热处理工艺对NM500耐磨钢组织和力学性能的影响

通过扫描电子显微镜,电子背散射衍射、透射电子显微镜以及力学分析等方法研究了在线淬火-回火(DQ-T)和再加热淬火-回火(RQ-T)对NM500耐磨钢组织和性能的影响,并讨论了不同热处理工艺的强化机理.发现试样经过不同的热处理工艺后在较高的强度下均能保持良好的韧性.由于位错密度的增加和更细的马氏体板条束尺寸,DQ-T试样的抗拉强度和硬度明显高于RQ-T试样,但是强度的增加并没有造成韧性和塑性急剧的降低.再加热淬火温度对RQ-T试样的强度影响较大,当淬火温度较低时,马氏体板条束得到细化,这种细晶强化作用有效地提高了RQ-T试样的强度.      

X120级超高强度管线钢生产工艺研究现状

X120管线钢的碳含量一般为0.05%,(Cu+Ni+Cr+Mo)≤2%,并加入微合金化元素V、Nb、Ti、B。通过控轧和强控冷工艺,该钢具有高强度、高韧性和良好的焊接性。介绍了生产X120管线钢的在线热处理工艺装置JFE-HOP,间断直接淬火(IDQ),直接淬火DQ-T工艺和淬火-配分(Q&P)工艺技术。讨论了其存在问题和可能的发展方向。     

Heat treatment for improvement in lower temperature mechanical properties of 0.40 pct C-Cr-Mo ultrahigh strength steel

In the previous paper, it was reported that isothermal heat treatment of a commercial Japanese 0.40 pct C-Ni-Cr-Mo ultrahigh strength steel (AISI 4340 type) at 593 K for a short time followed by water quenching, in which a mixed structure of 25 vol pct lower bainite and 75 vol pct martensite is produced, results in the improvement of low temperature mechanical properties (287 to 123 K). The purpose of this paper is to study whether above new heat treatment will still be effective in commercial practice for improving low temperature mechanical properties of the ultrahigh strength steel when applied to a commercial Japanese 0.40 pct C-Cr-Mo ultrahigh strength steel which is economical because it lacks the expensive nickel component (AISI 4140 type). At and above 203 K this new heat treatment, as compared with the conventional 1133 K direct water quenching treatment, significantly improved the strength, tensile ductility, and notch toughness of the 0.40 pct C-Cr-Mo ultrahigh strength steel. At and above 203 K the new heat treatment also produced superior fracture ductility and notch toughness results at similar strength levels as compared to those obtained by usingγ α′ repetitive heat treatment for the same steel. However, the new heat treatment remarkably decreased fracture ductility and notch toughness of the 0.40 pct C-Cr-Mo ultrahigh strength steel below 203 K, and thus no significant improvement in the mechanical properties was noticeable as compared with the properties produced by the conventional 1133 K direct water quenching treatment and theγ α′ repetitive heat treatment. This contrasts with the fact that the new heat treatment, as compared with the conventional 1133 K direct water quenching treatment and theγ α′ repetitive heat treatment, dramatically improved the notch toughness of the 0.40 pct C-Ni-Cr-Mo ultrahigh strength steel, providing a better combination of strength and ductility throughout the 287 to 123 K temperature range. The difference in the observed mechanical properties between the above two ultrahigh strength steels is discussed on the basis of the effect of nickel content, fracture profile, and so forth.     

淬火工艺对铜沉淀强化UHS钢组织性能的影响

 超高强度钢不仅可以降低海洋装备本身质量，而且节约能源，但这类钢应用过程中要求具有良好的强韧性匹配，而淬火工艺显著影响其后续的相变和性能。采用Thermo Calc软件、光学显微镜、扫描电镜以及透射电镜等研究了淬火工艺对低碳(w(C)<0.05%)铜沉淀硬化超高强海工钢组织性能的影响。结果表明，910 ℃淬火、450 ℃时效处理后峰值硬度达到386HV，700 ℃时效后空冷可得到部分二次马氏体组织，峰值硬度为357HV。525 ℃以下时效，富铜相析出的平均半径约为5 nm，产生较高的强化增量。820~910 ℃淬火，随着淬火温度降低，细小的(Nb，Ti)C粒子能够有效抑制奥氏体晶粒的长大，细化晶粒和马氏体板条块，同时基体中小角度界面密度增加，强韧性提高。其中820 ℃淬火强度最高达到1 109 MPa，-80 ℃ V型冲击功为91 J。     

Effect of water quenching processing parameters on the mechanical properties of a cold-rolled C-Mn-containing steel sheet

