纳米钨合金材料的研究与应用

采用纳米粉末制备的纳米钨合金块体材料具有非常优越的潜在物理力学性能,用作高性能结构件和高性能电子、微电子等功能材料等方面都将具有很大的潜在优势,可以更好地满足高性能新型材料的要求.本文综述了近几年国内外纳米难熔钨合金材料的研究状况,详细地介绍了数种纳米钨合金粉末制备的制备技术和在纳米钨合金材料制备中所取得的成绩,分析了纳米钨合金在粉末制备和烧结中存在的问题.针对纳米粉末烧结时的晶粒长大问题,介绍了可能的几种纳米块体材料的烧结技术和今后纳米难熔钨合金材料的研究发展方向,并指出了今后该种新型材料的应用发展前景.     

昆明冶金研究院材料研究所

正昆明冶金研究院材料研究所是云南省从事有色金属材料研发的专业机构,主要研究领域包括合金材料、高纯金属制备提纯、金属表面处理、高性能结构材料、特种功能材料、难熔金属基复合材料、稀有金属粉末、3D打印粉、粉末冶金钛及钛合金、难熔金属粉末冶金材料及制品、有色金属先进加工技术研究、热处理技术、金属及合金板带箔材、铝合金熔炼用系列添加剂、细粒级钛渣综合利     

昆明冶金研究院材料研究所

<正>昆明冶金研究院材料研究所是云南省从事有色金属材料研发的专业机构,主要研究领域包括合金材料、高纯金属制备提纯、金属表面处理、高性能结构材料、特种功能材料、难熔金属基复合材料、稀有金属粉末、3D打印粉、粉末冶金钛及钛合金、难熔金属粉末冶金材料及制品、有色金属先进加工技术研究、热处理技术、金属及合金板带箔材、铝合金熔炼用系列添加剂、细粒级钛渣综合利用等。近年来,先后承担过多项国家863项目、国际科技合作重点项目、云南省     

昆明冶金研究院材料研究所

正昆明冶金研究院材料研究所是云南省从事有色金属材料研发的专业机构,主要研究领域包括合金材料、高纯金属制备提纯、金属表面处理、高性能结构材料、特种功能材料、难熔金属基复合材料、稀有金属粉末、3D打印粉、粉末冶金钛及钛合金、难熔金属粉末冶金材料及制品、有色金属先进加工技术研究、热处理技术、金属及合金板带箔材、铝合金熔炼用系列添加剂、细粒级钛渣综合利用等。近年来,先后承担过多项国家863项目、国际科技合作重点项目、云南省     

纳米钨合金材料的研究与应用

采用纳米粉末制备的纳米钨合金块体材料具有非常优越的潜在物理力学性能。用作高性能结构件和高性能电子、微电子等功能材料等方面都将具有很大的潜在优势,可以更好地满足高性能新型材料的要求。本文综述了近几年国内外纳米难溶钨合金材料的研究状况,详细地介绍了数种纳米钨合金粉末制备和制备技术和纳米钨合金材料制备中所取得的成绩,分析了纳米钨合金在粉末制备和烧结中存在的问题。针对纳米粉末烧结时的晶粒长大问题,介绍了可能的几种纳米块体材料的烧结技术和今后纳米难熔钨合金材料的研究发展方向,并指出了今后该种新型材料的的应用发展前景。     

难熔金属复合材料的开发与应用

介绍了难熔金属在现代复合材料中的应用现状、复合材料的制造方法．包括以难熔金属为基和以化合物为基的复合材料、层状复合材料、用难熔金属纤维增强的复合材料、梯度功能材料。超导复台材料等，展望了难熔金属复合材料的发展前景。     

粉末冶金发展现状及趋势

文章评述了粉末冶金技术在机械零件、摩擦材料、电工材料、硬质合金、难熔金属材料、金刚石—金属工具、航空结构材料、非晶态合金、精细陶瓷、功能材料等领域国内外的研究开发现状及新工艺等的发展趋势。     

美国难熔金属结构材料研究进展

自二十世纪五十年代（即所谓太空时代）以来,难熔金属结构材料研究有了可喜的进步:提高了结构材料的高温强度;涂层的发展应用提高了难熔金属部件的稳定性。因此,这些材料在航空航天领域的应用有了重大突破:宇宙飞船姿态控制系统中的阀门应用了弥散强化钨合金,阿波罗登月舱和指令舱的火箭喷嘴应用了C-103铌合金（Nb-10Hf-1Ti-0.7Zr）,等等。     

