AlTiCRE合金细化剂对纯铝的细化作用

介绍了在纯铝中分别加入不同量的AlTiCRE合金细化剂，观察其铸态显微组织和测定其相应铸态试样的力学性能。实验结果表明，在纯铝中加入0．3％的该合金细化剂时，其晶粒最为细小均匀；相应地，铸态拉伸试样的力学性能得以提高。本文还讨论了AlTiCRE合金细化剂的细化机理。     

Ce和Bi元素对纯铝晶粒细化能力的研究

在铝中添加适量的细化剂可大大改善铝的力学性能、加工性能以及外观质量,但Al-Ti-B和Al-Ti-C细化剂均存在一些不足,为了开发效果更好的晶粒细化剂,本文研究了Ce和Bi元素对纯铝晶粒的细化效果.通过组织观察和能谱分析发现,单独加入Ce或Bi元素,对纯铝没有明显晶粒细化作用;联合加入时,对纯铝有一定的细化作用,而且Ce和Bi元素不存在Cr,Mn等原子的毒化作用,这是由于Ce和Bi原子发生包晶反应生成的高熔点化合物CeBi可作为异质核心,从而使铝的晶粒得到细化,当Ce/Bi比为32时,对铝的晶粒细化效果最佳.     

超声波处理时间对工业纯铝铸锭结晶组织的影响

研究了超声波处理时间对工业纯铝铸锭结晶组织的影响，即添加除气剂又进行超声波处理的情况。分析了超声波对工业纯铝结晶组织影响的原因。研究结果表明。采用合适的超声波处理时间，可以提高工业纯铝铸锭的细化率。     

TiO_2含量对Al-TiO_2-C细化剂组织及细化效果的影响

以TiO_2粉、C粉、Al粉为原料,采用放热弥散法制备Al-TiO_2-C晶粒细化剂,并进行晶粒细化试验。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及能谱分析(EDS)等方法研究了不同TiO_2含量细化剂的显微组织。结果表明,Al-TiO_2-C晶粒细化剂由α-Al,Al_3Ti,Al_2O_3和Ti C相组成。TiO_2含量不同,Al-TiO_2-C晶粒细化剂内第二相形貌及分布也不同。当TiO_2含量为12%(质量分数)时,细化剂组织中Al_3Ti内包裹有大量的Al2O3和Ti C颗粒,这些颗粒将Al_3Ti分割开来,Al_3Ti相呈现圆块状,此时组织相对分布均匀。TiO_2含量不同,AlTiO_2-C晶粒细化剂对工业纯铝的细化效果也不同。随着TiO_2含量的增加,Al-TiO_2-C细化剂对工业纯铝的细化效果呈现先变好后变差的变化趋势,其中当TiO_2含量为12%时,其细化效果达到相对最好。本文细化剂的最佳添加量为0.3%。当细化剂中TiO_2含量为12%时,0.3%的细化剂添加量可使工业纯铝细化到约154μm。     

Al—Ti—C中间合金细化铝及Al—Zn—Mg—Cu1.5合金晶粒研究

三元中间合金Al-Ti-C是新研制的一种铝晶粒细化剂。在对高纯铝(99.99％)、工业纯铝(99.7％)及Al Zn-Mg Cu_(1.5)合金细化晶粒的研究中,证明其细化晶粒性能优于通常使用的Al-Ti二元及Al Ti B三元中间合金。用扫描电镜和电子探针等方法研究证实,当钛的加入量少于0.15％时,高纯铝的晶粒细化不是由包晶反应而是由TiC粒子引起的,从而证明了TiC理论。此外,在工业纯铝中残存某些杂质元素,对铝的晶粒细化也起重要作用。本文论述了使用Al-Ti-C中间合金细化铝晶粒的过程及从几方面证实了TiC生核理论。     

铝及铝合金晶粒细化剂的研究

综述了铝及铝合金晶粒细化剂的发展历史，阐述了晶粒细化剂的细化机理，对各种细化剂进行了比较，并着重介绍了新一代Al—Ti—C晶粒细化剂。     

铝及铝合金晶粒细化剂303TiB的研制与应用

介绍了以高活性的纯金属粉末和具有一定特性的助熔盐为原料,用粉末冶金方法制取一种新型的铝及铝合金晶粒细化剂的研制过程及其特点和在实际生产中的使用效果.结果表明:303TiB晶粒细化剂的制备工艺简单,技术可行,使用方便,质量稳定.加入铝熔体后20分钟就会有显著的细化效果,可完全消除柱状晶,随保持时间的延长,细化效果逐渐减弱,细化衰退时间为5小时.     