Cold-rolled advanced high-strength steel sheets have become the material of choice for the automotive industry because of their unique attributes of high strength and balanced mechanical properties. High-hydrogen gas jet cooling and water quenching are the most commonly used ultrafast cooling technologies for producing martensite-containing high-strength steel sheets. The water quenching technology ensures the fastest industrial cooling rate of 1 000 K/s; therefore,it has the highest potential with respect to saving alloys. In this study,the water quenching of a C-Mn-containing steel sheet is simulated during continuous annealing to investigate the effect of water quenching and tempering parameters on its mechanical properties. The results reveal that at low quenching temperatures,the strength of the steel sheet decreases as the soaking temperature increases. However,at high quenching temperatures,a high soaking temperature corresponds to increased strength after quenching,regardless of whether the material was austenitized in the single austenite zone or the inter-critical zone. Therefore,a high quenching temperature always results in a high strength and a high yield ratio after quenching. Low-temperature overaging( tempering) considerably influences the yield strength and yield ratio,and the extent of this influence is correlated with the soaking temperature.     

两相区淬火对高强海洋工程钢组织性能的影响

摘要：对高强海洋工程用钢分别经过一次淬火+回火(QT)和一次淬火+两相区淬火+回火(QLT)2种热处理工艺处理后,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)等手段对其微观组织、相变特性和Cu的析出相进行了检测,并进行了室温拉伸性能及系列温度夏比冲击性能的测定。结果表明：实验钢在03~20℃/s的冷速下均得到贝氏体组织,随着冷速的增加,钢的转变温度有所降低,这与工业厚板淬火后表面和心部组织硬度存在一定差异的结果相吻合。经750℃在两相区保温并淬火对钢中的软硬相组织进行调控后,实验钢的屈服强度仍达到800MPa以上,屈强比从QT态的0.96降低至0.92以下,较QT态的低温韧性有了显著的改善。在两相区保温后,钢中有大量的Cu粒子析出并粗化,然而在后续回火过程中仍有尺寸在20nm以下的Cu粒子析出,仍可起到一定的析出强化作用。     

Effect of annealing parameters on mechanical properties of cold-rolled martensitic steel sheets

Cold-rolled martensitic steel sheets produced on continuous annealing lines with water quenching facility,have advantages of high strength and low alloying element contents.These are in good accordance with the trend of light-weighting and fuel saving for automotive steel.In this article,a cold-rolled martensitic steel is studied to investigate the effect of annealing parameters on its mechanical properties.It is found that the quenching temperature and the slow cooling speed as well as the overageing temperature have significant influence on the strength of the experimental steel.The temperature zone at which the austenite decomposition is slow or has not started may be chosen as the quenching temperature to ensure the steel’s strength stability.The slow cooling speed also influences the steel’s strength greatly.A high cooling rate will lead to significantly higher strength.Tempering would decrease the steel’s tensile strength but would increase its yield strength.     

1000MPa低碳贝氏体钢的连续冷却转变组织及力学性能

 采用Gleeble热模拟试验研究了一种Si-Mn系低碳贝氏体钢的连续冷却转变组织,并在首钢棒材厂工业轧机进行了生产工艺试验的工业试制,研究了不同轧制工艺对金相组织、力学性能的影响。结果表明,该系列贝氏体钢在2℃/s的冷速条件下可得到全贝氏体组织,冷却速度对组织类型和性能有直接影响;通过合理地控制轧制工艺,可得到细小的贝氏体组织,具有良好的塑性和冲击性能,抗拉强度可达到1000MPa以上,冲击功达到80J以上。     

Q550热轧中厚板的控轧控冷（TMCP）工艺优化

对Q550热轧中厚板轧后直接淬火＋回火（DQ-T）工艺替代调质工艺进行研究,试验中选取3种厚度规格的钢板,通过DQ-T多种工艺的比较,摸索出最佳的生产工艺,并批量生产出具有良好稳定综合力学性能的Q550高强度中厚钢板。     

Development of JG785E High Strength High Toughness Steel Plates

A high strength structure steel plate --brand JG785E, which with more than 690MPa yield strength ,more than 47 joules toughness at minus 40℃ has been developed by Jigang of Shandong Steel Group P. R. China. The steel plates can be easily welded in engineering structure due to its lower carbon equivalent value. The maximum thickness of heavy plate is 50.88mm (2 inch), the yield strength is 710-860MPa, the toughness of steel plate is 139~336J at the temperature of - 40℃ . The microstructure of steel plate is lower carbon Bainite. The main solid dissolve elements are silicon and manganese. All parameters of reheating, rolling and accelerating cooling are controlled strictly. This TMCP procedure can ensure to get better mechanical properties of steel plates, and to keep the market competitive power and lower cost of manufacture. The cleanness of steel is high by refined in ladle furnace (LF), the contents of P and S is lower. It is the low carbon Bainite microstructure that possesses the high strength, excellent lower temperature toughness and better weld-ability without preheat process. The JG785E is typical brand of the Jigang’s high strength steel brands as the S690QL conforms to EN10025-6 and as the ASTM A514M conforms to USA quenching and tempering steel specification.     

