高到99．81％。     

板坯连铸结晶器内钢液表面流速的水模型研究

以承德钢铁厂板坯连铸结晶器为原型,采用1∶1的水模型进行试验,研究了拉速、浸入式水口出口角度、水口浸入深度、水口底面结构及结晶器断面宽度等工艺参数对板坯结晶器内表面流速的影响。结果表明:拉速对表面流速的影响最大,随着拉速的提高,结晶器内钢液表面流速明显增大,当断面宽度为1 650 mm,拉速由0.7 m/min提高到1.4 m/min,表面流速由0.04 m/s提高到0.1 m/s;波浪面结构的浸入式水口表面流速效果最优。     

中间包定径水口塞棒式快换复合浇注技术的开发

塞棒控流模式拉速稳定,但控流功能寿命短。定径水口快换控流模式虽可延长中间包寿命,但其拉速在一定范围内变化较大。济南麦哈勃冶金技术公司将塞棒控流技术引入定径水口快速更换技术,使二者有机结合,发挥各自优势,开发了中间包塞棒式定径水口快换复合浇注技术。该技术整体性能优良,用于优质钢、合金钢生产,既保证了铸机拉速平稳,又延长了中间包寿命。     

一键式浸入式水口更换系统在首钢京唐连铸机的应用

炼钢连铸生产中结晶器浸入式水口在线更换时,人工方式操作存在作业环境差、操作繁琐、难以保证结晶器液位稳定等问题,为此,在首钢京唐钢铁联合有限责任公司连铸机项目中设计并投用了一键式浸入式水口更换系统,以实现根据计算板坯长度,准确判定合适的水口更换时机并自动完成更换的功能,同时通过适当调节结晶器液位和板坯拉速,最大限度降低液位波动,保证了连铸生产的稳定和成品质量。     

连铸结晶器内钢液流场的水模型研究

采用1:1水模型研究了260 mm×300 mm坯连铸结晶器中钢液在拉速0.5～0.8 m/min、浸入深度90～120 mm和5种水口结构时的流场。试验结果表明,合理的水口结构有利于降低冲击深度,现有的直筒型水口过大,优化后的水口可使冲击深度降低30%～40%;随拉速增大,冲击深度增加,而浸入深度对冲击深度影响不大。     

连铸中间包定径水口不断流快速更换技术

本文介绍地连铸中间包定径水口不断流快速更换技术的特点、优越性以及在莱钢的应用。定径水口的更换过程可在0.1秒内进行完毕,更换后上下水口的中心线误差小于0.1mm。     

中薄板坯连铸结晶器钢/渣界面行为数值模拟

利用VOF（volume of fluid）方法和Lagrangian离散模型模拟了厚度为135mm中薄板坯连铸结晶器内的钢液流动及钢／渣界面波动行为,分析了结晶器宽度、水口浸入深度、水口侧孔倾角、拉速和吹氩对结晶器内钢液流动和液面波动的影响规律．结果表明：钢液从三孔浸入式水口流入结晶器后形成上、下三个回流区;吹氩使结晶器上回流区靠近水口附近形成二次涡流;在一定拉速下,增加水口侧孔倾角和浸入深度均能有效抑制钢／渣界面波动;增加拉速和在一定拉速下增加结晶器宽度均将加剧液面波动．     

水冷水口内钢液凝固前沿的模拟计算研究

为了降低钢液的过热度,设计了一种水冷水口,使它能够应用在实际生产中.根据模拟计算结果发现,在拉速一定的条件下,过热度和冷却强度对钢液的凝固前沿有着显著的影响.应用此水冷水口有合适的过热度和冷却强度.     

太钢二炼钢结晶器液面波动的水模拟研究

对太钢二炼钢结晶器进行了水模拟实验,研究了水口倾角、水口浸入深度及拉速对结晶器液面波动的影响.根据实际生产情况,实验中拉速取值0.8 m/min、0.85 m/min、0.9 m/min;倾角取值10.、12.、15.;浸入深度取值60～160 mm(间隔20 mm).研究发现水口倾角、拉速对结晶器液面波动的影响较小,水口浸入深度对结晶器液面波动的影响较为显著,根据试验结果,将水口浸入深度由110mm调整为130 mm,OCrl8Ni9不锈钢冷轧板降级比例从6.38%降低到了4.80%.     

高拉速板坯连铸结晶器浸入式水口的水模型研究

利用染料示踪法,采用波高传感器和旋桨式流速仪在全比例水模型中研究了四种浸入式水口(A型:凹型,15°(上角度)-15°(下角度);B型:凸型,15°-15°;C型:凹型,40°-15°,D型:凸型,40°-15°)下板坯连铸结晶器内的流场和液面特征.发现采用凹型水口时结晶器液面的波动与表面流速均小于凸型水口.凹型水口F的表面流速变化的功率(频率为0.03~0.1Hz)比凸型水口小约50%,所以凹型水口更有利于减少结晶器内卷渣的发生.在高拉速条件下(拉速为1.8m·min-1,较大的水口出口上角度有利于抑制水口出口流股的漩涡流,进而减少剪切卷渣的发生.四种水口中C型水口条件下结晶器液面的表面流速最小,约为0.27m·s-1,为提高拉速留有较大余地,所以适合高拉速连铸的最佳浸入式水口为C型.      

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

参与式农业基地建设行动方案设计

为了编制实用性强的基地建设行动方案,首先,确定参与式发展的主体,搭建一个"决策框架";其次,针对行动目标,提出不同参与主体,如管理者、农民、消费者等团队与个人的目标及行动内容;最后,工作应向重塑伙伴式合作关系,挖掘农民自我发展潜力,完成三大角色的转换,打造农业基地文化等方向推进.