Al-Ti-B-Re晶粒细化剂的研究现状

综述了铝的晶粒细化剂的发展和新型铝晶粒细化剂Al-Ti-B-Re中稀土元素的作用,认为因为添加了具有特殊性质的稀土不仅大大的增强了细化的作用，还同时起到了净化、除气和变质的作用。     

稀土在Al-Ti-B-RE细化剂中的作用及细化机理研究

采用纯钛颗粒熔铸法制备Al-Ti-B-RE细化剂,并就稀土在Al-Ti-B-RE细化剂中的作用及细化机理进行了研究。结果表明:稀土元素加入后,增强了铝液对TiAl3、TiB2相的润湿性及异质形核能力,延缓细化剂的衰退时间;不同细化剂的细化效果主要取决于形核相TiAl3和TiB2粒子的特性,其中以TiAl3相的形貌、尺寸和数量影响较大,含有大量细小、弥散分布的块状TiAl3相的细化剂表现出良好的细化效果,而TiB2相成为影响α-Al有效形核数的主要因素,Al-Ti-B-RE细化剂的细化效果及抗衰退性优于进口或国产Al-Ti-B细化剂。     

Al-Ti-B中间合金生产方法及发展趋势

阐述了各种铝及铝合金铸锭晶粒细化的方法,得出Al-Ti-B中间合金是目前工业生产条件下,在铝熔体中添加细化剂进行细化铸锭的晶粒中最经济有效的方法.在过去50多年里,国内外科研工作者对铝钛硼的晶粒细化进行了广泛而又深入的研究,开发出了氟盐反应法、纯钛颗粒法、氧化物法、电解法、铝热还原法和自蔓延高温合成法等多种铝钛硼中间合金的制备方法和半连续铸造挤压法、连续铸轧法和连续铸挤法等多种线材成型方式.通过分析铝钛硼各种制备方法和线材成型方式的优缺点,得出通过氟盐反应法和连续铸轧法生产的铝钛硼中间合金线材,具有制备工艺简单、生产成本低、产品质量稳定、细化效果显著等优点;另外发展新型制备工艺和新型Al-Ti-B中间合金细化剂,是其一个重要的发展方向.     

Microstructure and refining performance of an Al-5Ti-0.25C refiner before and after equal-channel angular pressing

Refining experiments were conducted to evaluate the grain refining performance of an Al-5Ti-0.25C refiner before and after equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) with the use of a high-purity Al. The results show that the Al-5Ti-0.25C refiner has remarkable and stable grain refining performance when the holding times are within 5 to 30 minutes and the melt temperatures are within 1003 to 1073 K. Furthermore, some Al-5Ti-0.25C refiner samples were subjected to severe plastic deformation by using the ECAP technique at 298 K. It was found that Al₃Ti and TiC particles were significantly fragmented and their mean sizes were decreased to 10 and 1.08 μm, respectively, and the Al-5Ti-0.25C refiner appeared to have a double grain refining effect in comparison with that of before ECAP. It is also testified that the Vickers microhardness (Hv) value of the pure Al samples refined by the Al-5Ti-0.25C refiner after ECAP processing has a significant increment than that of before ECAP processing. It is concluded that the Al-5Ti-0.25C refiner with ECAP technique has a very useful practical application in refining industrial Al alloys.     

Effect of Hot Rolling on Grain Refining Performance of Al–5Ti–1B Master Alloy on Hot Tearing on Al–7Si–3Cu Alloy

It has been known experimentally that TiAl₃ acts as a powerful nucleant for the solidification of aluminum from the melt; however, a full microscopic understanding is still lacking. To improve microscopic understanding, hot rolling technique has been performed to the Al–5Ti–1B alloy and the effect of shape and size of the particles on grain refinement has been studied. The effect of hot rolling of Al–5Ti–1B master alloy on its grain refining performance and hot tearing have been studied by OM, XRD, and SEM. Hot rolling improves the grain refining performance of this master alloy, which is required to reduce hot tearing in Al–7Si–3Cu alloy. The improvement in grain refining performance of Al–5Ti–1B master alloy on rolling is due to the fracture of larger TiAl₃ particles into fine particles during rolling. The presented results illustrate that the morphology of TiAl₃ particles alter from the plate-like structure in the as-cast condition Al–5Ti–1B master alloy to the blocky type after rolling due to the fragmentation of plate-like structures. The grain refining response and effect on hot tearing of Al–7Si–3Cu alloy have been studied with as-cast and rolled Al–5Ti–1B master alloys. The results display hot-rolled master alloys revealing enhanced grain refining performance and minimizing hot tear tendency of the alloy at much lower addition level as compared to as-cast master alloys.     

铝及铝合金细化剂的研究

综述了晶粒细化剂的发展及历史，细化剂的细化机理和各种细化剂的比较。并着重介绍了新一代的AlTiC晶粒细化剂。     

含钪铝合金及其应用

钪改性的铝合金是一类高性能新型铝合金。钪对铝合金有明显的晶粒细化作用,提高了铝合金强度,抑制了再结晶,强化了焊缝,消除了焊缝出现的热裂。这类合金还显示出优良的抗腐蚀性能。本文还综述了含钪铝合金在军事和民品方面的应用。     

Microstructure and refining performance of an Al−5Ti−0.25C refiner before and after equal-channel angular pressing

