稀土Sm对AZ92镁合金耐腐蚀性能的影响

以AZ92镁合金为研究对象,添加少量稀土Sm(0～1.1%),利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱分析法、静态腐蚀失重法和电化学测试等方法研究了少量稀土Sm对AZ92镁合金微观组织、腐蚀速率影响,并探讨了稀土Sm对AZ92镁合金耐腐蚀性能的影响机制。结果表明:随着合金中Sm含量的增加,AZ92合金中粗大枝状β-Mg17Al12组织枝晶断裂,逐渐转变为小岛状,体积分数下降,同时Sm原子结合Al,Mn原子转变成颗粒状Al-Mn-Sm相和Al-Sm相;通过静态腐蚀失重和电化学实验可知AZ92-xSm合金抗腐蚀性能优于AZ92合金。在3.5%NaCl水溶液中,Sm含量达到0.5%时,镁合金腐蚀速率趋于最小值,仅为AZ92合金的42%左右,抗腐蚀性能明显提高。     

超声处理对含稀土的AZ91镁合金性能及组织的影响

在AZ91镁合金熔炼过程中加入混合稀土Y,Gd并辅以超声熔体处理工艺制备合金,利用万能试验机、光学显微镜(OM)和透射电镜(TEM),探讨了添加混合稀土和超声波处理对AZ91镁合金微观组织和力学性能的影响,分析了其作用机制。实验结果表明,添加混合稀土Y,Gd后,未经超声处理的合金,稀土化合物存在于合金晶内和晶界上,α-Mg基体组织得到细化,晶界上的β相减少,合金的抗拉强度σb和延伸率δ可分别达到261 MPa和4.5%。同时,施加超声处理能进一步细化合金组织,α-Mg基体晶粒更加等轴细小,抑制β相在晶界处的连续网状分布。稀土相趋于弥散均匀分布,促进了稀土元素的细晶强化作用,这样使合金抗拉强度提高到270 MPa,延伸率达到7.2%。当混合稀土添加总量超过一定范围后,会形成粗大化合物并割裂基体,这时超声处理对合金组织的改善作用有限,合金力学性能呈现下降趋势。     

铈对铸造镁合金AZ91D显微组织与力学性能的影响

利用光学金相显微镜OM和XRD分析了分别加入0．1％，0．3％，0．5％，0．7％和1．0％Ce的AZ91D合金显微组织和相组成，测试了室温力学性能和硬度。结果表明，加入一定量Ce后的AZ91D合金形成杆状化合物Al4Ce，被推移到生长界面，阻碍枝晶的自由生长，从而细化合金显微组织；Ce能提高AZ91D合金室温抗拉强度和硬度，而对其屈服强度和延伸率影响不大；加入0．7％Ce的AZ91D合金晶粒细化效果好，其综合力学性能比较理想。     

钪对AZ91合金组织和性能的影响

研究钪在AZ91合金中的相组成、形貌及其对合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明,钪在合金中生成Al3Sc高温耐热相,细化了枝晶组织。钪添加量为0.6%时,室温和200℃的抗拉强度分别为265.4MPa和161.1MPa。钪可显著降低合金自腐蚀电流密度,但腐蚀电位只有轻微增加。     

钆对AZ91合金组织和性能的影响

分析钆在AZ91合金中的形貌、相组成、组织成分对力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,钆的含量为1%~3%时,合金晶粒尺寸随着钆含量的增加而减小,且由树枝晶向等轴晶转变;当钆含量超过3%时,晶粒尺寸随钆含量增加开始逐步增大,且晶内缺陷增加;在钆含量达到5%时,合金中再次出现枝晶组织。当合金中钆含量为3%时,力学性能最好,其室温抗拉强度为261.6 MPa,延伸率为4.6%,分别比不添加钆的合金提高了34.6%和70.4%;200℃的抗拉强度为148.7 MPa,延伸率为4.1%,分别比不添加钆的合金提高了47.8%和32.3%。随着钆含量的增加,合金的腐蚀电流密度大幅度降低,自腐蚀电位略有增加。     

稀土元素铈对镁合金AZ91D显微组织和力学性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射和扫描电镜等分析研究含铈镁合金AZ91D（0．25％Ce、0．7％Ce、0．95％Ce）的显微组织,并对其力学性能进行了测试,同时与不含铈镁合金AZ91D进行了比较。结果表明,加入一定量Ce后的镁合金AZ91D形成杆状化合物Al4Ce,被推移到生长界面,阻碍枝晶的自由生长,从而细化合金显微组织;Ce能提高镁合金AZ91D抗拉强度和硬度,而对其屈服强度和延伸率影响不大;加入0．7％Ce的AZ91D镁合金晶粒细化效果和综合力学性能比较理想。     

