Effects of manganese doping on magnetocaloric effect in Ge-rich Gd_5Ge_（2.05）Si_（1.95） alloy

The structure, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of the Ge-rich Gd5Ge2.05-xSi1.95-xMn2x (x=0.01 and 0.03) alloys were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and magnetization measurements. The results of energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and X-ray diffraction analyses showed that the composition and crystal structure of the alloys were desired. DSC measurements were performed to determine the transformation temperatures for each alloy. Both alloys exhibited the first order phase transition around room temperature. The alloys showed an anti-ferromagnetic transition around 60 K. The isothermal magnetic entropy changes of the alloys were determined from the isothermal magnetization measurements by using the Maxwell relation. The maximum values of isothermal magnetic entropy change of the Gd5Ge2.05-xSi1.95-xMn2x alloy with x=0.01 was found to be -12.1 and -19.8 J/(kg·K) using Maxwell equation around 268 K in applied fields of 2 and 5 T, respectively.     

GdMn2Ge2化合物的磁性和磁相变的分子场理论研究

采用交换作用的分子场理论模型对金属间化合物CdMn2Ge2的磁性、磁结构和磁相变进行了研究。理论分析和计算结果表明，CdMn2Ge2中存在5种不同类型的磁结构，外磁场以及温度的变化导致CdMn2Ge2从一种磁结构到另一种磁结构的一级或二级磁相变。计算了不同温度时GdMn2Ge2单晶的磁化曲线，并给出了外磁场沿晶轴α和c方向时的H-T磁相图，估计了Gd-Gd，Gd-Mn，层面内及层面间Mn-Mn的交换耦合参数。结果显示，要描述GdMn2Ge2的磁性，必须考虑晶格常数和温度对层面间Mn-Mn交换相互作用的影响。     

Tb3NiSi2合金磁相变与磁热性能研究

依据X射线衍射(XRD)与等温磁化曲线和等磁场变温磁化曲线,主要研究了Tb₃NiSi₂合金相结构与磁性相变和磁热性能。XRD表明,采用800℃保温14天,然后炉冷至室温的热处理方法制备的R3NiSi2(R=Tb,Dy,Ho,Er)合金中,主相均为Gd3NiSi2型正交结构(空间群:Pnma,No.62)相,但杂相R5Si3含量存在差异,其规律是从Er到Tb,含量依次减少,Tb₃NiSi₂合金样品基本为一个单相,其相应晶格常数分别为a=1.1240(8)nm,b=0.41009(8)nm,c=1.12058(1)nm。等温磁化曲线显示在50~300 K温度范围内,Tb₃NiSi₂合金仅展现出铁磁-顺磁相变,并没有在130,82,66,53 K等观察到相关文献报道的多重的反常反铁磁态-铁磁态(AFM-FM)相变。0.01 T磁场下的磁化强度对温度求导曲线(d M/d T)和0~2 T磁场下的Arrott图结果证实合金铁磁-顺磁二级磁相变居里温度(Tc)=88 K。居里外斯定理拟合表明合金中Tb³⁺粒子的有效磁矩为9.90μB(μB为玻尔磁子),同期望值μeff/Tb³⁺=g(J(J+1))1/2=9.72μB基本一致。在磁热性方面,Tb₃NiSi₂合金在0~2 T磁场范围内,低场响应性较差,铁磁态分子的有效磁矩远低于顺磁分子有效磁矩,最大磁熵变(-ΔSM_max)为3.2 J·kg^-1·K^-1;在对应的半高宽温跨(δTFWHM)=35.5K范围内,相对制冷量为113 J·kg^-1。     

哈斯勒合金Ni-Mn-Sn的磁热效应

采用真空电弧熔炼法和高温淬火法制备了四元哈斯勒合金Ni50-xCuxMn36Sn14(x=0,2,4,6)的化合物。用X射线衍射仪和振动样品磁强计研究了合金的物相与磁热效应。结果表明,部分Cu元素对Ni的替代,并没有改变三元哈斯勒合金Ni-Mn-Sn原有的晶体结构,只是晶格常数开始有减小的趋势,晶胞的体积没有发生太大的变化。M-T曲线的结果表明,该系列哈斯勒合金样品在奥氏体相的铁磁交换作用增强,导致居里温度升高,而结构相变温度降低。此外,通过麦克斯韦方程计算了该系列合金的磁熵变(-ΔSm),在磁场变化为1.5 T的情况下,获得了Ni46Cu4Mn36Sn14合金在330 K附近的最大磁熵变(-ΔSmmax)约为2.0 J·(kg·K)-1。     

