复杂难选铁矿石悬浮磁化焙烧-高效分选技术

针对传统铁矿石磁化焙烧技术与装备存在焙烧产品质量差、产能低、能耗高和环境污染严重等问题，创造性提出了一种“预热-蓄热还原-再氧化”悬浮磁化焙烧新工艺。该工艺具有原料适应性广、焙烧产品质量均匀、回收率高、生产能耗低、无污染等特点，适合处理赤铁矿、褐铁矿、菱铁矿及其混合型难选铁矿石。通过多年的潜心基础研究与技术攻关，形成了非均质矿石颗粒悬浮态流动控制、蓄热式高效低温还原、铁物相精准调控与余热同步回收等一系列关键技术，建成了500kg/h复杂难选铁矿石悬浮磁化焙烧-高效分选半工业试验平台。     

Characterisation-Assisted Reduction Roasting of BHJ,West Singhbhum,Jharkhand, India

During the mining of high-grade iron ore, considerable amount of waste is generated. This poses a serious challenge to the environment as well as humans. But, with the depletion of high-grade ores, the Banded Haematite Jasper (BHJ) ore generated as a waste has attracted attention as an alternative source of iron. The purpose for this study is to develop the energy efficient process route for harnessing the Banded Hematite Jasper. Utilisation of the ore as a source of iron will also serve the additional purpose of getting rid of a major burden on the environment. Reduction roasting is a promising route for the beneficiation of the ore for the recovery of iron values profitably. However, no studies have been reported correlating the influence of the properties of the ore on the roasting process. This is crucial for developing a viable process route for reduction roasting. Preliminary characterization study of the sample indicated the presence of prismatic and specularity hematite grains embedded in fine grained siliceous matrix and vice versa. The ore contained 43.06% Fe, 36.54% SiO₂ and 0.21% Al₂O₃. Davies Tube magnetic separator of the ore indicated the absence of highly magnetic materials in the ore. Magnetic separation of the roasted ore resulted in significant enrichment of the ore with respect to iron. The optimized parameters for reduction roasting were 13 mm particle size, 60 min roasting time and 600 °C temperature.     

红土镍矿选择性还原焙烧过程中的相变转化

针对传统选矿方法难以回收低品位红七镍矿中有价金属镍的问题,采用选择性还原焙烧法研究了不同焙烧温度以及不同焙烧时间条件下红土镍矿(Ni品化为1.49%)中发生的微观结构变化以及相变转化.通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜及X射线能谱分析等测试手段分析表明,在不同焙烧温度及不同时间条件下经选择性还原后的红土镍矿中,镍氧化物逐渐被还原成镍铁合金相,铁氧化物主要转变成浮氏体相,硅酸盐主要以橄榄石形式存在.最后通过还原焙烧磁选试验证实,还原剂为烟煤,添加剂为NCS,两者用量分别为原矿质量的2%和7%,在1200℃条件下焙烧50min,磁选分离得到镍铁产品中镍品位为9.78%,镍的回收率为92.06%,镍铁回收率差为62.51%,实现了红土镍矿中镍铁的选择性还原.      

钙盐在硫酸渣直接还原同步脱硫中的作用及机理，北京 100083

研究了不同种类还原剂和钙盐脱硫剂组合对硫酸渣直接还原焙烧同步脱硫效果的影响.利用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对不同组合条件下所得焙烧矿进行了分析.硫酸渣中的黄铁矿和镁橄榄石与不同种类的钙盐脱硫剂在高温还原气氛中发生反应,生成金属铁和种类不同的含硫矿物硫化钙或硫硅钙石,通过磨矿-磁选的方法将金属铁与含硫矿物分离,从而达到一定的脱硫效果.不同还原剂和脱硫剂组合所得焙烧矿中含硫矿物存在状态不同,而且与金属铁之间的嵌布关系也不同.      

