京唐1号高炉低燃料比冶炼技术

为了降低京唐高炉燃料消耗,通过对Rist操作线的意义进行阐述,以京唐1号高炉生产参数为依据,计算并绘制了Rist操作线,据此分析了煤气利用率、风温、生铁含碳、金属化率等高炉操作参数改变对燃料比的影响。针对这些影响因素,京唐1号高炉对降低燃料比进行了一系列攻关工作,通过采取强化原燃料管理,提高原燃料质量,为降低燃料消耗创造条件。优化高炉操作,降低热风炉拱顶温度,对热风管系进行改造,提高送风系统的安全性,尽可能提高风温水平;优化装料制度,获得较高的煤气利用率;高风温、富氧,稳定均匀喷吹以提高煤粉置换比。通过对生产攻关实践,首钢京唐1号高炉实现了低燃料比生产,达到490kg/t。     

首钢股份1号高炉富氧喷煤操作线及应用

以首钢股份1号高炉2018年某阶段的数据及参数为基础,计算得出富氧喷煤状态下的高炉操作线及理想操作线,能清晰地表达出高炉生产状况,明确高炉生产的节约燃料方向,理论上1号高炉的最大节约燃料量为22kg/t。重点分析了煤气利用率、风温、生铁硅含量等变化对高炉焦比的影响,并针对1号高炉的具体状况,提出了一些降低燃料比的措施。     

本钢7号高炉降低燃料消耗的研究与实践

以降本增效为研究目标,以本钢7号高炉为研究和实践对象,利用计算Rist操作线的方法,根据实际生产数据,绘制出实际和理想的Rist操作线图。通过对比两条操作线,计算出7号高炉降低焦比的潜能。在此基础上,利用优化装料制度对高炉降耗进行了实践。实践表明,通过理论计算和操作实践相结合,可以降低燃料消耗,7号高炉的入炉焦比和燃料比都得到了有效降低。     

首秦1号高炉低燃料比操作实践

对首秦1号高炉低燃料比生产操作实践进行了总结.通过采取改善人炉原燃料质量、提高高炉生产操作水平、优化高炉操作制度等措施,不断提高喷煤比,降低焦比,实现了低燃料比生产操作.     

太钢3号高炉低燃料比冶炼实践

对太钢3号高炉低燃料比冶炼操作实践进行了总结。通过加强原、燃料管理,优化高炉操作参数,优化炉前出铁,使高炉长期稳定顺行,实现了高炉低燃料比冶炼。     

高炉低燃料比操作技术

一、前言 钢铁工业能耗占我国总能耗的15—16％。高炉炼铁,占钢铁联合企业总能耗的70—80％。其中太部分是高炉燃料。 降低高炉燃料比是高炉操作技术的最高目标。本公司为了降低燃料比,广泛比较择用有关新技术,改善原料性质,控制炉料分布,稳定炉况操作制度,实现了高炉的低燃料比操作。千叶6号高炉大幅度降低燃料比就是一例。以下介绍该炉概况。     

降低燃料比和提高富氧率增加高炉产量

根据宝钢3号高炉的生产数据,分析了降低燃料比、提高富氧率对高炉强化的影响。认为在高炉允许的炉腹煤气量时,降低燃料比和提高富氧率,从而减少单位生铁的炉腹煤气量是高炉强化的决定性因素。对生产操作数据进行诺模化,制作成衡量高炉操作的诺模图,用来估计高炉运行的情况。     

莱钢2号高炉炉役后期低燃料比实践

对莱钢2号高炉炉役后期低燃料比生产实践进行了总结。2号高炉炉役后期炉缸第2层侧壁温度出现阶段性上升,对其进行控制后高炉燃料比升高较多,认为入炉原燃料质量波动和冷却壁损坏影响操作炉型是制约2号高炉低燃料比冶炼的两个关键因素。通过采取及时确定焦炭水分、时间布料法、稳定边沿气流、快速更换炉身上部冷却壁等措施,实现了低燃料比冶炼的目标,2016年1月燃料比逐步降低至504kg/t。     

湘钢4号高炉强化冶炼实践

对湘钢4号高炉强化冶炼实践进行了总结。在入炉原燃料质量不断劣化的情况下,通过采取大风量操作,下部活跃炉缸、上部开放两道煤气流,控制合理操作炉型等措施,高炉维持了长周期稳定,减缓了原燃料对高炉的影响,实现了高利用系数、低燃料比的生产目标。     

武钢8号高炉现阶段降耗途径分析

运用Rist操作线和高温热平衡理论对武钢8号高炉现阶段降焦途径作了定量分析,指出该高炉节能降耗最佳途径是将提高煤气利用率和降低冷却热损有效结合起来,通过调整布料、控制合理炉型、优化高炉操作及冷却水参数的控制。在现有的生产条件下,8号高炉燃料比具有降至500kg/t以下的潜力。     

Estimation of Energy Consumption in COREX Process Using a Modified Rist Operating Diagram

Fuel consumption in the COREX-3000 process run in Baosteel is currently higher than the design index.Therefore,mass and heat balance equations for the COREX process were established using the basic principles included in the Rist operating diagram for blast furnace(BF)as a reference.Thermodynamic calculations were then used to modify the Rist operating diagram so that it was suitable for the COREX process.The modified Rist operating diagram was then applied for the evaluation of metallization rate(MR)and fuel structure to reduce the energy consumption in the COREX process.The modified Rist operating diagram for the shaft furnace(SF)provided a nearly ideal value for the restriction point W when the metallization rate was increased,while the point Pon the operating line for the melter gasifier(MG)moved upward due to reduction in the heat required in hearth.The feasibility of reducing the energy consumption during the COREX process by changing the fuel structure was also demonstrated.     

