紧耦合气雾化制备热喷涂NiCrAlY合金粉

采用紧耦合气雾化技术制备热喷涂NiCrAlY合金粉末，对NiCrAlY合金粉末的物理性能、粒度分布、粉末形貌、微观结构和物相组成等进行了分析。结果表明，粉末以球形和近球形颗粒为主，85%粉末粒径小于150μm。粉末显微组织主要由树枝晶和胞状晶组成，粒径25～250μm的粉末凝固冷速大约在4000～67000 K·s^-1。粒径尺寸小于50μm的粉末内部结构致密，少量尺寸大于50μm的颗粒内部出现凝固缩孔和空心缺陷。粉末晶界和晶内存在Y、Si元素偏析，粉末物相结构主要由γ’-Ni3Al、γ-Ni固溶体相组成。     

制粉方法对Inconel718合金粉末组织和性能的影响

以Inconel718合金为研究对象，分别采用等离子旋转电极法（PREP）和气体雾化法（VIGA）制备了金属球形粉末，研究了不同制粉方法对粉末在热处理前后的组织和成分分布的影响，采用对流热交换原理对两种制粉方法对应的冷速进行了模拟计算。分析结果表明：采用PERP法制备的Inconel718合金粉末在氧增量、球形度及流动性方面具有一定的优势，而VIGA法制备粉末有利于提高粉末的显微硬度、细粉粒径；两种粉末经过相同的热处理工艺后，其组织变化规律相同，均析出富Nb和Mo相。模拟计算结果表明：VIGA法制备细粒径粉末的冷速明显高于PREP法对应的粉末，与实验对应的性能数据结果相吻合。     

射频等离子体制备球形复合镍钛粉体

以气雾化镍粉和不规则形状的钛粉作为原料,采用TEKNA射频等离子体设备制备宏观等原子比的球形复合镍钛粉末。研究载气流量对球化粉末的形貌、粒径、相分布和元素分布的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜和粒度分析仪表征粉体的形貌和粒径分布; 通过XRD和EDS表征粉体的相以及元素分布。研究发现:与原料粉末相比,采用射频等离子体制备的复合粉末的粒径明显增大; 载气流量增加会引起粉末镍元素质量分数的增加,在载气流量为2.5 L/min时,镍质量分数为55.2%,是最为接近理想的质量分数,球化率达到100%;球化粉末由Ni相、Ti相、NiTi相三相组成; 各个粉末颗粒都能观察到Ni、Ti 2种元素,但各个颗粒中含有的钛、镍元素质量分数是不完全相同的。      

粉末粒度对热等静压法制备2A12铝合金组织与性能的影响

分别用3种不同粒度的氮气雾化2A12铝合金粉末为原料,采用热等静压法制备2A12铝合金,研究粉末粒度对合金组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:热等静压可实现2A12铝合金粉末的近全致密化,粉末粒径越小,粒径分布范围越广,则致密化程度越高,同时几何尺寸收缩较大,压坯的相对密度最高达到97.6%;粒度较大的粉末经过热等静压后,颗粒边界趋于平直,边界与边界的夹角趋于均匀的120°,而粒度较小的粉末原始边界严重变形,部分小颗粒甚至融合在一起;随粉末粒度减小及粒径分布范围增大,Al和Cu等合金元素的析出相由点状连续分布变为集中分布在粉末颗粒的三向交叉处,微观组织更致密均匀,颗粒边界细小,颗粒之间的扩散连接加强。粒度最小的2A12铝合金粉末经热等静压后,析出的合金元素第二相对合金有强化作用,抗拉强度和伸长率都提高,分别达到306 MPa和10.5%。     

激光3D打印TC4球形合金粉末的制备

采用真空旋转电极气雾化法(EIGA)制备激光3D打印用TC4钛合金球形粉末,利用SEM、XRD、EDS、激光粒度分析仪、霍尔流速计等分析方法对制得球形粉末的形成机制、表面微观组织、成分、相组成、粒度分布、流动性和松装密度等进行了研究,结果表明:在工艺参数为感应功率60k W,雾化气压6.0MPa条件下,EIGA法成功制备了激光3D打印用TC4钛合金球状粉末,粉末球形度达到98%以上,含氧量(质量分数)为0.09%;合金粉末中Ti、Al、V等元素分布均匀,粉末颗粒表面物相为密排六方α'-Ti单相固溶体;制得的TC4粉末表面平整、光洁,粒度分布均匀,主要粒径在1~180μm之间,粉末流动性为24.1 s/50g,松装密度为2.699 g/cm3,松装密度比为60.93%,符合激光3D打印用TC4钛合金粉末特征要求.     

