锂离子电池隔膜物理及电化学性能评价及对比

对目前被广泛使用的聚乙烯隔膜、聚丙烯隔膜、聚丙烯/聚乙烯/聚丙烯三层复合隔膜和氧化铝涂覆聚乙烯隔膜的物理性能和电化学性能进行了详细的分析对比.研究表明：氧化铝涂覆聚乙烯隔膜相比于其他三种隔膜，除拉伸强度略低于聚丙烯/聚乙烯/聚丙烯三层复合隔膜外，在耐穿刺性、热稳定性、润湿性及离子电导率等方面均具有更突出的性能.其穿刺强度达到了426.91 N·mm^-1，并且在140℃下热处理1 h基本没有热收缩.氧化铝颗粒的亲水性提高了隔膜与电解液之间的润湿性，使得隔膜具有优异的离子电导率(0.719 mS·cm^-1)，并且100次循环后容量保持率为91.19%，优于聚乙烯隔膜、聚丙烯隔膜、聚丙烯/聚乙烯/聚丙烯三层复合隔膜.表明氧化铝涂覆聚乙烯隔膜与其他三种隔膜相比在长循环、高功率和高安全性的锂离子电池中具有最好的应用前景.     

酰基化强碱性离子交换纤维制备及其对金属氰络合物吸附性能研究

氰化提金工艺产生的含氰废水中多含有金属氰络离子,其会消耗额外的氰化物,进而影响生产工艺指标.研究以聚丙烯纤维为基体,制备了酰基化强碱性离子交换纤维(ASA-IEF),并考察了其对废水中金属氰络离子的去除性能.ASA-IEF的最优制备条件为反应时间4 h、反应温度30℃、三氯乙酰氯与苯乙烯摩尔比1:1.2.在此条件下,纤...     

阴离子交换纤维的制备及应用研究

以聚丙烯无纺布为基材、丙烯酸甲酯为单体,采用辐射接枝共聚的方法制备接枝共聚物,再功能化处理制成阴离子交换纤维,并对它在含氰废水中的应用作了初步研究。     

化学纤维生产需用的金属材料

中国已工业化生产的合成纤维,主要有聚酰胺类(卡普纶等),聚丙烯晴(奥纶、合成羊毛等),聚脂纤维(的确凉等),聚丙烯,聚乙烯醇(维尼纶),含氮纤维等六大类,共20多个品种,其中以聚酰胺,聚丙烯晴,聚脂纤维类三者产量较大,分别占合成纤维总产量的51％,18.5％及18％。国内小规模生产的单体(或聚合体)有维尼纶,尼龙66,聚丙烯晴。卡普纶(尼龙66)已有年产1000吨的工     

可光降解聚丙烯/黏土纳米复合物的制备与表征

通过溶胶-凝胶法将锐钛矿型纳米二氧化钛负载到有机黏土片层表面,然后与聚丙烯（polypropylene,简称PP）熔融其混制备可光降解的聚丙烯／黏土复合物。实验结果表明,纳米锐钛矿型二氧化钛粒子均匀分布在有机黏土片层表面,粒子尺寸在8～12nm之间。采用FT-IR,SEM和GPC表征聚丙烯／黏土纳米复合薄膜光降解,结果表明负载纳米锐钛矿型二氧化钛的有机黏土对聚丙烯的光降解速率较商品二氧化钛的快,纳米二氧化钛粒子在有机黏土表面均匀分布,可有效避免二氧化钛粒子的团聚,增加了二氧化钛和聚丙烯基体的有效接触面积,极大地提高了材料的光降解速率。本方法为制备新型环境友好聚合物纳米复合物提供了实验依据。     

静电纺丝纳米纤维膜分离富集重金属的研究进展

静电纺丝是制备纳米纤维的一种简单有效的技术,纳米纤维具有很高的比表面积,因此静电纺丝纳米纤维膜用于分离富集重金属具有很大的潜力.通过查阅文献,综述了利用静电纺丝技术制备纳米纤维膜,然后采用物理吸附或化学吸附的方法分离富集重金属,表面带有官能团（-COO-、-NH2、-SO32-、-SH、-S-）的纤维膜对重金属有很好的吸附性能.指出提高纳米纤维膜的制备产量和分析了解纳米纤维膜对重金属的选择性吸附原理,是纳米纤维膜分离富集重金属的研究方向.     

金红石型纳米TiO2及改性聚丙烯的紫外-可见光谱特性研究

采用荧光紫外灯对金红石型纳米TiO2改性聚丙烯材料进行了加速老化试验,并用紫外-可见分光光度计分析了金红石型纳米TiO2、纳米TiO2改性聚丙烯等材料的紫外-可见光谱特性.结果表明金红石型纳米TiO2在紫外光区有很强的屏蔽特性,添加0.5% 就能够将聚丙烯的紫外线屏蔽性能提高2倍;当与受阻胺光稳定剂(HALS)复合使用时能够产生协同作用,将聚丙烯的紫外线屏蔽性能提高9倍,人工加速老化14 d后的紫外屏蔽性能未发生改变,从而能够赋予聚丙烯长效的抗紫外光老化性能.     

