吸附胶体浮选法在含铬(Ⅵ)废水处理中的应用与评价

吸附胶体浮选法是采用FeSO4为还原剂将Cr(Ⅵ)还原成Cr(Ⅲ),用NaOH调节pH值为6左右,使生成Fe(OH)3和Cr(OH)3沉淀.然后向该溶液中加入十二烷基磺酸钠(SLS)浮选剂直接进行浮选,重金属铬离子和表面活性剂反应产物以泡沫形式去除.本次实验做了20×10-6Cr(Ⅵ)合成废水的条件实验,用正交实验法确定了50×10-6Cr(Ⅵ)合成废水的浮选最佳条件,对实际废水进行了处理,其结果达到了国家工业废水排放标准(Ce6+<0.5 mg/1)为工业上采用浮选法处理含铬废水提供了实验依据.     

P507萃取分离含镍废水中铬的工艺研究

以电镀废水为原料,P507为萃取剂进行镍铬萃取分离系数的研究.应用串级萃取理论设计镍铬分离工艺及工艺参数,进行了小型串级实验.结果表明通过串级萃取使Ni与Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)得到有效的分离,硫酸镍产品中总铬含量小于5×10-6,收率98%以上.     

铕激活的钒酸钇纳米粒子荧光探针测定铬(Ⅵ)

水浴法合成了水溶性YVO4:Eu荧光纳米粒子,粒子溶液荧光强度大,荧光性能稳定。以YVO4:Eu粒子作荧光探针,基于Cr(Ⅵ)对YVO4:Eu粒子的荧光猝灭,建立了简单快速地定量测定痕量Cr(Ⅵ)的新方法。对Cr(Ⅵ)的测定条件及共存离子的干扰进行了考察,在最佳条件下,反应溶液中YVO4:Eu粒子荧光强度的对数值和Cr(Ⅵ)的浓度有良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为lgI=2.90-1.30×10-3c(c的单位:10-6mol/L),线性相关系数为0.997 1,线性范围为1.04×10-4~5.20×10-2g/L。方法的检出限为1.6×10-5g/L,RSD为1.7%(5.20×10-3g/L,n=11)。将方法用于测自来水样中Cr(Ⅵ),回收率为102%~109%。实验探讨了Cr(Ⅵ)对YVO4:Eu粒子荧光猝灭的机理,结果表明是静态猝灭。     

活性炭纤维对废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能及再生试验研究

研究了活性炭纤维吸附废水中Cr(Ⅵ)、再生及吸附过程热力学和动力学,并采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)对吸附前、后的活性炭纤维进行表征。结果表明:用活性炭纤维吸附Cr(Ⅵ),在废水体积50 mL、pH=2、Cr(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度40 mg/L、吸附时间200 min、吸附剂用量0.5 g条件下,Cr(Ⅵ)吸附去除率为98.81%,Cr(Ⅵ)吸附量为3.95 mg/g;影响吸附过程的最重要因素为吸附剂用量;吸附过程更符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和准二级动力学吸附模型;用0.1 mol/L盐酸溶液对吸附Cr(Ⅵ)后的活性炭纤维进行洗涤、再生,然后重复试验,连续5次吸附后,Cr(Ⅵ)吸附去除率仍维持在91.47%。活性炭纤维表面呈束状结构,束间存在许多凹陷空间,表面主要官能团为—OH、N—H、■和■,对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附主要是化学吸附。     

高锰酸钾活化法制备甘蔗渣活性炭及从废水中吸附Cr(Ⅵ)试验研究

研究了用高锰酸钾活化法制备的甘蔗渣活性炭从废水中吸附Cr(Ⅵ),采用SEM、FTIR及BET法对炭化前后的甘蔗渣进行表征。结果表明:普通甘蔗渣孔结构较少,表面平整,比表面积为0.874 8 m~2/g;甘蔗渣活性炭表面为多层片状结构,每片上有大量排列整齐的孔隙,比表面积为353.524 8 m~2/g,且官能团数量和种类均有所增加;用甘蔗渣活性炭从废水中吸附Cr(Ⅵ),适宜条件下,废水中Cr(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度为50 mg/L时,Cr(Ⅵ)去除率达94.1%,最大吸附量为9.407 mg/g;吸附热力学及动力学结果表明,Langmuir等温吸附模型能更好地反应吸附过程,吸附过程遵循准二级动力学方程。     

电絮凝废水中Cr(Ⅵ)高效去除工艺条件及机理研究

水体Cr(Ⅵ)污染因污染物来源广泛、毒性强,易形成水体-土壤复合污染,其绿色、低成本达标治理已成为国内外环保工作者关注的热点及难点问题。采用电絮凝工艺进行废水中Cr(Ⅵ)污染去除,探索液相pH、槽电压、电解质浓度及初始Cr(Ⅵ)浓度对电絮凝Cr(Ⅵ)去除效率的影响,并通过对所得沉淀絮体的微观形貌、元素分布及物相组成分析,阐明Cr(Ⅵ)电絮凝沉淀去除机理。结果表明,Cr(Ⅵ)电絮凝去除的最佳工艺条件为液相pH=6.0,槽电压3.0 V,电解质浓度2.0%,在此条件下,初始浓度10.0mg/L的含铬废水,经12.0min电絮凝反应,出水铬浓度为0.018mg/L,去除效率达99.98%,满足饮用水Cr(Ⅵ)排放限值。机理分析研究表明,废水中的Cr(Ⅵ)经Fe²⁺还原为Cr(Ⅲ)后,以CrOOH与Cr(OH)3的形式经铁的氧化物/氢氧化物载带沉淀而去除。电絮凝工艺治理水体Cr(Ⅵ)污染具有去除效率高、速率快、污泥产生量低的特点,可为水体Cr(Ⅵ)污染的治理提供技术支持。     