Refining experiments were conducted to evaluate the grain refining performance of an Al−5Ti−0.25C refiner before and after equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) with the use of a high-purity Al. The results show that the Al−5Ti−0.25C refiner has remarkable and stable grain refining performance when the holding times are within 5 to 30 minutes and the melt temperatures are within 1003 to 1073 K. Furthermore, some Al−5Ti−0.25C refiner samples were subjected to severe plastic deformation by using the ECAP technique at 298 K. It was found that Al₃Ti and TiC particles were significantly fragmented and their mean sizes were decreased to 10 and 1.08 μm, respectively, and the Al−5Ti−0.25C refiner appeared to have a double grain refining effect in comparison with that of before ECAP. It is also testified that the Vickers microhardness (Hv) value of the pure Al samples refined by the Al−5Ti−0.25C refiner after ECAP processing has a significant increment than that of before ECAP processing. It is concluded that the Al−5Ti−0.25C refiner with ECAP technique has a very useful practical application in refining industrial Al alloys. ZUOGUI ZHANG, formerly Master's Student, the Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Material, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People's Republic of China     

Refining Effect of a New Al3Ti1B1RE Master Alloy on Al Sheets Used for Can Manufacture and Behavior of Rare Earths in Master Alloy

The refining effect of Al3Ti1B1RE master alloy on Al sheets used for pressure can manufacture and the behav-ior of mixed rare earths (RE) in master alloy were investigated with XRD, OM, SEM and EDAX. It is found that the re-fining effect of the refiner on the material has superiority over foreign or domestic Al5Ti1B refiner, and the refiner still re-tains its refining ability for 6 h after adding it to molten Al, thus improving the strength and plasticity of the material re-markably. The excellent refining effect and stability of AlTiBRE refiner result from that RE can lower the surface energy of molten Al and improve the wetting characteristics of molten Al on refinement nuclei such as TiAl3, TiB2, etc., thus giving full play to the effect of heterogeneous nucleation and impeding the congregating tendency of TiB2 phase in molten Al. At the same time, RE gathering in front of solid/liquid interface are also easy to cause composition supercooling in molten Al, thus impeding the growth of α-Al grains and promoting α-Al nucleation on refinement nuclei. In addition, RE also play certain role in purification and grain refinement, or modification, especially their effect of purification can improve the metallurgical quality of AlTiBRE master alloy.     

The role of solute in grain refinement of magnesium

The effect of separate solute additions of Al, Zr, Sr, Si, and Ca on grain size of Mg has been investigated. Increasing the Al content in hypoeutectic Mg-Al alloys resulted in a continuous reduction in grain size up to 5 wt pct Al, reaching a relatively constant grain size for higher Al contents (above 5 wt pct). The effect of Sr additions was investigated in both low- and high-Al content magnesium alloys, and it was found that Sr had a significant grain refining effect in low-Al containing alloys but a negligible effect on grain size in Mg-9Al. Additions of Zr, Si, and Ca to pure magnesium resulted in efficient grain refinement. The grain refinement is mainly caused by their growth restriction effects, i.e., constitutional undercooling, during solidification, but the effect of nucleant particles, either introduced with the alloying additions or as secondary phases formed as a result of these additions, may enhance the grain refinement. A brief review of grain refinement of magnesium alloys is included in this article to provide an update on research in this field.     

A Novel Developed Grain Refiner (Al–Y–B Master Alloys) Using Yttrium and KBF<Subscript>4</Subscript> Powders

The present work aims to report and discuss the development of a novel grain refiner (Al–Y–B master alloys) focusing on the characterization of the phenomena that exist during their production. Al–Y–B master alloy is produced by the combined employment of yttrium and boron, instead of yttrium or boron individually. It is discovered as a highly effective grain refiner for inoculating the grain size of Al–Si alloys. The crystallized microstructure can be refined though the effect of Y-based intermetallic on heterogeneity nucleus. The Y-based intermetallic is formed in the melts (Al–Y–B master alloy) by the addition of yttrium and KBF₄ powers. A approach to produce Al–Y–B master alloys as well as its characterization by means of optical micrographs and SEM is presented. The study is assessed by testing the grain refining potency of the produced Al–Y–B master alloys in binary Al–20Si alloy. It is revealed that the approach employed to produce the Al–Y–B master alloys is suitable because the size of the primary phases is significantly reduced in each of the case investigated.     

DH32船板的减量化试制

在高强度船板成分设计上以D级船板为基础,采用微合金元素仅添加Al而不添加其他合金元素的减量化策略,通过严格控制控轧控冷工艺参数,使钢板晶粒细化,性能达到了国标要求。本文分析得出：细晶强化是将低级别钢种升级到更高强度级别的减量化轧制的重要措施;钢的纯净度和组织晶粒是影响低温冲击韧性的关键因素;较低终轧温度和一定的冷却强度是保证较厚板强度的主要措施。     

The Effect of Solute Elements on the Grain Refinement of Cast Zn

The effect of both peritectic-forming elements (Cu and Ag) and eutectic-forming elements (Mg and Al) on the grain refinement of cast pure Zn was investigated. It is found that these four alloying elements lead to effective grain refinement of cast pure Zn, although they have different values of growth restriction factor (Q). Mg and Al seem to have better grain refining efficiency for cast pure Zn than Cu and Ag. These results raise questions regarding the mechanisms of grain refinement in Zn-based alloys, and therefore further studies are required.