阴离子交换纤维的制备及应用研究

文中主要研究了以聚丙烯无纺布为基材,丙烯酸为单体,采用预辐照固相接枝聚合的方法制备接枝共聚物,再采用功能化处理的方法制成阴离子交换纤维,并对它在含氰废水中的应用做了初步的研究.     

MC尼龙的性能和应用

本文简介了MC尼龙的优良性能及易成型加工的特性,并以一些典型的MC尼龙应用事例来说明,MC尼龙在各个领域中的实用性和经济性.     

聚丙烯基阴离子交换纤维吸附过程研究

研究了聚丙烯基阴离子交换纤维在含氰废水中的吸附,结果表明:离子交换无纺布的吸附容量与接枝率有关,接枝率越高吸附量越大。离子交换无纺布对氰化物及Cu,Fe,Zn离子的吸附容量较大。对氰化物及Cu,Fe,Zn的最大吸附量条件是:pH在11.8左右、室温(20士2℃)、吸附时间20~30 min。     

Tumour predisposition in mice heterozygous for a targeted mutation in Nf1

In this study the effects of administration of cortisone acetate (100 mg kg-1 body weight subcutaneously for 11 days) on distribution and cross-sectional area of different fibre types of rat skeletal muscles were investigated. Diaphragm, parasternal intercostal (PI), extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles were examined in cortisone treated animals (CA) in comparison with ad libitum controls (CTRL) and pair-fed (PF) controls. Four fibre types (I or slow and IIA, IIX, IIB or fast) were identified on the basis of their myosin heavy chain composition using a set of monoclonal antibodies. In CA rats the reduction of cross-sectional area was above 30% in IIX fibres of diaphragm, IIB fibres of PI and in all fast fibres of EDL. In all muscles slow fibres were spared from atrophy. Significant variations in fibre type distribution were found in the muscles of CA rats when compared to CTRL. The percentage of IIB fibres decreased in EDL, PI and diaphragm. This decrease was accompanied by an increase in the percentage of IIA fibres in the same muscles. No changes in the percentage of slow fibres and of fast IIX fibres were observed in EDL, PI and diaphragm of CA rats in comparison with CTRL. In soleus of CA rats the proportion of IIA fibres was lower than in CTRL. In EDL of PF rats atrophy of IIA fibres and changes in fibre type distribution were similar to those observed in CA rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

液压驱动隔膜泵控制系统总体设计

液压驱动隔膜泵是一种新型的隔膜式浆体管道输送泵,具有广阔的应用前景。控制系统作为液动隔膜泵至关重要的组成部分,能否准确、灵敏、可靠地工作将直接影响液动隔膜泵的工作性能和隔膜的寿命。简介了液动隔膜泵的结构及工作原理,利用PLC对液动隔膜泵的控制系统进行了总体设计;分析了控制系统的组成和功能,介绍了各控制信号的获取方法和隔膜极限位置的控制方法。PLC控制系统能够保证液动隔膜泵的工作性能,使其运行平稳,调节灵活。     

GMB200-2.5型隔膜泵机组设计要点分析

隔膜泵的冲次n和隔膜直径D为影响隔膜泵性能和结构的主要参数。本文主要介绍隔膜泵机组技术参数的合理匹配以及隔膜行程控制系统设计分析。     

Monitoring platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa-fibrin interaction with tissue factor-activated thromboelastography

An additional slow fibre type, type I alpha, is detected in diaphragm and appears in fast-twitch hindlimb muscles of rabbit under the influence of altered neuromuscular activity. Type I alpha fibres were delineated from fibres expressing myosin heavy chain I beta (type I beta) by immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antibody raised against the alpha-cardiac MHCI alpha. When stained for mATPase after acid and alkaline preincubations, some type I alpha fibres resembled type I beta and type IIA fibres, respectively. Some type I alpha fibres displayed dissimilar mATPase staining, indicating heterogeneity of this fibre population. The appearance of numerous type I alpha fibres in stimulated muscles, which in addition contain type IIA and type I beta fibres, suggested that they may be interspaced between types IIA and I beta. Electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions disclosed an additional isomyosin both in normal diaphragm and stimulated muscles. This band displayed the same mobility as the slowest isomyosin in rabbit masseter muscle. It was recognized by the same monoclonal (anti-alpha-cardiac MHC) antibody used for immunohistochemistry. Therefore, this isomyosin appeared to be very similar, but perhaps not identical to the alpha-cardiac MHC-based isomyosin, probably resulting from discrete differences in the MHC complement. This assumption agrees with additional findings suggesting an even greater heterogeneity of the MHCs than generally assumed. In support of this, we show in atrium and masseter muscles the existence of an additional, electrophoretically distinct MHC isoform which migrates in close vicinity to MHCI alpha.     