隐晶质鲕状赤铁矿磁化焙烧过程中铁物相转变规律

摘要：鲕状赤铁矿具有含磷高、易泥化,铁与脉石矿物呈鲕状嵌布结构等特点,常规的重选和浮选等工艺难以取得较好的选矿指标。磁化焙烧-磁选工艺是利用高磷鲕状赤铁矿最有效的手段之一。X射线衍射（XRD）分析结果表明,在750℃的条件下,焙烧矿中磁铁矿的相对质量分数最大。焙烧温度高于800℃会发生过还原现象,生成富氏体,不利于焙烧矿的弱磁选。光学显微镜分析表明磁化焙烧过程不会破坏鲕状赤铁矿的鲕粒结构,只发生铁物相的转变。赤铁矿到磁铁矿的晶型转变由表及里,但是多数鲕状赤铁矿颗粒不会完全磁化,磁化焙烧效果与粒度有关。全铁品位为43.74%的矿样,在焙烧温度750℃、焙烧时间60min的条件下,弱磁选可得到全铁品位为55.42%,铁回收率为85.66%的人工磁铁矿,磁铁矿转化率在90%以上。     

Existing and New Processes for Beneficiation of Indian Iron ores

The iron ore industries of India are expected to bring new technologies to cater to the need of the tremendous increase in demand for quality ores for steel making. With the high-grade ores depleting very fast, the focus is on the beneficiation of low-grade resources. However, most of these ores do not respond well to the conventional beneficiation techniques used to achieve a suitable concentrate for steel and other metallurgical industries. The present communication discusses the beneficiation practices in the Indian context and the recent developments in alternative processing technologies such as reduction roasting, microwave-assisted heating, magnetic carrier technology and bio-beneficiation. Besides, the use of new collectors in iron ore flotation is also highlighted.     

Tin and zinc separation from tin,zinc bearing complex iron ores by selective reduction process

Abstract

Tin, zinc bearing complex iron ores are typically intractable and have not been efficiently utilised in China. In this investigation, the process mineralogy of the tin, zinc bearing iron ores and reduction behaviours of iron, tin and zinc oxides by CO were investigated. A selective reduction roasting process was initially developed to separate tin and zinc from the complex iron ores. Under optimum conditions, most of the tin and zinc were effectively removed from the iron ore pellets, and the roasted pellets could be used as high quality ironmaking burdens for large scale blast furnaces.     

黄梅褐铁矿悬浮闪速磁化焙烧试验研究

以湖北黄梅褐铁矿为主要原料,研究焙烧气氛、温度和固气比等操作条件对褐铁矿焙烧指标的影响。研究结果表明:在一氧化碳含量(体积分数)3.50%左右,反应炉温度800～950℃,固气比0.5～0.8kg/m3条件下,通过闪速磁化焙烧得到的焙烧矿,品位在33%左右,可选性良好,采用简单的选矿流程,可得到较好的选矿指标,铁精矿品位达到60.67%,回收率达到94.49%.可见新研制的闪速磁化焙烧装置对褐铁矿的焙烧效果是很显著的。     

块状铁矿石竖炉磁化焙烧的工艺优化

竖炉磁化焙烧是处理难选红铁矿较有效的方法。通过对弱磁块矿竖炉磁化焙烧的试验研究,提出了更加科学、高效的竖炉磁化焙烧理论,在现有鞍山式竖炉的基础上,通过高效控制铁矿石竖炉磁化焙烧还原气氛,对竖炉磁化焙烧工艺进行了优化。结果表明：还原气体H2体积分数提高到12%±1%,同时降低CO体积分数,提高块矿焙烧还原温度,可获得最佳的磁化焙烧效果;通过独立设置铁矿石磁化焙烧还原煤气系统与加热煤气系统,可实现还原煤气的成分、流量、压力灵活调节;通过减少还原煤气总量,将矿石还原煤气量降低至1400～1600m3/h,降低竖炉的生产成本;通过独立的还原煤气系统,提高还原煤气中焦炉煤气比例,将H2体积分数控制在12%±1%,矿石磁化率控制在2.33左右,降低了竖炉磁化焙烧煤气消耗,提高矿石磁化焙烧质量;为保证还原煤气降低用量后的压力和喷出的均匀性,将还原煤气喷出塔的出口面积缩小50%,使矿石能够充分、均匀地完成还原。     

红土镍矿原矿性质及其对直接还原焙烧的影响机理

以两种红土镍矿为研究对象,通过光学显微镜、电子显微镜、X射线衍射等手段对试样进行了分析,对比其异同点,并进行选择性还原焙烧实验,研究红土矿原矿性质对其还原焙烧的影响.结果发现,两种试样所含主要矿物相同,载镍矿相同,镍在原矿中分布规律也相似,但由于Fe、Si和Mg含量的差异造成其选择性还原焙烧-磁选结果有很大差异.其原因可能是焙烧过程中铁、镁、钙等阳离子和硅氧离子形成不同硅酸盐,影响了焙烧矿的熔融性和镍的反应活性.      

