多代理机制在炼钢连铸排程中的应用研究

针对大型冶金企业中多座转炉对多台铸机生产时炼钢连铸的排程难题,提出利用多代理机制的排程方法来解决这一问题.利用某企业的设备和工艺参数建立基于多代理机制的炼钢连铸排程仿真模型,研究了模型的构成、排程算法和排程优化策略,然后用实际的生产计划数据进行测试,排程结果完全满足实际生产需求.优化结果同时可给出生产作业顺序、工艺路线和生产时刻等,测试结果证明了该方法的有效性和适用性.     

包钢薄板厂炼钢计划排程系统的开发与应用

通过对包钢薄板坯连铸连轧厂冶炼区域生产实际的深入分析，明确了炼钢计划排程系统的设计目标、详细的介绍了该系统的软硬件结构、编程思想、相关功能的设计及其在实际生产中的应用情况。同时也对各相关工序二级计算机系统的通讯接口的改造进行了描述，着重论述了典型的炼钢生产计划的编制、跟踪和调整的实现过程。     

基于一体化生产的炼钢-连铸-热轧动态调度仿真系统

根据炼钢-连铸-热轧一体化生产计划与调度的特点,提出了一体化生产下炼钢-连铸-热轧的动态调度问题,并在此基础上分析了炼钢-连铸过程中的生产扰动。基于生产扰动问题,提出了炼钢-连铸-热轧一体化动态调度策略,并依此建立了炼钢-连铸-热轧一体化动态调度仿真系统。最后对实际生产中常见的"追加计划"进行了仿真,系统分别对炼钢-连铸计划、轧制和加热炉计划进行了动态调度。结果表明,该系统能够依据扰动,动态调整生产计划,保证生产稳定顺行。     

物流仿真技术在炼钢连铸调度计划中的应用

物流仿真技术的应用研究是国内外研究的一个热点.首先简要介绍了炼钢连铸物流研究中的一些理论和方法,分析了炼钢连铸生产计划与调度的过程、工艺和特征等.然后针对炼钢连铸调度的复杂混合系统的特性,建立了各物理对象的Petri模型,进一步根据炼钢连铸的调度目的,开发了基于组件技术及其体系架构的炼钢连铸物流仿真系统.最后给出了一个调度计划的实例,说明了物流仿真系统的应用效果.     

不锈钢炼钢计划排程问题的数学模型及遗传算法

炼钢计划编制是钢铁企业生产运作管理的核心任务之一，合理的炼钢计划有利于炼钢生产平稳有序进行，同时优化调控各订单的生产节奏。以国内某不锈钢生产线为背景，考虑修磨机组的生产能力以及保温罩、保温炉等会影响产品组合的配套设施，通过建立数学模型，设计遗传算法(genetic algorithm, GA)实现炼钢计划的排程优化，解决了不锈钢产线炼钢计划排程中由修磨瓶颈导致的高温/低温装炉钢种交替生产、产品规格由宽到窄变化、长浇浇次和短浇浇次交替生产等复杂约束下的排程问题。试验结果表明，本文方法实现了以修磨机组为瓶颈设备控制生产节奏的智能炼钢作业计划编制，确保铸机、保温罩、修磨、保温炉与下游热轧工序协同顺畅，有效提升了炼钢计划的编制效率，每次计划编制时间由2 h缩短到1 min,计划编制自动化率达到95%,系统自动编制的炼钢计划满足了现场使用要求。     

宝钢炼钢连铸调度系统的动态调整集成技术

炼钢连铸生产计划调度系统是钢铁企业制造执行系统的重要组成部分,在企业的生产管理中起着承上启下的作用.介绍了宝钢炼钢连铸调度计划系统的基本功能,着重阐述了宝钢炼钢连铸调度的动态编辑器和动态调度的集成功能.实践表明,该系统可以极大地提高计划编制和计划调整的效率.     