时效对新型Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金力学及应力腐蚀性能的影响

通过力学性能和电导率测试、慢应变速率试验(SSRT)以及显微组织TEM分析,研究了不同时效制度对新型Al-7.5Zn-1.7Mg-1.4Cu-0.12Zr合金力学及应力腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,合金的力学性能和应力腐蚀性能与时效制度密切相关。T6状态下,晶内析出相弥散细小,晶界析出相呈连续分布,合金的强度最高,抗应力腐蚀性能最差;经T7双级过时效处理后,晶界析出相粗化呈离散分布,出现明显宽化的晶间无析出带,合金的抗应力腐蚀性能得到明显提高,但其强度损失较多。经三级时效处理后,合金的组织综合了T6态和T7态的优点,使合金既有高的强度又有良好的抗应力腐蚀性能,合金的极限抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率和电导率分别达到580,570 MPa,16.7%和23.3 MS.m-1。     

机械振动对再生铝合金组织和力学性能的影响

通过光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)等分析测试方法研究了机械振动对再生铸造铝合金的微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:在未添加3%Al-3B的再生铸造铝合金凝固过程中施加机械振动使粗大枝晶破碎,初生α(Al)相趋于等轴晶,二次枝晶臂间距减小;在加入3%Al-3B的再生铝凝固过程中施加机械振动,能显著地细化合金中的组织并改善富铁相的形貌,使长针状的富铁相转变为短棒状或球状且均匀的分布于晶界处;同时增大振动频率还能较大幅度地改善再生铝合金的力学性能,当振动频率为40 Hz时,振动效果最佳,晶粒尺寸明显减小,由91μm减小到63μm,且二次枝晶臂间距最小,合金的室温抗拉强度和伸长率分别为171 MPa,4.74%,合金的强度和伸长率相对于无振动条件下的分别提高了约9.6%,34.6%,其合金力学性能最优。     

Al-Ti-B对AZ91D镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

研究了Al-Ti-B对AZ91D镁合金铸态显微组织和力学性能的影响，并探讨其化学成分与组织结构和力学性能之间的变化。研究结果表明：Al-Ti-B加入AZ91D镁合金，能明显细化组织晶粒，从而改善合金的室温力学性能。当加入Al-Ti-B时，合金晶粒细化效果较好，其室温力学性能和硬度比原来都有较大的提高。     

铈镧混合稀土对AZ91D压铸镁合金显微组织和蠕变性能的影响

研究了不同含量Ce/La(x=0,0.1,0.5,1.0)对AZ91D镁合金显微组织及蠕变性能的影响。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱分析(EDX)观察与分析表明,压铸AZ91D镁合金中添加Ce/La后,除了α-Mg,β-Mg17Al12相之外,还生成了新的稀土化合物Al11RE3(RE=Ce/La)化合物,并且细化了合金显微组织、提高了合金室温和高温力学性能。生成的Al11RE3(RE=Ce/La)高温热稳定相使AZ91D+xCe/La(x=0,0.1,0.5,1.0)合金在150℃,50MPa下的蠕变抗力优于AZ91D镁合金,1%Ce/La的合金与AZ91D相比,蠕变延伸率低了0.2%,最小蠕变速率从2.30×10-8s-1降低到2.02×10-8s-1。蠕变试样的微观组织结构分析表明:AZ91D合金的蠕变机制主要以晶界滑移方式为主,Al11RE3(RE=Ce/La)热稳定相在晶界处延缓和阻碍了晶界断裂的过程。     

Grain coarsening in semi-solid state and tensile mechanical properties of thixoformed AZ91D-RE

For thixoforming to be possible,the microstructure of the starting material must be non-dendritic,which can be obtained by the strain induced melt activation(SIMA)route.Based on the SIMA route,as-cast AZ91D alloy with the addition of yttrium was deformed by cyclic closed-die forging(CCDF).Microstructure evolution of CCDF formed AZ91D-RE alloy during partial remelting were investigated.Furthermore,the mechanical properties of thixoformed AZ91D-RE magnesium alloy components were also studied.The results showed that prolonged holding time resulted in grain coarsening and the improvement in degree of spheroidization.The coarsening behaviour of solid grains in the semi-solid state obeyed Ostwald ripening mechanism.The coarsening rate constant of CCDF formed AZ91D-RE during partial remelting was 324 um3/s at 550℃.The value of yield strength,ultimate tensile strength and elongation to fracture of four-pass CCDF formed AZ91D-RE magnesium alloy were 214.9,290.5 MPa and 14%,respectively.Then the four-pass CCDF formed alloys were used for thixoforming.After holding at 550℃ for 5 min,the values of yield strength,ultimate tensile strength and elongation to fracture of thixoformed component were 189.6 MPa,274.6 MPa and 12%,respectively.However,prolonged holding time led to remarkable decrease in mechanical properties of thixoformed components.     