Q550高强度中厚板的TMCP工艺研究

通过对Q550中厚板轧后直接淬火＋回火（DQ—T）替代调质的工艺研究,摸索最佳的生产工艺,批量生产出具有良好和稳定综合力学性能的Q550高强度中厚钢板。     

Effect of Thermomechanical Controlled Processing on Mechanical Properties of 490 MPa Grade Low Carbon Cold Heading Steel

Thermomechanical controlled processing (TMCP) of low carbon cold heading steel in different austenite conditions were conducted by a laboratory hot rolling mill.Effect of various processing parameters on the mechanical properties of the steel was investigated.The results showed that the mechanical properties of the low carbon cold heading steel could be significantly improved by TMCP without heat treatment.The improvement of mechanical properties can be attributed mainly to the ferrite grain refinement due to low temperature rolling.In the experiments the better ultimate tensile strength and ductility are obtained by lowering finishing cooling temperature within the temperature range from 650 ℃ to 550 ℃ since the interlamellar space in pearlite colonies become smaller.Good mechanical properties can be obtained in a proper austenite condition and thermomechanical processing parameter.The ferrite morphology has a more pronounced effect on the mechanical behavior than refinement of the microstructure.It is possible to realize the replacement of medium-carbon by low-carbon for 490 Mpa grade cold heading steel with TMCP.     

硼在低碳贝氏体钢中作用的实验研究

对不同成分的低碳贝氏体钢的组织、性能及冷却曲线进行了研究,分析了硼对低碳贝氏体钢组织、性能的影响.结果表明,硼使铁素体、珠光体转变点下降,CCT冷却曲线右移;含硼低碳贝氏体钢更易得到均匀的贝氏体组织,硼对强度的贡献作用很大;在一般工程应用中室温不预热条件下,含硼低碳贝氏体钢焊接不产生冷裂纹。同时简单探讨了冷却速率对硼淬透性的影响及含硼钢冲击韧性波动的原因。     

成分及冷却工艺对复相钢、马氏体钢组织与性能的影响

在实验室用真空感应炉冶炼复相钢和马氏体钢,锻坯、控轧成3 mm厚的板材后采用不同冷却模式进行控制冷却.研究了成分、冷却工艺对组织与力学性能的影响.结果表明:卷取温度降低,钢的强度上升,伸长率下降,组织由铁素体 珠光体向贝氏体、马氏体转变;低温卷取时钢的强度主要取决于碳含量,硅含量的提高使钢的强度和塑性均有所提高;分段冷却对组织与性能的影响较复杂.通过不同的控制冷却工艺实现了用相同的成分获得不同强度等级要求的汽车用先进高强度钢.     

分段冷却工艺对低碳钢中板力学性能的影响

轧机轧制能力不足时无法完成真正意义上的控轧控冷,设计适当的生产工艺以最大限度地提高产品力学性能十分必要。研究了控制冷却工艺对低碳钢力学性能和微观组织的影响。与空冷相比,采用控制冷却工艺进行冷却,可以提高试验钢的力学性能,减轻试验钢的带状组织。在控制冷却过程中,除开始冷却温度对试验钢的性能影响较大外,分段冷却工艺参数对试验钢性能的提高也起很大作用。结果表明:采用前段冷却为主的工艺生产的试验钢较采用后段冷却为主的工艺生产的试验钢的屈服强度提高50 MPa以上,抗拉强度提高约30 MPa,同时拥有良好的塑性和低温韧性。     

A Study of the Influence of Thermomechanical Controlled Processing on the Microstructure of Bainite in High Strength Plate Steel