含加工等待和工序跳跃的炼钢-连铸调度方法

现有的钢铁冶炼生产过程广泛存在精炼工艺不同和设备转运时间可变的限制条件,目前的炼钢-连铸调度多面向单工序路径生产进行分析和建模,未解决实际应用与投产问题。针对国内某大型炼钢厂炼钢-连铸过程中精炼工艺路径不同和相邻炉次之间存在设备转运时间的问题,建立了符合实际的优化调度模型,且为处理加工等待和工序跳跃的子问题提出了前向法,为处理连铸工序无等待时间的子问题提出了反向法,同时以冶炼的最大完工时间为优化指标,通过制定排程方案验证前向-反向法。排程甘特图表明,本文的方法避免了错排程和重叠排程,能有效指导生产,证明了该方法是可行和有效的。     

热连轧高级排程系统的建立

热连轧机组的生产计划编制是一个比较复杂的问题,特别是在ERP环境下,热轧计划的编制必须考虑销售、生产、质量及成本控制综合目标的实现,马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司在新建的第四钢轧总厂引入了高级计划排程系统,用于在线动态计划和排程,并且与公司SAP系统、炼钢PES系统、相关MES系统及热轧二级系统集成一体,并在实际生产中取得了满意的效果.     

炼钢-连铸生产智能调度的二层规划方法(上)

炼钢-连铸生产计划分为生产批量计划和生产时间计划两类。传统的方法是将原本密切相关的两类计划单独编制,导致编制炼钢-连铸生产计划时,在优化目标的设置和优化变量的选取等方面出现缺乏全局性考量的问题。作者分析了炼钢-连铸生产调度的层次性特点,将求取两类计划的问题描述为一种具有二层递阶结构的决策优化问题,在同一模型中针对两类计划展开研究,建立了基于二层规划的智能调度模型。其中,上层规划解决浇次组合、排序和分配问题;下层规划解决在浇次计划已知的前提下寻求优化的生产时间计划问题。应用遗传算法分别求解二层规划中的上、下层子问题。仿真算例表明了该智能调度二层规划方法的有效性。     

我国炼钢-连铸技术发展和2010年展望

系统总结了2000年以来国内炼钢-连铸技术的发展和主要的技术成果,分析了目前炼钢-连铸生产技术的主要问题,并对2010年我国炼钢-连铸的技术发展方向进行了系统阐述.为进一步提高国内炼钢-连铸的生产技术水平,必须确立21世纪新一代钢铁厂的新理念和新目标,通过对炼钢-连铸生产过程的系统优化、解析与集成.建立起高效、低成本洁净钢的生产平台.讨论了洁净钢生产平台建设面临的主要技术问题、解决方法和具体措施.     

Voices of fear and anxiety and sadness and depression: The effects of speech rate and loudness on fear and anxiety and sadness and depression.

Two studies investigated the role of expressive vocal behavior (specifically, speech rate and loudness) in fear and anxiety and in sadness and depression. In the 1st study, participants spoke about personally experienced fear and anxiety-arousing and neutral events using 3 different voice styles: fast and loud, normal, and slow and soft. In the 2nd study, participants spoke about personally experienced sad or depressing and neutral events using the same 3 voice styles. In both studies, the participants' highest levels of subjective affective and cardiovascular (CV) arousal occurred when they spoke about the emotional events in a mood-congruent voice style: fast and loud in the case of fear and anxiety, and slow and soft in the case of sadness or depression. Mood-incongruent voice styles canceled the heightened levels of CV arousal normally associated with these negative emotions. The voice-style manipulation had no significant effect on the participants' levels of CV arousal during the neutral discussions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and sports

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis occur predominantly in the lower lumbar spine. Besides congenital defects such as predisposition of spondylolysis the correlation between competitive sports activities and an increased incidence of spondylolysis is proved. In early stages, complete healing can be achieved by conservative treatment (abstinence from sports activities for 3 months, orthesis). Persistence of pain, neurologic symptoms and progression of vertebral slipping are indications for operative treatment (reconstruction of the isthmus, dorso-ventral spondylodesis). The exercise tolerance depends on the extent of instability, progression of vertebral slipping and clinical symptoms. The limits of exercise tolerance vary among the individual athletes and require the decision of the physician. Backstroke swimming, abdominal and back muscle strengthening exercises, and types of sport involving smooth movements are advisable. Sports education in school is possible without restriction in patients with stable spondylolysis and in those with spondylolisthesis without unfavourable concomitant factors.     