Ni_(43)Mn_(46-x)T_xSn_(11)(T=Fe,Co,Ni)合金的马氏体相变和磁熵变

通过示差扫描量热仪和振动样品磁强计对Ni43Mn46-xTxSn11(T=Fe,Co,Ni)铁磁形状记忆合金的相变、磁性以及磁熵变进行了研究。结果表明,由于价电子浓度的增加,Fe,Co,Ni替代Mn使马氏体转变温度大幅提高。Fe,Ni掺杂对马氏体居里温度(TCM)影响不大,Co则使TCM略有下降;奥氏体居里温度(TCA)对成分比较敏感,Fe,Ni的加入均使TCA略有提高,而Co则会大大提高TCA。由于马氏体相变伴随着磁化强度的突变,Ni43Mn46-xTxSn11合金在马氏体相变附近具有较大的低场磁熵变,对于Ni43Mn41Co5Sn11在室温1T磁场下磁熵变达到了19J.kg-.1K-1。通过调节成分,磁熵变峰值温度可以在199和294K之间调节,同时保持了较大低场磁熵变。     

Ni48Mn33Ga18Tb1合金的马氏体相变和磁性形状记忆效应

本文研究了 Ni48Mn3 3 Ga1 9合金添加微量的稀土元素 Tb后 ,对合金的马氏体相变、磁致应变性能及抗弯性能的影响 ,发现合金的马氏体相变温度、磁致应变值有所下降 ,而机械抗弯强度有显著提高。     

Gd3-xMnxAl2系合金的晶体结构和磁熵研究

采用真空高频磁悬浮炉制备出一系列的Gd3-xMnxAl2(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3)合金。通过Mn对Gd的部分替代,研究了Mn元素微量替代对Gd3Al2合金结构和磁熵的影响。实验结果表明,Gd3-xMnxAl2系合金的结构与Gd3Al2相同;随着Mn含量的增加,Gd3-xMnxAl2系合金的居里温度和磁熵发生了变化。说明Mn对Gd的部分替代改变了Gd3Al2合金的磁热效应。     

Phase structure and hydrogen storage properties of LaMg3.93Ni0.21 alloy

The phase structure and hydrogen storage property of LaMg3.93Ni0.21 alloy were studied.XRD and SEM results exhibited that LaMg3.93Ni0.21 alloy consisted mainly of LaMg3,La2Mg17 and LaMg2Ni phases;after hydriding/dehydriding process,all the three phases transformed,La3H7 phase existed and the actual hydrogen absorption phases were Mg and Mg2Ni phases.Pressure-composition-temperature (P-C-T)measurement showed that the reversible hydrogen storage capacity of LaMg3.93Ni0.21 alloy was 2.63 wt.%,and the absorption time for reaching 90%of the storage capacity was 124 s at 523 K,and it was 1850 s for deabsorbing 90%of the maximum dehydrogen capacity.The hydriding process of LaMg3.93Ni0.21 alloy followed the nucleation and growth mechanisms.The enthalpy and entropy for hydriding and dehydriding reactions of the Mg phase in LaMg3.93Ni0.21 alloy were calculated to be-66.38±1.10 kJ/mol H2,-100.96±1.96 J/(K·mol)H2 and 68.50±3.87 kJ/mol H2,98.28±5.48 J/(K·mol)H2,respectively.A comparison of these data with those of MgH2(-74.50 kJ/mol H2,-132.30 J/K·mol H2)suggested that the hydride of LaMg3.93Ni0.21 alloy was less stable than MgH2.The existence of La hydride and synergetic effect of multiphase led to higher reversible hydrogen storage capacity and better kinetic property at lower temperature for LaMg3.93Ni0.21 alloy.     

Magnetic and specific heat studies of the frustrated Er2Mn2O7 compound

A new Er2Mn2O7 compound was synthesized by the ceramic method and its crystal structure was characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The magnetic properties were investigated using a BS2 magnetometer and the heat capacity was studied using a quantum design (PPMS). The structural study revealed that this compound was monophasic and crystallized in the monoclinic system with the P2/M space group. Magnetization measurements were carried out in the temperature range of 1.8-200 K under an applied magnetic field of 0.05 T. A crossover from a room temperature paramagnetic phase to an antiferromagnetic one at low temperature was detected from the magnetic study. The magnetic susceptibility, in the paramagnetic region above 40 K, was found to present a simple Curie-Weiss type behavior. From the specific heat (CP) measurements in magnetic fields up to 5 T, we noted the presence of a wide peak characteristic of a second order mag-neto-structural transition.     