Steels with compositions that are hot rolled and cooled to exhibit high strength and good toughness often require a bainitic microstructure. This is especially true for plate steels for linepipe applications where strengths in excess of 690 MPa (100 ksi) are needed in thicknesses between approximately 6 and 30 mm. To ensure adequate strength and toughness, the steels should have adequate hardenability (C. E. >0.50 and Pcm >0.20), and are thermomechanically controlled processed, i.e., controlled rolled, followed by interrupted direct quenching to below the Bs temperature of the pancaked austenite. Bainite formed in this way can be defined as a polyphase mixture comprised a matrix phase of bainitic ferrite plus a higher carbon second phase or micro-constituent which can be martensite, retained austenite, or cementite, depending on circumstances. This second feature is predominately martensite in IDQ steels. Unlike pearlite, where the ferrite and cementite form cooperatively at the same moving interface, the bainitic ferrite and MA form in sequence with falling temperature below the Bs temperature or with increasing isothermal holding time. Several studies have found that the mechanical properties may vary strongly for different types of bainite, i.e., different forms of bainitic ferrite and/or MA. Thermomechanical controlled processing (TMCP) has been shown to be an important way to control the microstructure and mechanical properties in low carbon, high strength steel. This is especially true in the case of bainite formation, where the complexity of the austenite-bainite transformation makes its control through disciplined processing especially important. In this study, a low carbon, high manganese steel containing niobium was investigated to better understand the effects of austenite conditioning and cooling rates on the bainitic phase transformation, i.e., the formation of bainitic ferrite plus MA. Specimens were compared after transformation from recrystallized, equiaxed austenite to deformed, pancaked austenite, which were followed by seven different cooling rates ranging between 0.5 K/s (0.5 °C/s) and 40 K/s (40 °C/s). The CCT curves showed that the transformation behaviors and temperatures varied with starting austenite microstructure and cooling rate, resulting in different final microstructures. The EBSD results and the thermodynamics and kinetics analyses show that in low carbon bainite, the nucleation rate is the key factor that affects the bainitic ferrite morphology, size, and orientation. However, the growth of bainite is also quite important since the bainitic ferrite laths apparently can coalesce or coarsen into larger units with slower cooling rates or longer isothermal holding time, causing a deterioration in toughness. This paper reviews the formation of bainite in this steel and describes and rationalizes the final microstructures observed, both in terms of not only formation but also for the expected influence on mechanical properties.     

直接淬火技术在中厚钢板生产中的工业应用

介绍了直接淬火工艺与离线热处理工艺的区别,概述了直接淬火技术的国内外发展及应用现状。利用450 mm两辊实验轧机及超快速冷却系统对610 MPa级高强钢板进行在线直接淬火试验,并获得良好的综合力学性能。利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜及透射电镜观察试验钢的组织特征并对其组织演变机理进行理论分析。讨论了直接淬火技术在高强度钢减量化制造中的作用及其在中国中厚钢板生产中的应用前景,指出钢铁界同仁应对直接淬火机理、国产装备和新钢种的研究开发等给予必要的重视。     

800MPa级高强钢调质工艺的研究

针对1种800MPa级高强钢的调质过程,分析了不同淬火温度和回火温度对实验钢力学性能和组织的影响。结果表明：淬火温度在880～920℃之间时,随着淬火温度升高,实验钢的强度逐渐降低,-40℃冲击韧性是先升高后降低,并在900℃达到最大;回火温度在550～700℃之间,随着回火温度的升高,实验钢的强度逐渐下降,-40℃冲...     

Effect of Carbon Content on Mechanical Properties and Weather Resistance of High Performance Bridge Steels

The influence of carbon content on the mechanical properties of high yield strength bridge steel has been in-vestigated. The results show that the excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance are obtained for the steel with carbon content of 0.03%-0.05% (mass percent). According to the results, a new weathering bridge steel plate with carbon content of 0.045% (mass percent)has been developed. The appropriate controlled cooling process should be taken due to the results of CCT (continuous cooling transformation)and TTT (time-temperature-transformation)to ensure both microstructure and mechanical properties. CCT curve of the newly developed steel shows that when accelerated cooling speed is higher than 5℃/s, the intermediate transformation products can be formed. The TTT curve displays that the intermediate transformation temperature ranges from 600 to 530℃. Yield strength of the newly developed steels reaches 500 MPa, and their elongation and toughness are excellent.     

Influence of Controlled Rolling and Cooling Process on the Mechanical Properties of Low Carbon Cold Forging Steel

In the present paper,controlled rolling and cooling processing was conducted by using a laboratory hot rolling mill.The influence of different processing parameters on the mechanical properties of low carbon cold forging steel was investigated.The results show that the faster cooling after the deformation (especially in low temperature rolling conditions) leads to the refinement of the ferrite grain.The specimen exhibits very good mechanical properties owing to the finer ferrite grains.The pearlite morphologies can also affect the mechanical properties of low carbon cold forging steel.The mechanical properties increase with decreasing final cooling temperature within the range from 650℃ to 570 ℃ due to the finer interlamellar spacing of pearlite colony.The mechanical properties of the specimens with fast cooling after the conventional rolling are not only better than those of the specimens with slow cooling after low temperature rolling,but also almost similar to those of the specimens with fast cooling after low temperature rolling.It is suggested that fast cooling after high temperature rolling (the conventional rolling) process would be of important industrial value.