Synthesis and analysis of mixed chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and assessment of formation and occurrence of the fluorinated and chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Despite the use of multimodal therapy, higher-grade glioma is still uniformly fatal in the adult population. There is a considerable difference between the length of survival in each given patient, even within the same tumor type and malignancy grade group, suggesting that there are factors that might differentially influence outcome. To identify such factors, 107 patients with anaplastic or malignant glioma were retrospectively investigated. Clinical parameters and paraclinical data on the p53, mdm2, and EGFR genes at the DNA or protein level were evaluated by univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Kaplan-Meier survival estimation demonstrated that immunohistochemical positivity for mdm2 protein in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or with glioblastoma multiforme was associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.02). P53 gene mutations and immunopositivity for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein were not significantly related to poor prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed immunohistochemical positivity for p53, mdm2, or for both of them, the presence of postoperative irradiation, and the extent of surgical resection of tumor to be variables significantly associated with prolonged survival. EGFR overexpression, age over 60 years, and Karnofsky performance score below 40 points did not significantly shorten survival time. In conclusion, the present study identified immunohistochemically detected mdm2-protein overexpression as a statistically significant negative prognostic parameter in patients bearing anaplastic or malignant glioma. Association analysis of variables revealed a possible correlation between mdm2 and p53, which is also consistent with the biological interaction mode of both proteins in vivo.     

Larks and owls and health, wealth, and wisdom

OBJECTIVE: To test the validity of Benjamin Franklin's maxim "early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." DESIGN: Cross sectional analysis of sleeping patterns in a nationally representative group of elderly people, and longitudinal investigation of mortality. SETTING: Eight areas in Britain (five in England, two in Scotland, and one in Wales). SUBJECTS: 1229 men and women aged 65 and over who in 1973-4 had taken part in a survey funded by the Department of Health and Social Security and for whom data on sleeping patterns, health, socioeconomic circumstances, and cognitive function had been recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported income, access to a car, standard of accommodation, performance on a test of cognitive function, state of health and mortality during 23 years of follow up. RESULTS: 356 people (29%) were defined as larks (to bed before 11 pm and up before 8 am) and 318 (26%) were defined as owls (to bed at or after 11 pm and up at or after 8 am). There was no indication that larks were richer than those with other sleeping patterns. On the contrary, owls had the largest mean income and were more likely to have access to a car. There was also no evidence that larks were superior to those with other sleeping patterns with regard to their cognitive performance or their state of health. Both larks and owls had a slightly reduced risk of death compared with the rest of the study sample, but this was accounted for by the fact that they spent less time in bed at night. In the study sample as a whole, longer periods of time in bed were associated with increased mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, the presence of illness, and other risk factors, people who spent 12 or more hours in bed had a relative risk of death of 1.7 (1.2 to 2.5) compared with those who were in bed for 9 hours. The lowest risk occurred in people who spent 8 hours in bed (adjusted relative risk 0.8; 0.7 to 1.0). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support Franklin's claim. A "late to bed and late to rise" lifestyle does not seem to lead to socioeconomic, cognitive, or health disadvantage, but a longer time spent in bed may be associated with increased mortality.     

Sexuality and aging--usual and successful

BACKGROUND: As aging research increasingly reflects an effort to dissociate true time-driven changes from those that can be improved, sexuality in later life remains largely unexplored. Several problems are evident. There is a lack of normative data, a lack of a conceptual framework relating to the biology, psychology, and sociology of sex, and an attitudinal resistance that obscures the entire topic. METHODS: We conducted a three-part instructional series on major topics involved with sexuality and aging. We surveyed our group of attendees (n 158, average age 68 for males, 65 for females) before and after the series. RESULTS: A remarkably robust sex life was evidenced by both the men and the women, even until advanced old age. Yet, a substantially decreased involvement was reported from 10 years earlier. Despite current activities, people of both sexes wished they were participating even more than they currently were. Impotency was identified as the major negative feature for the men; relationship problems were for the women. A questionnaire 6 months after the series reported improved sexual attitudes, but no change in sexual activities from the earlier survey. CONCLUSION: Sexuality is a major quality-of-life issue which persists into old age. Our study showed that the usual sexual practices reported by our group were not considered by them to be ideal. The intervention of this instructional series provided improved sexual attitudes but not performance. Additional studies are encouraged.     