Fabrication of a novel Mg-RE(Nd,Ce) intermetallic compound coating by molten salt diffusion and its effect on corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys

A novel Mg-rare earth(Nd,Ce) coating containing intermetallic compound was fabricated on the surface of the AZ91D magnesium alloy by bathing the sample in a NaCl-KCl-LiCl-NdCl_3-CeCl_3 molten salt. The cross-sectional morphology, microstructure and phase composition of the coating were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS). The corrosion resistance was characterized by the potentiodynamic polarization curves. The SEM observation indicated that a continuous and compact diffusion coating was obtained on the surface of SMATed AZ91D magnesium alloy and the XRD and TEM investigations revealed that the new phases were Al_2Ce and Al_2Nd intermetallic. The potentiodynamic polarization curves showed that the Mg-RE coating improved the corrosion resistance of the AZ91D magnesium alloy, and the corrosion current density of the coated sample was about 1510 mA /cm~2 lower than the uncoated sample.     

AZ91镁合金稀土表面改性的研究

研究了采用稀土多元共渗方法提高AZ91镁合金表面耐腐蚀性能的作用。结果表明,该方法可以有效地改善镁合金表面耐全面腐蚀、点蚀的性能,提高镁合金表面在温热潮湿环境下的稳定性。经过稀土渗入处理后的镁合金,显微组织均匀、致密,有利于耐蚀性的提高。     

Effect of mischmetal on mechanical properties and microstructure of die-cast magnesium alloy AZ91D

Effects of the mischmetal addition in range of 0.4 wt.% to 1.7 wt.% on the microstructure and mechanical properties of die-cast magnesium AZ91D were investigated to improve the elevated temperature mechanical properties of the alloy by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and tensile tests. The results revealed that mechanical properties of die-cast magnesium alloy AZ91D-0.4%MM at 100 oC were near to those of die-cast magnesium alloy AZ91D. The ultimate tensile strength, 0.2% proof yield strength and elongation to failure of die-cast magnesium alloy AZ91D at 170 oC were 178, 129 MPa and 20%, respectively. In comparison, the ultimate tensile strength, 0.2% proof yield strength and elongation to failure of die-cast magnesium alloy AZ91D-0.4%MM at 170 oC reached to 206, 142 MPa and 26%, respectively increased by 15.7%, 10% and 30%. Proper addition of mischmetal could enhance the mechanical properties at an elevated temperature, which was attributed to the formation of Al-RE phases with high thermal stability. Hence sliding of grain boundaries and cracks could be effectively hindered by Al-RE phases.     

不同加热轧制AZ91镁合金带材数值模拟及试验验证

利用有限元法研究了热辊热带(HSR-HR)、热辊冷带(NSR-HR)和冷辊热带(HSR-NR)3种不同加热方式下AZ91镁合金轧制过程热-力行为,并进行了大压下率热辊冷带工艺试验和组织性能分析。结果表明,HSR-HR、NSR-HR及HSR-NR 3种加热轧制方式的应力三轴度依次增大,中性点附近应力状态软性系数依次减小。热辊冷带方式通过热量传递兼具变形和退火双重作用, 确保了轧件变形温度和变形均匀性,有利于镁合金塑性变形极限提升和轧制过程裂纹愈合。辊面温度达300 ℃以上时,3道次轧后镁合金带材宏观形貌较好,组织发生了充分的动态再结晶,晶粒细化明显,有效提高了镁合金室温塑性和强度。辊面温度为350 ℃和轧制压下率为67%条件下,轧后带材抗拉强度和伸长率分别达312 MPa和32.3%。     

细晶Mg-Al-Ti-C中间合金的制备及其对AZ91D组织和性能的影响

采用两步法+铜模喷铸的方式制备具有颗粒增强和细晶强化作用的Mg-Al-Ti-C中间合金,并研究了其对AZ91D组织和性能的影响。通过OM、SEM、XRD、硬度及拉伸试验对中间合金和AZ91D的组织形貌和力学性能进行分析。结果表明,两步法制备得到了Mg-Al-Ti-C中间合金,经过铜模喷铸后,TiC颗粒尺寸大幅度减小,且弥散分布于Mg-Al-Ti-C中间合金中;用该细晶Mg-Al-Ti-C中间合金处理AZ91D,后者的抗拉强度提高了19.8%,硬度提高了64.9%;TiC颗粒既有颗粒增强作用,也能作为AZ91D凝固时的异质形核核心,起到细晶强化作用。     

Effect of samarium on microstructure and corrosion resistance of aged as-cast AZ92 magnesium alloy

The effects of samarium（Sm） on microstructure and corrosion resistance of AZ92 magnesium alloy were characterized and analyzed by scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray diffraction, mass loss test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and potentio-dynamic polarization test. The results showed that the added Sm could promote continuous precipitation of β-Mg17Al12 phase in grains, and meanwhile restrain discontinuous precipitation of the same phase along the grain boundaries. Thus, the precipitations distributed more uniformly in the aged AZ92 magnesium alloys. When the content of Sm was 0.5 wt.%, the corrosion resistance of aged AZ92 alloy tended to be the best, which was due to the β-phase distributes more homogeneous reducing the galvanic corrosion. The corrosion product film had more integrality and compactness than AZ92 alloys without Sm. However, it resulted in worse corrosion resistance of AZ92 alloy because of the formation of mass cathodic Al2 Sm phase coming from excess Sm in AZ92 alloy.