Development of an analytical equation for calculation of the blast furnace fuel rate

Analytical expressions are developed for calculating the specific fuel rate and the direct reduction rate for the iron blast furnace process as a function of blast conditions as well as other control parameters for the process. These are relevant for carbonaceous as well as hydrogenaceous gases in the system. The equations are based on an oxygen balance and a heat balance for the bottom half of the furnace, separated from the upper half at the location where equilibrium of the gas phase with wustite and iron is assumed to occur and where the temperatures of the gas and solid streams are approximately equal. The mass and heat balances employed are those which are the basis for the classical Rist diagram. Equations were also derived for the constraints of the Carbon-Direct Reduction (C-DRR) diagram, showing that this diagram and the Rist diagram emphasize different variables of the same model. An interpretation of the constraints operating in the diagrams is also given from the point of view of blast furnace operating practice.     

COREX熔融气化炉Rist操作线的建立和应用

考虑了块煤在熔融气化炉上部挥发分的析出和采用部分氧气燃烧析出挥发分中的焦油和碳氢化合物这一特点,利用改进的Rist操作线原理,建立了熔融气化炉操作线图,直观地体现了不同因素对炼铁过程能耗的影响.讨论了COREX熔融气化炉内上部吹氧燃烧焦油和碳氢化合物后操作线的变化,对比了加入不同块煤和半焦对上部吹氧量、能耗的影响,分析了将块煤中挥发分脱除后以半焦的形式加入炉内,熔融气化炉上部煤气氧化度、温度和煤气量的变化,以及对能耗的影响.      

Effect of harmful elements on the coke ratio of blast furnace

The circulation and accumulation of harmful elements in the blast furnace leads to a decrease in gas utilisation and an increase in heat consumption, which can cause the increase of coke ratio. In this paper, the effect of harmful elements on the coke ratio was quantitatively studied using the Rist diagram. The results show that the effect degree of each harmful element on the coke ratio varies. The influence orders of accumulation times and loads of harmful elements on the coke ratio are Na?>?K>Zn and Zn?>?Na?>?K, respectively. The increase of heat consumption has more effect on the coke ratio than the decrease of gas utilisation. The total increase of coke ratio by the effect of K, Na and Zn is 14.2, 35.8 and 9.3?kg/tHM, respectively, of which the effect of heat consumption accounts for 55.9, 60.9, 60.9%, respectively.     

不同炉料结构高炉实现低碳排放的解析

 为了进一步实现高炉低碳排放目标，对以烧结矿或球团矿为主导的炉料结构进行比较分析。首先列举了国内外不同炉料结构高炉的操作参数和生产指标，并利用炉料冶金性能试验、物料平衡和热平衡计算、Rist操作线等分析方法对典型的以烧结矿为主的宝钢炉料结构和低燃料消耗进行深入解析，同时对以球团矿占主导的瑞典SSAB炉料结构的低燃料消耗指标进行比较。从高炉实际数据分析可以得出，低燃料消耗和炉料结构的关系是十分密切的，高入炉矿品位、低渣量、高的煤气利用率是实现低燃耗的关键。在宝钢的实际操作中，通过优化炉料结构、降低燃耗可以减少8%~10%的碳排放，而瑞典高炉燃耗更低，可实现更低的碳排放。研究结果可对国内外高炉低碳排放的生产操作提供借鉴。     

济钢1^#1750m^3高炉节焦潜力分析

根据济钢高炉的实际生产数据绘制了里斯特操作线图,应用该图计算出1^#1750m^3高炉仍有降低焦比40.61kg/t的潜力。同时,计算表明,生铁含硅改变0.1%影响焦比4.33kg/t,热风风温提高100℃可降低焦比21.24kg/t,高炉煤气中CO2变化1%影响焦比8.52kg/t。为此提出了优化布料方式、提高风温等操作措施,以实现高炉燃耗指标的降低。     

Injections in the iron blast furnace: a graphics study by means of the rist operating diagram

A graphics study of injections in the iron blast furnace, made over 20 years ago in the Rist operating diagram, has been extended and refined further. The procedure is enlarged to treat many types of injections available for the blast furnace, including injection of an inert gas heated by a plasma. At issue is the behavior in the diagram of lines associated with the specific coke and fuel rates for the process as an injection is made. For this, new geometrical properties for the diagram are employed, namely, the decomposition of lines and derivation of pivots governing their rotation in the diagram. This results in an analogue model that facilitates interpretation and comprehension of the effect of an injection on the process while predicting quantitatively thermochemical changes in the furnace over a wide range of operation.     

用风口耗氧量来评估某些高炉操作制度

从低碳炼铁的角度研究高炉采取的各种操作制度的合理性非常必要。用Rist模型和风口耗氧量来评估增加渣量、提高炉腹煤气量、高富氧高湿度、低硅冶炼等操作制度。研究了增加渣量不仅要增加炉渣的熔化热,而且由于风口耗氧量的增加,将提高直接还原度,提高燃料比。高富氧高湿度冶炼,由于水分解需要消耗碳素,同时附加了热量消耗,使风口耗氧量增加;唯有改善炉身效率,增加间接还原,充分利用炉内煤气热能和化学能,才能补偿风口耗氧量引起的负面影响。目前中国高炉的炉身效率普遍偏低,而低硅冶炼应在提高煤气利用率与低燃料比的基础上进行才能发挥效果。由此提出在种种操作制度下需要关注的方面,供操作者参考。