IQ and ego-resiliency: Conceptual and empirical connections and separateness.

The constructs of intelligence and ego-resiliency are discussed. The personality implications of "pure intelligence" and "pure ego-resilience" were identified. Intelligence (IQ) was indexed by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS—R) and ego-resiliency by an inventory scale. Residual scores measuring "pure intelligence" and "pure ego-resilience" were correlated with the items of the observer based California Q-sort, used to describe participants. Persons relatively high on ego-resilience tend to be more competent and comfortable in the "fuzzier" interpersonal world; persons defined primarily by raw IQ tend to be effective in the "clearer" world of structured work but tend also to be uneasy with affect and less able to realize satisfying human connections. Gender differences exist in the relations of ego-resilience and intelligence and in their adaptive relevance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Conserving and retaining equalities and inequalities through observation and correction.

Investigated the effects of modeling and corrective feedback on the conservation of equalities and inequalities, with items spanning 3 stimulus dimensions (length, number, and 2-dimensional space). Ss were 48 kindergartners (24 boys, 24 girls). Brief observation of a model, briefer correction training (joining positive feedback with verbal rule provision), and the combination of observation and correction were all successful in producing learning and, without further training, transfer and retention of conservation. Unlike the controls (who also never correctly answered any equality items), the trained experimental Ss gave evidence of spontaneously generalizing their new learning to a task that required nonverbal behavior to manifest conservation. (17 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reasoning and food and contamination.

Examines strategies that are used to reason about food and contamination. In Exp 1, Ss refrained from choosing a substance that had been given a "poison" label when the intent of the labeler was ambiguous or malicious but preferred this substance when a rationale was provided that dispelled the implication that there once might have been contaminants present. Exp 2 was designed to compare the effects of safety on conditional reasoning in food and food-irrelevant contexts. When the safety issue was relevant to food in the form of contamination, Ss were most likely to use formal logic in reasoning. A similar pattern of responses was found in Exp 3 on tasks for which Ss' ratings of their experience of contexts were matched for plausibility, experience, and danger. Results are discussed in terms of an adaptive constraint that facilitates rationality in reasoning within the food domain (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

材料科学技术转型发展与钢铁创新基础设施的建设

摘要：在第4次工业革命浪潮的推动下,钢铁科学与技术正在经历数字化、智能化转型。钢铁行业全流程各工序均为“黑箱”,为多场、多相、多变的巨系统,具有复杂相关关系和遗传效应等。这些不确定性带来了巨大的挑战。挑战和机遇并存。这些不确定性提供了智能化和数字化技术的应用场景资源;钢铁行业极为丰富的大数据提供了挖掘其中蕴含客观规律的数据资源;现代的数据科学、智能技术为解决不确定性问题提供了强大的手段。以数据为中心,以工业互联网为载体,以实验工具、数字数据、计算工具为支撑,建设钢铁企业材料创新基础设施,将可以大幅度提高研发效率,降低研发成本,有力地支撑钢铁材料科学与技术的转型发展。实验工具平台除了传统的实验室仪器装备和中试装备之外,实际生产线被作为主要的实验工具。这些实验工具提供丰富、精准、写实的历史数据和现实生产数据,特别是生产线装备提供实际生产大数据,蕴含着生产过程中的全部规律,是极宝贵的数据资源。利用机器学习、深度学习等现代数据挖掘技术为计算工具,对这些数据资源进行处理、分析、计算,将数据转换为高保真度模型,可以得到具有“原位分析能力”的数字孪生。在工业互联网的总体架构下,以数字孪生为核心,组成信息物理系统,构建起基于数据自动流动的状态感知、实时分析、科学决策、精准执行的闭环赋能体系,解决生产制造、应用服务过程中的复杂性和不确定性问题,提高资源配置效率,实现资源优化,对材料行业转型发展提供关键技术支撑。虚实映射、实时交互、精准控制的信息物理系统与材料创新基础设施合二为一,以材料创新基础设施为基盘,形成具有“原位分析能力”的数字孪生,建设钢铁生产全流程、一体化的信息物理系统,必将推进钢铁行业智能制造蓬勃开展和数字化、智能化转型。