Ni-Mn-Ga磁控形状记忆合金中的马氏体相变

文章采用电弧熔炼法熔炼Ni48Mn31Ga21和Ni2MnGa两种合金,并对这两种合金进行了热处理,借助交流磁化率测定、金相显微镜观察、X射线以及磁化曲线等手段研究了Ni-Mn-Ga磁控形状记忆合金中的马氏体相变。结果表明：（1）Ni48Mn3lGa21合金在室温下发生了马氏体转变,而Ni2MnGa合金在室温下则未发生马氏体转变;（2）室温下Ni2MnGa合金的饱和磁化强度比Ni48Mn3lGa21合金高;对于Ni48Mn31Ga2l合金,其马氏体态的饱和磁化强度要高于奥氏体态。     

Phase Transformation Behaviors and Effects of Terbium in Polycrystalline Ni-Mn-Ga Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys

The phase transformation behaviors of two kinds of magnetic shape memory alloys NisoMn25 x Ga25-x and Ni50 Mn29Ga21-x Tbx were studied. When the composition of Ni in these alloys was constant, increasing Mn and reducing Ga contents make martensitic transformation temperatures rise obviously. Simultaneously, thermal hysteresis of phase transformation reduce but Curie temperature una|ters. When terbium was added, phase transformation temperature went up further and Curie temperature kept constant. The alloys still show strong ferromagnetism and properties of thermoelastic martensite phase transformation.     

Magnetocaloric Effect of Alloys Gd（Al1-x Cox ）2

The magnetocaloric effect in alloys Gd（Al1-xCox）2 with x = 0, 0.05, and 0.10 were investigated using X-ray diffraction （XRD） and magnetization measurements. It was found that three alloys crystallized in a single phase with MgCu2-type structure. The lattice parameter and Curie temperature decreased with increasing Co content, whereas the magnetic-entropy change increased. With a magnetic-field change of 2 T, the maximum of the magnetic-entropy change reached 4.6 J·kg^-1·K^-1 near Curie temperature at approximately 95 K in the alloy GdAl1.8Co0.2, which appeared to be an alternative candidate for active magnetic refrigerants working in the temperature range centered at 100 K.     

离子束外延生长（Ga,Mn,As）化合物

利用质量分离的低能双离子束外延技术,得到了（Ga,Mn,As）化合物。补底温度523K条件下生长的样品的俄歇电子谱表明,一部分锰淀积在GaAs的表面形成一层厚度约为30nm的外延层,另一部分锰离子成功注入到GaAs基底里,注入深度约为160nm。补底温度为523K时获得了Ga5.2Mn相,补底温度为673K时获得了Ga5.2Mn、Ga5Mn8和Mn3Ga相。在1113K条件下对673K生长的样品进行退火,退火后样品中原有的Mn3Ga消失,Ga5Mn8峰减弱趋于消失,Ga5.2Mn仍然存在而且结晶更好,并出现Mn2As新相。     

Magneto-Caloric Effect of Gd5Si2Ge2Compounds under Different Processing Conditions

The magneto-caloric effect of Gd5 Si2Ge2 compounds produced by various techniques is investigated in terms of their magnetization behaviors in the magnetic field from 0 to 2.0 T.The studied materials include arc-melted, annealed and sintered alloys.The results demonstrate that the Gd5Si2Ge2 alloys obtained under different processing conditions possess distinct magneto-caloric effect due to their various microstructures.Proper annealing treatment can enhance the magneto-caloric effect of the alloy remarkably.While the sintered alloy bears relatively lower value of magnetic entropy change ( △ SM) than arc-melted one.The magnetic entropy change of the annealed Gd5 Si2Ge2 alloy arrives the arrives the maximum value of - △SM = 15.29 J· kg-1· K-1 for magnetic field change under 2.0 T in the present work.     

Effect of annealing temperature on microstructure and electrochemical performance of La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5Co0.2 hydrogen storage electrode alloy

To improve the cyclic stability of La-Mg-Ni system alloy, as-cast La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5Co0.2 alloy was annealed at 1123, 1223, and 1323 K for 10 h in 0.3 MPa argon. The microstructure and electrochemical performance of different annealed alloys were investigated systematically by X-Ray Diffraction （XRD）, Scanning Electron Microscopy （SEM）, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy （XPS）, and electrochemical experiments. The results obtained by XRD and SEM showed that the as-cast and annealed （1123 K） alloys had multiphase structure containing LaNis, （La, Mg）2（Ni, Co）7 and few LaNi2 phases. When annealing temperatures approached 1223 and 1323 K, LaNi2 phase disappeared. The annealed alloys at 1223 and 1323 K were composed of LaNi5, （La, Mg）2（Ni, Co）7 and （La, Mg）（Ni, Co）3 phases. With increasing annealing temperature, the maximum discharge capacity of the alloy decreased monotonously, but the cyclic stability was improved owing to structure homogeneity and grain growth after annealing, as well as the enhancement of anti-oxidation/corrosion ability and the suppression of pulverization during cycling in KOH electrolyte.     