西北有色金属研究院压力容器厂简介

西北有色金属研究院压力容器厂是国家定点的一、二类压力容器制造厂。主要从事难熔、稀有金属及其复合材料设备制造的专业生产单位,其前身属西北有色金属研究院爆炸复合及焊接研究室。自70年代以来,在稀有金属、难熔金属及其复合材料的焊接领域进行了较为系统的研究,并取得了多项研究成果,为我国稀有金属材料在国民     

新型钒材料研究进展

作为国家重要的战略金属资源,钒及其化合物被广泛用于冶金、航空航天、化工等领域。近年来,随着资源、能源及环境压力的逐步增大,储能及环境领域中新型钒材料研究越发活跃,一大批具备高性能的钒系电极材料、钒颜料、钒系催化剂涌现出来,然而,钒材料的高成本成为其最终实现工业化的一大障碍。纳米技术、生物医药技术的发展与完善使低成本制备高性能新型钒系复合材料成为可能,使新型钒材料在具备高性能的同时自身对环境友好,制备及使用成本大幅下降,使钒材料应用领域得以极大拓展,显示出巨大的发展和应用前景。     

Philosophy of psychology.

The philosophy of psychology at the turn of the century was an amalgam of perspectives and commitments—experimental science, Darwinian theory, positivism—forged partly out of achievements in experimental science and partly in response to transcendentalist (Hegelian) challenges. The amalgam itself appeared as an early version of the positivism that became developed and dominant early in the 20th century. For many psychologists at the turn of the century, experimental science, as practiced chiefly in physics and chemistry, was tantamount to a philosophy of science and one stripped of what were taken to be distracting and useless metaphysical quibbles. The assets and liabilities of this allegiance were recognized even as it was forming. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The relationship between psychology and cognate fields.

"The listing in the university catalogues which were examined indicated that psychology was most often listed as a social science and next most frequently listed as a biological science. In several universities the psychology department was classified as both a biological and social science. In terms of specific departmental recommendations of courses, it was indicated that there was an interdependence between psychology and the various social sciences. Psychology was found to depend much more heavily on the biological sciences, physical sciences, and mathematics than those areas depended upon psychology. On the other hand, the social sciences, humanities, and service areas were found to depend much more heavily on psychology than the psychology departments depended upon them." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Self-efficacy as a predictor of academic performance in science

Nursing students have traditionally experienced difficulties with the science subjects in nursing curricula, and irrespective of the institution conducting a nursing programme, this trend appears to be continuing. A satisfactory means of predicting academic performance in these subjects will facilitate the development of educational strategies designed to assist students overcome their difficulties. In this study, an instrument called the Self-Efficacy for Science (SEFS) was developed and tested. The SEFS was designed to predict academic performance in the science areas of a first-year undergraduate nursing course. A cohort of first-year students enrolled in a bachelor of nursing course were surveyed by questionnaire. Students' academic scores for two first-year science subjects were obtained and used as the criterion measure for the study. Principal component factor analysis revealed the SEFS contained six instead of the hypothesized four factors. These six factors could explain 70% of students' self-efficacy for science. Cronbach alpha of the SEFS was 0.9. The SEFS could predict 24% of the cohort's academic performance in a physical science subject and 18.5% for a bioscience subject. Studying science in the final year at high school was not statistically significantly related to the SEFS. Implications for students and future research are discussed.     

Parent-child conversations about science: The socialization of gender inequities?

This study investigated the family as a context for the gender typing of science achievement. Adolescents (N=52) from 2 age levels (mean ages=11 and 13 years) participated with their mothers and fathers on separate occasions; families were from predominantly middle-income European American backgrounds. Questionnaires measured the parents' and the child's attitudes. Each parent also engaged his or her child in 4 structured teaching activities (including science and nonscience tasks). There were no child gender or grade-level differences in children's science-related grades, self-efficacy, or interest. However, parents were more likely to believe that science was less interesting and more difficult for daughters than sons. In addition, parents' beliefs significantly predicted children's interest and self-efficacy in science. When parents' teaching language was examined, fathers tended to use more cognitively demanding speech with sons than with daughters during one of the science tasks. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Evaluating science arguments: Evidence, uncertainty, and argument strength.

