大跨度桥梁缆索用钢丝热浸镀层研究综述

综述了热浸镀Zn、Zn-Al和Zn-Al-Mg系合金镀层的性能特点和研究现状。在Zn-Al合金中添加Al元素可以减缓Zn的腐蚀氧化,同时可以在镀层表面形成致密的Al_2O_3薄膜起到屏蔽保护作用。在此基础上,采用Mg合金化,不仅可细化镀层组织,还可抑制疏松腐蚀产物的生成,进一步延长合金镀层的寿命。阐明了桥梁缆索用钢丝热浸镀工艺的特点和不足。采用中性盐雾试验评估了应力加载对桥梁缆索用热浸镀层组织和耐腐蚀性能的影响。应力加载会使镀层表面的腐蚀产物保护层破裂,加快腐蚀进程。同时指出了现有桥梁缆索用钢丝镀层评价标准尚存在一些争议,应结合现行的评价体系,重视讨论和探索新的更合适的评价标准。需要研究新一代(Zn-Al-Mg)合金镀层的制备技术和评价标准,推动具有高耐蚀性的多元合金镀层在桥梁缆索用钢丝上的推广应用。同时,桥梁缆索用钢丝热浸镀层的腐蚀性能应考虑应力加载下的腐蚀破坏和相关机理研究。     

共沉淀法合成小粒径PDP绿粉中的物相转变和颗粒生长过程研究

使用化学共沉淀法合成出粒径为1～2μm的Mg掺杂的PDP用铝酸盐绿色荧光粉,研究了共沉淀产物在高温煅烧中的物相变化和颗粒长大过程,并使用该超细PDP绿粉进行了涂屏实验.结果表明,共沉淀产物的物相转变过程异常复杂,中间相包括Ba-C3、γ-Al2O3、BaF2、BaAl2O4和两个含Mn的化合物,在整个物相转变过程中没有...     

高速钢低温熔融渗硫活化促渗机理研究

为进一步探讨稀土催化低温渗硫工艺的可行性及应用价值,研究了高速钢(W6Mo5Cr4V2)表面低温熔融渗硫工艺,并分析了渗硫层的显微组织形貌及干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明,只有在渗硫前对试块进行活化处理才能获得较为理想的渗硫层.并且,经过渗硫处理的W6试块在与Cr12磨环对磨时,减磨效果明显.基于活化处理对试样表面状态及渗硫效果的影响,提出了"活化促渗通道"模型.     

Field tests on mechanical characteristics and strength parameters of red-sandstone

Large-scale field shear tests on ten specimens of the red-sandstone embankment at a highway in Hunan, China, were performed to examine mechanical characteristics and parameters of red-sandstone. The curves of thrust-dispiacement, failure mode, and shear strength parameters for red-sandstone with different water contents, different compactions, and different grain size distributions were obtained from the tests. A practical procedure of in-situ test for red-sandstone embankment was proposed to normalize the test equipment and test steps. Based on three-dimensional thrust-sliding limit equilibrium method, the formulas for calculating strength parameters of red-sandstone considering three-dimensional sliding surface were inferred. The results show that red-sandstone has typical complete curves of stress-strain, strain softening, which are caused by the special structure of red-sandstone; water content and compaction are important factors for strength and failure mode of red-sandstone; The average value of cohesion and internal friction angle of the specimens calculated by three-dimensional technique are 21.56 kPa and 29.29°, respectively, and those by traditional two-dimensional method are 25.52 kPa and 33.76°, respectively.     

不同掺Ag含量下高温(800℃)沉积CrN/Ag涂层的组织结构及其性能

为研究高温下掺入Ag的CrN涂层的组织性能,在沉积温度为800℃的条件下采用直流反应磁控溅射技术制备CrN/Ag硬质涂层。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、EDS能谱仪、X射线衍射(XRD)和维氏硬度计,综合分析了800℃沉积温度下,对不同Ag掺杂情况下CrN/Ag涂层的组织结构和性能特点,以及700℃热处理工艺对其的影响。结果表明,Ag添加导致CrN晶相生长由(200)择优取向向无择优取向转变,并使得CrN/Ag涂层表面粗糙化;少量Ag(7%(原子分数))添加可提高涂层硬度,过多Ag(21%(原子分数))添加明显降低涂层硬度;高温热处理(700℃/1h)后,纯CrN涂层的氧化并不明显,但是,随Ag含量增加,涂层氧化程度逐渐增加,且在高Ag(21%(原子分数))涂层中Ag溢出现象显著;涂层氧化及Ag溢出导致涂层硬度显著降低。     

Phase-, shape- and size-controlled synthesis of NaYF4：Yb3＋,Er3＋ nanoparticles using rare-earth acetate precursors

Hexagonal-phase NaYF4：Yb3＋,Er3＋ upconversion nanoparticles（UCNPs） with a uniform size distribution were synthesized using rare-earth acetates as precursors. The effects of reaction temperature and time on the phase transition process of the UCNPs were systematically studied. Based on the evolution of particle morphology and phase with temperature and time, it could be concluded that the transition from cubic phase to hexagonal phase for NaYF4：Yb3＋,Er3＋ UCNPs was consistent with a dissolution/recrystallization process. In addition, the shape and size of the UCNPs could be controlled by adjusting the solvent ratio and the precursor ratio, respectively.     

稀土元素及稀土新材料

本文简要介绍了稀土的物化特性及其制备技术;重点阐述了稀土在传统材料领域中的应用,尤其是稀土新材料在高新技术产业中的应用,以及我国稀土工业发展的前景和面临的主要问题。     

冷成型模具低温锌系磷化

研制出适用于冷成型模具高硬度表面的低温锌系磷化工艺。其中磷化液含Zn(H2 PO4 ) 2 ·2H2 O 6 0g/L ,Zn(NO3) 2 ·6H2 O 90g/L ,NaNO2 1.5g/L ,稀土促进剂 0～ 1.0g/L ,游离酸度 4～ 6点 ,总酸度 70～ 75点。该磷化液在 4 0℃下 ,处理 30～ 4 0min后可获得厚约 10 μm的磷化膜。性能测试表明 ,其减摩、润滑性能良好 ,摩擦系数约降 0 .1,与未处理试样相比磨损量下降 96 % ,附着力 1级。     

球墨铸铁复相强化初探

复相强化是改善钢和球铁机械性能的一个有效措施。本文在使用相同铸态试样条件下,对铁素体—下贝氏体和奥氏体—贝氏体球铁的机械性能进行了对比试验,结果表明,在相同基体硬度下,除抗拉强度略低外,奥贝球铁的延性和韧性均明显高铁素体—下贝氏体球铁。同时,借助于透射电镜和 X 射线衍射分折,初步分析了上述球铁的复相强化机制。     

38MnVS5钢连铸坯中硫化物形貌及形成机制的研究

用扫描电镜观察分析了38MnVS5钢320mm×300姗连铸坯中硫化物的三维形貌,结果显示,从铸坯表面到心部硫化物类型由球状变成杆状,并且在偏析严重区域呈片状或片状-杆状共存.球状硫化物是由包晶反应生成的,杆状硫化物为稳态共晶反应的产物.当合金元素含量较高时,由于过冷导致硫化物生长速度较快,杆状硫化物向片状硫化物转变.