超声雾化Sn-Pb焊锡粉的组织特征及其抗氧化性能

采用定氧仪、扫描电镜和俄歇表面谱仪研究了超声雾化制备的Sn-Pb焊粉的氧化速率、组织与形貌特征，并与离心雾化焊粉进行了对比。结果表明：超声雾化法制备的粉末形貌和球形度明显优于离心雾化，但在大气中放置粉末的增氧速度较快。显微组织对比发现超声雾化制备的粉末组织晶粒细小、两相分布更加均匀；俄歇分析表明超声雾化粉末表面Pb出现一定程度的富集；高频振动和快冷促进了粉末组织的细化，表面富铅、晶界和相界数量增加是造成焊锡粉室温抗氧化性不足的主要原因。     

纳米级W-Ni-Fe-Y系硬质合金复合氧化物粉末的制备

用Ｈ２ＷＯ４和ＮｉＣｌ２碱性水溶液与ＦｅＣｌ２和Ｙ２Ｏ３的酸性水溶液快速混合方法，在超声喷雾热转换装置中制备ＷＮｉＦｅＹ系纳米级复合氧化物粉末。通过Ｘ射线衍射及透射电镜分析，研究了复合粉末的物相组成、颗粒形貌及粒径范围．结果表明，采用上述两种溶液快速混合及超声喷雾热转换的方法，可以制备成分均匀的复合氧化物粉末。其物相组成为ＷＯ３，ＮｉＯ，Ｙ２Ｏ３，粉末的千粒平均粒径为３２ｎｍ，颗粒形貌近似球形，用ＢＥＴ法测定的粒径为３０ｎｍ。     

快速凝固偏晶合金的显微结构

采用雾化快速凝固技术制备了ＡｌＰｂ二元偏晶合金。对合金的显微结构分析结果表明，在快速凝固条件下，偏晶合金中的第二相形态从带条状转变为颗粒状。随冷速的增加，第二相在基体中的分布更趋均匀、细化；随冷速的降低和第二相含量的增加，第二相趋于分布于材料的表面。本文从凝固过程的凝固速度和固／液界面对第二相液滴的界面排斥对上述现象进行了解释。     

真空雾化法制备MCrAlTaY合金粉末

为了满足现代航空发动机高推比的要求,用真空雾化法制备了MCrAlTaY合金粉末,同时对合金粉末的相貌、微观组织和合金元素的作用进行了分析。研究结果表明:用该技术生产的粉末球形度高,微观组织均匀,第二相的析出细小,保证了满足涂层的使用性能。     

CuCr50合金粉末的制备及微观组织分析

开发了高温高真空气雾化技术 ,并利用该技术制备了CuCr5 0合金化粉末 ,对合金粉末的相貌、微观组织和合金元素成分分布进行了分析。研究结果表明 :粉末球形度高 ,合金化状况良好 ,微观组织均匀 ,Cr析出相细小 ,有利于提高触头材料的综合使用性能。     

Amorphous Phase Formation Analysis of Rapidly Solidified CoCr Droplets

This paper investigates amorphous phase formation and rapid solidification characteristics of a CoCr alloy. High cooling rate and high undercooling-induced rapid solidification of the alloy was achieved by impulse atomization in helium atmosphere. Two atomization experiments were carried out to generate powders of a wide size range from liquid CoCr at two different temperatures. Amorphous fraction and kinetic crystallization properties of impulse atomized powders were systematically quantified by means of differential scanning calorimetry. In addition, different but complementary characterization tools were used to analyze the powders microstructures. The fraction of amorphous phase within the investigated powders is found to be promoted by high cooling rate or smaller powder size. The critical cooling rate for amorphous phase formation, which is influenced by the oxygen content in the melt, is found to be ~3 × 10⁴ K s^?1 and corresponds to a 160-µm-diameter powder atomized in helium. Hardness of the powders is found to follow a trend that is described by the Hall–Petch relation when a relatively high fraction of crystalline structures is present and decreases with the fraction of amorphous phase.     

Synthesis of nanostructured spherical aluminum oxide powders by plasma engineering

Irregularly shaped aluminum oxide particles were plasma atomized resulting in narrow size range distribution of spherical nanostructured powders. Cooling rates, on the order of 10⁶ to 10⁸ K/s, were obtained from the different quenching medias, viz. air, water, and liquid nitrogen. Plasma-engineered powder particles developed nanosize crystallites, while solidification provided insight into the morphological feasibility in refinement of grain size. X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods have been used to quantify the crystallite size obtained with different quenching media. Raman peak shift validated the X-ray analysis in anticipating the grain refinement with increasing cooling rates. Salient structural morphology characteristics and a detailed understanding of spheroidized plasma-sprayed alumina powders were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies. Formation of nanograins, novel metastable phases, and amorphous structure were endorsed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations.     

Estimation of Cooling Rates During Close-Coupled Gas Atomization Using Secondary Dendrite Arm Spacing Measurement

Al-4 wt pct Cu alloy has been gas atomized using a commercial close-coupled gas-atomization system. The resulting metal powders have been sieved into six size fractions, and the SDAS has been determined using electron microscopy. Cooling rates for the powders have been estimated using a range of published conversion factors for Al-Cu alloy, with reasonable agreement being found between sources. We find that cooling rates are very low relative to those often quoted for gas-atomized powders, of the order of 10⁴ K s^?1 for sub-38 µm powders. We believe that a number of numerical studies of gas atomization have overestimated the cooling rate during solidification, probably as a consequence of overestimating the differential velocity between the gas and the particles. From the cooling rates measured in the current study, we estimate that such velocities are unlikely to exceed 20 m s^?1.     