Public debates about socioscientific issues are increasingly prevalent, but the public response to messages about, for example, climate change, does not always seem to match the seriousness of the problem identified by scientists. Is there anything unique about appeals based on scientific evidence—do people evaluate science and nonscience arguments differently? In an attempt to apply a systematic framework to people’s evaluation of science arguments, the authors draw on the Bayesian approach to informal argumentation. The Bayesian approach permits questions about how people evaluate science arguments to be posed and comparisons to be made between the evaluation of science and nonscience arguments. In an experiment involving three separate argument evaluation tasks, the authors investigated whether people’s evaluations of science and nonscience arguments differed in any meaningful way. Although some differences were observed in the relative strength of science and nonscience arguments, the evaluation of science arguments was determined by the same factors as nonscience arguments. Our results suggest that science communicators wishing to construct a successful appeal can make use of the Bayesian framework to distinguish strong and weak arguments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Disunity-Unity Dimension.

Comments on the article by Driver-Linn (see record 2003-05602-002), which presented an account of why psychologists have almost continuously invoked Kuhn since the 1970s to justify a wide array of the discipline's historical developments and epistemological proclivities. The current author advances his own philosophy of science which states as a fundamental principle that all sciences begin in disunity and only advance toward unification by dint of hard and lengthy scientific achievement. The philosophy of science field has focused on the character of the unified sciences as the model of science. It has not systematically treated how those sciences were in their early disunified state, the possibility that all sciences begin in that state, or how a science comes to be unified. A science in the early stage of disunity does not have the full power of science, and it is not considered to be a full science. That power and that recognition await the beginning of the science's advancement to unification. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

浅谈矿山企业科协工作

科协是党联系科技工作者桥梁纽带,竭诚为科技工作者服务,反映科技工作者心声,维护科技工作者的权利,提升企业员工技术素养服务;科协为企业技术进步服务,推动科技事业发展.矿山企业科协工作就是要组织科技工作者,以技术攻关和技术研讨为手段,解决矿山生产经营中的难点、热点问题.     

A Model for Elementary School Behavioral Science as an Agent of Primary Prevention.

The relevance of precollege behavioral science for society will probably depend in large measure on how we view the subject matter and how we design the curriculum. If we accept the socioeducational model, the content and method for the precollege behavioral science curriculum would appear to be clearly indicated. The relevance of the course would seem to be assured. We would also have a sensible design for a program in self-understanding that would serve preventive purposes. If this approach were adopted, it really would not matter whether we were searching for a means of prevention of disturbance or a means of disseminating information about man and his behavior. Both purposes would be served. It was this socioeducational model and its logical extensions that the present author found most useful while developing curriculum in the behavioral sciences in a pilot study at the Webster College Experimental School in 1967-1968. This article describes this socioeducational model as well as the curriculum of and the role of the teacher in an elementary school behavioral science course using this model. This model for a behavioral science curriculum is one that seems to be useful for primary prevention. The opportunities for enhancing ego development and psychological comfort appear to be great. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Situating Gender and Professional Identity in American Child Study, 1880-1910.

The boundaries of psychological expertise in modern America were often imagined in gendered terms. Studies of child development served as one area where dominant notions of masculinity and femininity collided at a historical moment in which women were increasingly present in the traditionally male worlds of science and higher education. Attributes that many female authors regarded as necessary qualifications for understanding child development (such as patience, sympathy, and maternal care) were routinely dismissed by male writers as contrary to an authentic scientific disposition. Thus, disputes over the meaning of child development (and the methods of studying it) indicate some of the ways that women's labor was both acknowledged and demoted during the formative years of American social science. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A whisper of salvation: American psychologists and religion in the popular press.

The advocates of the new psychology that emerged at the end of the 19th century were faced with a need to gain support from a public that was searching for a new basis for social and political order, yet was chary of any science identified with godless materialism. The first generation of American psychologists was faced with the dilemma of defining their approach as distinct from the old psychology while defusing public concern about the materialistic implications of their new science. Many of these new psychologists developed a rhetorical strategy of incorporating religious sentiment into their writing for the popular press. Their strategy emphasized the harmony of the new science with religious faith and stressed the moral qualities of psychological work. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)