贫赤铁-黄金尾渣悬浮态磁化焙烧选矿试验

针对河南黄金尾渣中低品位、难选的赤铁矿,采用悬浮态磁化焙烧-磁选工艺和阶段粉磨-磁选工艺流程对该黄金尾渣进行选矿试验,并取得了良好的效果:原矿铁品位只有27.30％,在焙烧温度750～850℃、焙烧时间2～3 s的煤基直接还原和一定的粉磨-磁选条件下,获得铁品位56.05％、回收率77.51％的铁精矿.分析了影响焙烧磁选的主要因素.     

低品位红土镍矿焙烧-碱浸过程中硅的转化

针对目前红土镍矿碱法处理过程中存在的问题提出工艺改进,研究低品位红土镍矿焙烧活化-碱浸过程中含硅矿物的转化。考察了焙烧温度对红土镍矿活性的影响,探索了红土镍矿经焙烧后碱浸过程中温度、时间、搅拌强度、液固比以及碱初始质量浓度对硅转化的影响。结果表明,红土镍矿经650 °C焙烧2 h后,活性得到明显提高,红土镍矿经焙烧后采用初始质量浓度为60 g/L的碱溶液,在搅拌速度为400 r/min、浸出温度为140 °C、液固比为5∶1的条件下浸出120 min,硅的转化率可达89.42%。     

Characterization and Reduction Roasting Studies of an Iron Rich Manganese Ore

The article presents the reduction roasting followed by low intensity magnetic separation studies of a low grade Mn ore assaying 27.7% Mn and 26.1% Fe in order to obtain a Mn rich non-magnetic concentrate. The reflected light microscopic studies followed by the liberation studies of the as-received sample using quantitative mineralogical evaluation by scanning electron microscope suggested a poor liberation pattern of the constituent Mn and Fe minerals owing to a complex association of the different phases present. The reduction roasting studies carried out while varying different process parameters such as ore particle size, temperature, reductant content and residence time ended up with products containing 45–48% Mn with a Mn/Fe ratio of 5–6 at a yield of ~ 60% with the optimum level of conditions such as temperature: 800–850 °C, time: 90–120 min and charcoal: 10–12%. The scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy studies of the roasted product reported manganite as the major Mn bearing phase while magnetite was found to be the major iron bearing phase.     

Upgrading of Low-Grade Manganese Ore by Selective Reduction of Iron Oxide and Magnetic Separation

The utilization of low-grade manganese ores has become necessary due to the intensive mining of high-grade ores for a long time. In this study, calcined ferruginous low-grade manganese ore was selectively reduced by CO, which converted hematite to magnetite, while manganese oxide was reduced to MnO. The iron-rich component was then separated by magnetic separation. The effects of the various reduction parameters such as particle size, reduction time, temperature, and CO content on the efficiency of magnetic separation were studied by single-factor experiments and by a comprehensive full factorial experiment. Under the best experimental conditions tested, the manganese content in the ore increased from around 36?wt?pct to more than 44?wt?pct, and almost 50?wt?pct of iron was removed at a Mn loss of around 5?pct. The results of the full factorial experiments allowed the identification of the significant effects and yielded regression equations for pct Fe removed, Mn/Fe, and pct Mn loss that characterize the efficiency of the upgrading process.     