炼油热壁加氢反应器用超纯净焊材用钢

因反应器在 32 0～ 5 5 0℃ ,14～ 2 2MPa和加氢条件下使用 ,炼油厂热壁加氢反应器筒体焊缝材料3Cr 1Mo 0 .2 5V ,2 .2 5Cr 1Mo V ,9Cr 1Mo等钢均要求高的纯净度 :P≤ 0 .0 0 3% ,S≤ 0 .0 0 3% ,H≤ 2× 10 - 6 ,O≤ 30×10 - 6 ,N≤ 80× 10 - 6 ,回火脆化敏感系数J =(Si+Mn) (P +Sn)× 10 4 ≤ 10 0 % ,X =(10P +5Sb +4Sn +As)× 10 - 2 ≤15× 10 - 6 。讨论了超纯净度焊材用钢生产工艺和研发的可行性。     

载铝改性活性炭纤维电吸附水中Cr(Ⅵ)

以活性炭纤维、异丙醇铝为原料,通过溶胶—凝胶法制备载铝改性活性炭纤维电极(ACF-Al),通过单因素和正交试验研究其对模拟废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的电吸附性能;采用XRD、FTIR、SEM对电极材料进行表征;达到吸附平衡后对电极进行再生。试验结果表明,电吸附Cr(Ⅵ)适宜工艺条件为:模拟废水初始浓度40mg/L、pH=2.5、电极电位0.3V、极板间距6mm、ACF-Al电极板面积100cm^2,Cr(Ⅵ)吸附率接近100%,比开路条件下提高了26.25个百分点;电吸附过程更符合Langmuir等温线模型和准二级动力学方程;对ACF-Al电极进行4次循环再生处理后,其对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附率仍保持在87%以上。表征结果显示,活性氧化铝被成功负载到活性炭纤维表面,提高了其导电性,增强了Cr(Ⅵ)向电极板的定向迁移性,并在表面羧基、羟基等官能团的作用下,使Cr(Ⅵ)得到有效去除。     

Cr(Ⅵ)—H_2O_2—4，5-二溴荧光素体系催化光度法测定痕量铬

通过对H_2O_2氧化4,5-二溴荧光素褪色反应的研究,发现在pH 5.0的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液介质中,Cr(Ⅵ)对H_2O_2氧化4,5-二溴荧光素的褪色反应具有催化作用,据此建立了催化动力学光度法测定痕量Cr(Ⅵ)的新方法。讨论了酸度、反应物浓度、反应温度、反应时间、干扰离子等因素的影响,找出了反应的最佳条件,并测定了一些该反应的动力学参数。其反应的表观活化能为55.06 kJ/mol,表观速率常数k=2.05×10~(-3)/s。方法检出限为6.304×10~(-7)μg/mL,线性范围为0.0     

铬(Ⅲ)和铬(Ⅵ)的离子交换纤维柱分离和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定

比较了强酸性、强碱性、弱酸性、弱碱性和两性等5种离子交换纤维对Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的分离能力,结果表明,强酸性和强碱性离子交换纤维对Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的分离效果最好。分离后的Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)可用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测量。优化了纤维柱分离Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的条件。pH 3.0的含铬试液以2~6 mL/min的流速上柱,当采用强酸性纤维柱进行分离时,用10 mL pH 1.0的硝酸预淋洗Cr(Ⅵ),再用10 mL 2.0mol/L硝酸洗脱Cr(Ⅲ);当采用强碱性纤维柱进行分离时,试液需先加入5 mL 0.005 mol/LEDTA溶液掩蔽Cr(Ⅲ)后上柱,用10mL pH 1.0的稀盐酸预淋洗Cr(Ⅲ),再用10 mL 3.0mol/L硫酸洗脱Cr(Ⅵ)。采用强酸性纤维柱时Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)检出限分别为1.06 ng/mL和0.60 ng/mL;采用强碱性纤维柱时Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)检出限分别为1.03 ng/mL和1.15ng/mL。该方法成功应用于分离和测定管网水、池塘水样和土壤提取液中的Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)。加标回收实验表明,采用强酸性纤维柱进行分离时,Cr(Ⅲ)的回收率为90.0%~108%,相对标准偏差为0.3%~5.3%,Cr(Ⅵ)的回收率为91.7%~107%,相对标准偏差为0.3%~4.4%;采用强碱性纤维柱进行分离时,Cr(Ⅲ)的回收率为93.1%~105%,相对标准偏差为0.4%~5.0%,Cr(Ⅵ)的回收率93.8%~105%,相对标准偏差为0.1%~6.2%。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.