Microstructural features and heat flow analysis of atomized and spray-formed Al-Fe-V-Si alloy

Microstructural features of rapidly solidified powders and preforms of Al₈₀Fe₁₀V₄Si₆ alloy produced by spray forming process have been studied. The atomization and spray deposition were carried out using a confined gas atomization process and the microstructural features were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The microstructure of a wide size range of atomized powders invariably revealed cellular and dendritic morphology. The extent of dendritic region and the dendritic arm spacing were observed to increase with powder particle size. The TEM investigations indicated the presence of ultrafine second-phase particles in the intercellular or interdendritic regions. In contrast, the spray deposits of the alloy showed considerable variation in microstructure and size and dispersion of the second-phase particles at specific distances from the deposit-substrate interface and the exterior regions of the deposit. Nevertheless, considerable homogeneity was observed in the microstructure toward the center of the spray deposit. The formation and distribution of a cubic phase α-Al(Fe,V)Si has been characterized in both atomized powders and spray deposits. A one-dimensional heat flow model has been used to analyze the evolution of microstructure during atomization and also during spray deposition processing of this alloy. The results indicate that thermal history of droplets in the spray on deposition surface and their solidification behavior considerably influence the micro-structural features of the spray deposits.     

单辊快速凝固法制备Co-Cu-Pb合金颗粒的结构与形成机制

分别以Co_(47.5)Cu_(47.5)Pb_5和Co_(42.5)Cu_(42.5)Pb_(15)三元偏晶合金作为母合金,采用单辊法急冷快速凝固制备Co-Cu-Pb三元难混溶合金颗粒,对颗粒的微观组织结构与尺寸进行观察与分析,并对不同结构颗粒的形成机制进行研究。结果表明:Co-Cu-Pb合金颗粒的直径为70~600μm,得到实心颗粒、空心颗粒及多层壳核结构3种不同结构的颗粒。Co-Cu-Pb合金颗粒发生包晶反应形成富Co(Cu)相的初生枝晶,富Pb相主要富集于枝晶间隙处。随辊面线速度从15 m/s增大到30 m/s,初生Co(Cu)相枝晶发生粗大枝晶→细小等轴晶的转变,合金颗粒的凝固组织显著细化,并且由于液态难混溶合金发生Marangoni运动,形成快速凝固多层壳核结构,最终获得均质化的Co-Cu-Pb合金凝固组织。     

Microstructural Evolution of Gas Atomized Fe-25Cr-3.2C Alloy Powders

 The microstructural evolution of the gas atomized Fe-25Cr-32C powders was investigated by using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction. The experimental results showed that the atomized Fe-25Cr-32C powders were mainly composed of austenite and (Fe,Cr)7C3 carbide. Eutectic microstructure was developed in the larger particles, whereas dendritic microstructure was obtained in the particles with diameter less than 38 μm. The reason for microstructure change should be the difference of nucleation undercooling for particles.     

Mg-TM-Ln型镁基纳米结构材料研究

讨论了Mg-Cu-Y、Mg-Ni-Y和Mg-Zn-Y等三种重要的Mg-TM-Ln型的多组元Mg基纳米结构材料的成分构成、制备过程、微观结构和力学性能以及它们的形成机制。其中,制备方法涉及非晶部分晶化法、机械合金化/粉末冶金法(MA/PM法)和快速凝固(原子雾化)/粉末冶金法(RS/PM法)。结果表明,在Mg-Cu-Y系合金中,分布于非晶相基体之上的纳米晶体相使非晶合金的断裂应力增加。而不同成分的旋淬Mg-Cu-Y非晶条带弯曲断裂韧性的不同,很可能是由于存在于它们之中的纳米晶颗粒的性质有别而造成;在Mg-Ni-Y系合金中,Y部分地置换Ni将严重地影响其晶化行为,使得Mg-Ni-Y三元非晶合金中的纳米晶体相颗粒变得更加细小,而合金晶化行为的改变则导致了其杨氏模量的明显变化;在所有的金属合金中,RS/PMMg97Zn1Y2合金的比强度是最高的。而在所有的Mg基合金中,RS/PMMg-Zn-Y合金具有最佳的综合性能。     

La、Ce掺杂对水热法合成镍锌铁氧体的影响

采用水热合成法制备镍锌铁氧体粉体,以稀土元素La、Ce进行掺杂,利用SEM和XRD 等手段对样品进行表征.结果表明,La3+、Ce3+掺杂后,La3+、Ce3+离子掺杂进入镍锌铁氧体晶格后,会产生一定的晶格畸变,造成晶粒常数的增大,但对晶体的形貌影响不大.除存在少量大颗粒,立方尖晶石相Ni0.35Zn0.65Fe1.9...