赤褐铁矿磁化焙烧矿物组成和物相变化规律

磁化焙烧—磁选工艺是有效处理难选弱磁性氧化铁矿的最有效方法之一,所得到的铁精矿性质与天然磁铁矿性质具有较大的差别。反浮选结果表明,人工磁铁矿和天然磁铁矿在浮选性能方面具有较大的差异,采用XRD(X-ray diffraction)、显微镜测试技术观察磁化焙烧矿物组成和物相变化,原矿中硅以碎屑石英和硅质泥岩形式存在,焙烧后有部分硅质泥岩,还有部分石英是被铁矿包裹,分布较原矿分散,即磁化焙烧形成的磁铁矿有一定的包裹、充填和浸染现象,具有不完整的晶体结构,分布分散,矿石内部组织结构的不均匀程度增加。原矿有用矿物主要以Fe2O3形式存在,脉石矿物主要是石英;焙烧后铁矿物的赋存由Fe2O3转变成Fe3O4为主,并掺杂Fe2O3,FeO,Fe,矿物组成发生变化,矿物不均匀性增强。焙烧物中还出现高铁橄榄石和铁硅酸盐峰,一部分橄榄石和硅酸盐矿物进入反浮选精矿,造成铁损失。     

Beneficiation of High-Aluminium-Content Hematite Ore by Soda Ash Roasting

High-aluminium-content iron ore is one of typical intractable iron ores, and magnetic separation and floatation processes are found impracticable to remove alumina from the ore effectively. In this article, a new process, roasting with addition of soda followed by leaching, is developed to remove aluminium from the ore. Results show that Al₂O₃ content decreases from 8.16% in raw ore to 2.13% in iron concentrate, and total iron grade increases from 48.92 to 63.21% when the ore is roasted at 1000°C for 15 min with the addition of 14.0% (wt.) sodium carbonate. Mechanisms of aluminium–iron separation were studied by using XRD, SEM, and thermodynamic methods, and it is shown that aluminium is transformed into sodium aluminosilicate, sodium aluminate, and corundum during roasting; sodium aluminate is able to be leached by water, so is sodium aluminosilicate by dilute acid solution, while corundum remains in the iron concentrate.     

某褐铁矿磁化焙烧-磁选工艺的探讨

通过对某复杂褐铁矿进行磁化焙烧-磁选工艺条件的研究,在最佳焙烧温度750℃,焙烧时间50min,还原剂用量7％的磁化焙烧条件下,采用探索实验流程获得了铁精矿品位56．59％,铁回收率为74．60％的良好指标,对开发同类型矿石具有借鉴意义。     

浸出条件对稀土和铁浸出率的影响试验

以稀土精矿浓硫酸焙烧工艺中焙烧矿水浸过程为对象,研究了焙烧矿浸出温度、浸出时间、焙烧矿粒度等条件对稀土、铁浸出率的影响,并对水浸渣中稀土赋存状态进行了研究。研究表明,浸出温度和焙烧矿粒度对稀土、铁的浸出速率有较大影响,但对其浸出率没有影响,延长浸出时间,焙烧矿中的可溶性稀土、铁均可被浸出。水浸渣中的稀土主要以磷酸盐和氟氧化稀土形式存在,铁主要以磷酸铁形式存在,并含有少量硫化铁。     

酒钢尾矿制粒磁化焙烧试验研究

酒钢本部尾矿坝现堆存铁品位21%~24%的尾矿约7 000万t,为使尾矿中的铁资源得以回收利用,开展了酒钢尾矿制粒-磁化焙烧-干选抛废-磨矿磁选试验研究,结果表明,在煤粉与矿样的质量比为1.5%,焙烧温度为810℃,焙烧时间为30 min,焙烧产物磨矿细度为-0.074 mm占80%,弱磁选磁场强度为125 m T条件下,可获得铁品位为56.13%、铁回收率为72.87%的铁精矿。     

红土镍矿还原焙烧-磁选试验研究

论述了采用还原焙烧-磁选工艺处理含镍1.66%、全铁13.0%的红土矿。考察了配煤量、焙烧温度和焙烧时间对焙烧球团铁、镍品位及铁金属化率的影响;当焙烧温度达到1 350℃时出现粒铁。磁选结果表明,粒铁的生成有利于磁选精矿中铁、镍品位的提高,磨矿粒度越细,磁选效果越好。试验结果达到镍质量分数(含量)6.56%、全铁51.60%。