Specific features of Eu~(3+) and Tb~(3+) magnetooptics in gadolinium-gallium garnet (Gd_3Ga_5O_(12))

We reported magnetooptical properties of Eu3+(4f(6)) and Tb3+(4f(8)) in single crystals of Gd3Ga5O12 (GGG), Y3Ga5O12 (YGG), and Eu3+(4f(6)) in Eu3Ga5O12 (EuGG) for both ions occupying sites of D2 symmetry in the garnet structure. Absorption, luminescence, and magnetic circular polarization of luminescence (MCPL) spectra of Tb3+ in GGG and YGG and absorption and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) of Eu3+ in EuGG were studied. The data were obtained at 85 K and room temperature (RT). Magnetic susceptibility of...     

MnFe1-xTixP0.63Ge0.12Si0.25（x=0,0.01,0.02,0.03）系列化合物的磁热效应

通过X射线衍射分析(XRD)和振动磁强计(VSM)磁性测量,研究了替代元素Ti替代Fe元素含量的MnFe1-xTixP0.63Ge0.12Si0.25(x=0,0.01,0.02,0.03)系列化合物的物相结构与磁热效应的影响。结果表明:该系列化合物的结构为Fe2P型六角晶系结构,空间群为P62m。主相均为(Mn,Fe)2(P,Ge,Si),并含有少量的第二相(Mn,Fe)3Si相。随着Ti原子替代Fe原子的增加化合物的晶格常数a增大,晶格常数c略有减小,晶胞体积V基本保持不变。随着Ti含量增加居里温度(TC)减小,热滞ΔThys的大小改进不太明显。MnFeP0.63Ge0.12Si0.25的TC为305 K,当外磁场变化为0～1.5 T时最大磁熵变的绝对值为14.8 J.(kg.K)-1。     

Ni-Ga-Fe-Co铁磁形状记忆合金的磁性转变和马氏体相变

Ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (FSMAs) such as NiMnGa, FePd and FePt are attractive as a new magnetic actuator material. They show a large magnetic-field-induced strain of 3% - 9% due to the variant rearrangement. Recently, the present authors have reported that in the Ni-Ga-Fe alloy the martensitic transformationfrom the B2 and/or the L21 structures into a seven-layer or five-layer modulated structure occurs upon cooling. In this alloy system, however, it is impossible to obtain a martensite phase at RT with a Curie temperature (To) higher than 100℃. In this work, the effects of substitution of Co for Ni on the martensitic and magnetic transformations, crystal structures and phase equilibria in Ni-Ca-Fe alloys were studied. Ni-Ga-Fe-Co alloys were prepared by induction melting under an argon atmosphere. Small pieces of specimens were taken from the ingot and homogenized at 1433 K for 24 h followed by quenching in water. The obtained specimens were aged at 773 K for 24 h and then quenched. The compositions of each phase were determined by energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (El)X). The martensitic transformation temperatures and Tc were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurement. The crystal structure of martensite phase was observed by X-ray diffractmeter (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The Curie temperature Tc was increased with increasing Co content while the martensitic transformation temperature slightly decreased. In the Ni(54-x) Ga27 Fe19 Cox, Tc increases from 303 K to 408 K with increasing CO content from x=0 to x=6. The crystal structure of the martensite phase and the phase equiribria in the Ni-Fe-Ga-Co alloys will be also presented.     

Comparative Study on Thermodynamical and Electrochemical Behavior of Al（88）Ni6La6 and Al（86）Ni6La6Cu2 Amorphous Alloys

Two amorphous ribbons with the compositions of Al88Ni6La6 and Al86Ni6La6Cu2 were made using the melt-spun method,and their thermal response and electrochemical behavior were studied comparatively.Differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）and electrochemical polarization measurements indicated that Al86Ni6La6Cu2 exhibited slightly higher crystallization temperature（Tx）,lower melting point（Tl）and better corrosion resistance in 0.01 mol·L-1 NaCl alkaline solution.These results demonstrated that Cu（2%）addition could slightly promote the glass forming ability,but it could greatly improve the corrosion resistance of Al88Ni6La6 alloy in 0.01 mol·L-1 NaCl alkaline solution.     

Phase transition and magnetocaloric effect of Ni55.2Mn18.6Ga26.2-xGdx (x=0, 0.05, 0.15) alloys

Phase transition process and magnetic entropy change -ΔS of Ni55.2Mn18.6Ga26.2-xGdx(x=0, 0.05, 0.15) alloys were studied.Ni55.2Mn18.6Ga26.2-xGdx(x=0, 0.05, 0.15) alloys still underwent simultaneous structural and magnetic transitions and transform from ferro-magnetic martensitic phase to paramagnetic austenitic phase during heating. Under a field of 2 T, the maximum magnetic entropy change -ΔSM of Ni55.2Mn18.6Ga26.15Gd0.05 alloy was 7.7 J/kg.K at 317 K during heating and 8.6 J/kg.K at 314 K during cooling while it was 11.8 J/kg.K at 317 K in Ni55.2Mn18.6Ga26.05Gd0.15alloy during heating.