球团竖炉热工操作参数确定

研究了竖炉的操作参数与竖炉利用系数之间的关系,提出了影响竖炉热工操作参数的三个层面,阐述了竖炉在某个利用系数下,适宜操作参数的确定,对指导竖炉的生产和设计有重大意义。     

竖式移动床内气固传热实验研究

为了确定球团竖炉生产能力(利用系数)与结构和操作参数之间的定量关系，以球团竖炉利用系数为目标，用热成像仪分析竖式移动床内气固传热规律，研究了料层中火焰穿透深度、焙烧加热高度和结构与操作参数之间的关系。     

导风墙-干燥床式球团竖炉利用系数研究

建立了导风墙-干燥床式球团竖炉的丁燥、预热焙烧、均热以及冷却过程数学模型，得出了球团竖炉本体高度的计算式。由于竖炉球团工艺是球团的干燥、预热焙烧、均热以及冷却过程的集成，焙烧能力要求必须有与之间步的干燥能力，研究得到了球团坚炉利用系数与其结构和操作参数之间的关系，可为球团竖炉设计与操作提供参考。     

球团竖炉的利用系数研究

利用过程集成的方法,对球团竖炉的干燥带进行了热量和质量衡算,根据球团竖炉利用系数的定义,考虑了影响球团竖炉利用系数的关键因素,建立了球团竖炉利用系数与竖炉结构及操作参数的定量关系式,得到球团竖炉利用系数与干燥床与焙烧带的面积比以及冷、热风与球团矿的热流比呈正比,导风墙与干燥床面积比与冷却风与球团矿的热流比之比至少为0．1624,球团矿的粉化是影响竖炉内气体流动的关键因素。     

球团竖炉结构和操作参数设计原则

 围绕球团竖炉结构和操作参数与竖炉产量之间的关系，分析了焙烧带宽度和火口中心线上料层高度与竖炉产量之间的关系，提出了竖炉结构和操作参数的设计原则。研究表明，竖炉产量并非随焙烧带宽度和火口中心线上料层高度的增加而一味增加，焙烧带宽度和火口中心线上料层高度均存在最佳值；根据竖炉的焙烧工艺和经验数据初步确定竖炉的结构和操作参数，然后根据炉内气体流动是否合理来调节结构和操作参数，最后根据炉内球团运动是否顺畅来进一步调节结构和操作参数。     

球团竖炉预热焙烧带内传热强化的试验研究

以提高球团竖炉利用系数为目标，用热成像仪透视球团竖炉预热焙烧带内气固传热现象，研究焙烧方式与球团竖炉生产能力（利用系数）的关系。结果表明，一定压力的风机对应竖炉存在一个适宜的料层高度；双面焙烧或双层焙烧是提高球团竖炉利用系数的有效措施之一。     

影响球团竖炉利用系数的因素分析

在竖炉炉型结构一定的条件下，对影响竖炉生产指标（球团竖炉的利用系数）的因素进行分析，找出球团竖炉的利用系数及操作参数（风压、风量、炉内压力、炉内温度、炉内氧气含量等）以及球团质量、单位能耗之间的变化规律，为球闭竖炉高效化生产技术攻关打下坚实的基础。     

球团竖炉预热焙烧过程解析

对球团竖炉的预热带、焙烧带解析得到，影响球团竖炉利用系数的主要因素是焙烧风与球团矿的气、固热流比，以及焙烧风中氧气的含量。在生产条件允许的情况下，尽可能提高进入炉内的焙烧风流量以及氧含量，是提高竖炉利用系数的有效措施。设法增加进入炉内的焙烧风流量以及氧含量是竖炉生产亟待研究解决的问题。     

一种新型钒氧化钠化焙烧竖炉的研究

借鉴钢铁领域球团矿焙烧竖炉提出了一种新型钒钛磁铁矿或石煤氧化钠化焙烧竖炉,得出了焙烧竖炉的结构形式;在此基础上,确定了焙烧竖炉的结构与操作参数,并进行了实例分析.研究结果表明:这种新型焙烧竖炉具有炉内气氛温度可控性好、能耗低、初始投资小等优点,是一种技术可靠、经济可行的新型钒钛磁铁矿或石煤高效焙烧设备.     

涞钢球团竖炉炉型的改造

球团矿具有铁分高、粒度均匀。气孔率大、低温还原性能好等优点,炼铁原料中球团矿的配比也逐年增加,使高炉冶炼取得了综合能耗降低、利用系数提高的经济效果。竖炉焙烧球团矿投资少、热效率高、操作简便,尤其是导风墙——烘干床竖炉,使球团矿的产量、质量得到了提高。     

An argument for colloid resuscitation for shock

A focused review of the physiologic mechanisms of colloid and crystalloid fluid resuscitations for acute critical illness is presented. This review suggests that postresuscitation plasma volume, cardiac output, left ventricular mechanical performance, and global and microcirculatory O2 supplies are more favorable with colloid therapy. Conversely, crystalloid may adversely affect microcirculatory blood flow and resultant O2 supply and use by ischemic tissues in shock. Poor relief of global and regional hypoxia may persist in critically ill patients after resuscitation with crystalloid.     

Guidelines for Warranty Contracting for Highway Construction

This paper presents guidelines for implementing the construction warranty contracting method in the highway construction industry. A logical, step-by-step method for effectively applying the warranty contracting program for use in the highway construction industry is developed. Relevant issues that may present obstacles to the implementation are addressed, while the best practices, compiled from an evaluation of the current industry’s state-of-the-art practices, will assist an interested state highway agency in creating a warranty specification. In performing this research, the current use of warranty specifications among state highway agencies was examined, and an in-depth case study of the Wisconsin Department of Transportation’s warranty program was conducted.     

NEHRP Provisions for 1994 for Nonstructural Components

The recently published 1994 National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) provisions include new and substantially improved provisions for the seismic design of nonstructural components, including architectural, mechanical, and electrical components. The provisions are a significant departure from the 1991 NEHRP provisions and other seismic provisions, such as those offered by the 1994 Uniform Building Code (UBC). The design-force provisions are rationally derived and consider actual in-structure acceleration data recorded in recent significant California earthquakes. Also considered in the design-force equations are the dynamic properties of the components, the location of the component within the supporting structure, the safety and operational importance of the component, and the component's anchorage ductility and energy-absorption capability. The resulting force requirements of the new recommendations are compared with the 1991 NEHRP provisions and the 1994 UBC requirements. In addition, explicit design displacement provisions are introduced and discussed.