大型隔膜泵十字头螺母强度分析及结构改进

十字头螺母是大型隔膜泵系统中动力端曲柄连杆机构的关键部件,也是动力端的易损部件之一.在隔膜泵的现场实际运行过程中,因应力集中而引起十字头螺母断裂的情况时有发生.因此,需要对原有十字头螺母的结构进行改进使其降低应力集中以达到延长使用寿命的目的.本文以SGMB300/4C型隔膜泵十字头螺母为例,采用有限元软件ANSYS对其进行静强度校核分析并提出结构修改方案.通过几种不同结构十字头螺母静强度分析结论的对比,从而确定最佳的改进结构.所得结论对十字头螺母及相关产品的设计与研发具有一定的理论指导意义.     

Diaphragm performance during maximal voluntary ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

In normal subjects 2 min of maximal voluntary hyperventilation results in failure of tension generation and low-frequency fatigue of the diaphragm. Patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) do not develop diaphragm fatigue during exhaustive treadmill exercise despite excessive inspiratory muscle loading and we hypothesized that they might be relatively resistant to the development of diaphragm fatigue during maximal ventilation. In six patients with severe COPD (mean FEV1 0.671) we therefore loaded the diaphragm using 2 min of maximal isocapnic ventilation (MIV). Initial mean ventilation was 28.6 L/min and diaphragm pressure-time product (PTPdi) 602 cm H2O x s/min; these values were sustained throughout MIV without significant decline. Mean twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure (Tw Pdi) was 19.7 cm H2O 25 min after a control run and 20.5 cm H2O at the same time after MIV [corrected]. Compared with normal subjects previously studied in our laboratory (Hamnegard, C.-H., et al. Eur. Respir. J. 1996;9:241-247) the reduction in PTPdi was disproportionately greater than the reduction in Tw Pdi. We conclude that, unlike normal subjects, 2 min of MIV causes neither failure of diaphragm performance nor low-frequency diaphragm fatigue in patients with severe COPD. It is likely that the diaphragm makes a relatively limited contribution to the generation of maximal levels of ventilation in severe COPD.     

Diaphragmatic injuries in thoracoabdominal trauma

In closed thoracoabdominal trauma the diagnosis rupture of the diaphragm is usually made in 5 per cent of the casualties. Over a 12-year period (1985 through 1996), in the Pirogov Institute are admitted 3018 cases presenting polytrauma. Among the contingent of closed thoracoabdominal trauma lesions to the diaphragm are registered in 151 cases, and among those with open injuries--in 21 cases. There are 71 closed injuries in PTP, and 80 closed thoracoabdominal injuries caused by high falls. Open injuries associated with lesion to the diaphragm are due to gunshot wounds in two cases, and inflicted by knife and other pointed objects in nineteen. In closed trauma there is 2:1 male-to-female ratio, and in open injuries--5:1.     

Radiological assessment of diaphragmatic function in operated cases of congenital defects of the diaphragm

An investigation was undertaken in a series of 10 children operated upon for congenital diaphragmatic defects in regard to the value of simple thoracic X-ray pictures for functional assessment of the repaired diaphragm. The radiographs were taken in forced inspiration as well as in forced expiration and indices were calculated for the mobility of the diaphragm and the costophrenic angle. Moreover, an attempt was made to estimate diaphragmatic contraction by comparing the length of the hemidiaphragm during inspiration and during expiration. The obtained results gave sufficient information for routine investigations of diaphragmatic function and compared well with those of radiocinescopy. An impairment of the mobility of the diaphragm and the costophrenic angle was statistically demonstrated in our follow-up series as compared with a control group of healthy children.     

The diaphragm in emphysema

Because of hyperinflation, the diaphragm of emphysematous patients operates at a disadvantageous position which affects its mechanical arrangement, modifies the configuration of its zone of apposition, increases its radius of curvature, and decreases its muscle fiber length below optimal configuration. The diaphragm in emphysema therefore displays a suboptimal configuration limiting its ability to function properly but shows no inherent structural insufficiency, unless its contractility is impaired by significant arterial blood gas anomalies or severe malnutrition. The demand imposed on the diaphragm in emphysema is increased by both hyperinflation and air-flow obstruction. With altered performance of the diaphragm and increased demand, force reserve is diminished and diaphragmatic fatigue may occur; this imbalance is targeted in some treatment modalities of emphysema such as pulmonary rehabilitation programs and lung volume reduction surgery.     

纤维体积分数对炭/炭复合材料性能的影响

通过对不同纤维体积分数的炭/炭复合材料进行力学性能,导热、导电性能试验,分析了纤维体积分数对炭/炭复合材料性能的影响.结果表明,初始坯体的纤维体积分数对炭/炭复合材料的力学性能影响较大;导热、导电性能则与材料内部结构有关而与纤维体积分数的关系不大.当预制坯体的纤维体积分数在25％～30％时,炭/炭复合材料的力学、导热、导电性能为最好.