溶胶-凝胶法制备氧化铝纤维的组织结构与晶化动力学

以异丙醇铝和九水硝酸铝为铝源,去离子水为溶剂,聚合物A为纺丝助剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备氧化铝长纤维,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和傅里叶红外光谱仪(FR-IR)等,对纤维的形貌和组织结构进行观察与分析,并结合kissinger-akahira-sunose(KAS)法、flynn-wall-ozawa(FWO)法和Starink法研究纤维的结晶动力学。结果表明:凝胶纤维的直径约为4~7μm,纤维形貌良好,无明显开裂;当纤维以10℃/min的速率从室温加热至1 200℃时,纤维在800~900℃间由非晶相转变为γ-Al_2O_3,在1 100℃以上温度下γ-Al_2O_3转变为α-Al_2O_3;通过KAS法计算得到氧化铝纤维由非晶相转变成γ-Al_2O_3的激活能为412.1 kJ/mol,由γ-Al_2O_3向α-Al_2O_3转变的激活能为422.3 kJ/mol,与Starink法和FWO法的计算结果吻合良好,验证了KAS法计算结果的精确有效性。     

TiAl合金表面阴极微弧制备的Al_2O_3膜结构与性能

以Al(NO3)3乙醇溶液为电解液,采用阴极微弧放电沉积方法,在TiAl合金表面制备连续的Al2O3薄膜,并对膜的结构与性能进行研究.利朋扫描电镜(SEM)观察到样品表面分布着熔融状颗粒,颗粒的平均直径约20μm,颗粒中间有小孔存在.X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明氧化膜的相成分主要为α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3相,还有少量的ε-Al2O3相;氧化膜中α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3的相对含量随着制备电压改变而变化.显微划痕实验测得膜与TiAl基体之间结合力大于20 N,表明制得的氧化膜与基体有良好的结合力.900℃的高温氧化实验表明氧化膜能够有效地提高基体的抗氧化性能.     

退火对AlCN非晶薄膜结构及力学性能的影响

利用磁控溅射方法在单晶硅基片上制备出不同Al含量AlCN非晶薄膜,随后分别在700℃和1000℃进行真空退火热处理.使用X射线衍射仪和高分辨透射电镜研究了沉积态和退火态薄膜的组织和微观结构,用纳米压痕仪测试硬度和弹性模量.结果表明,退火态薄膜组织和微观结构强烈依赖于薄膜的Al含量.经1000℃退火后,低Al含量AlCN薄膜没有出现结晶现象,但形成了分层;高Al含量AlCN薄膜中,退火促使AlN纳米晶的生成,使薄膜形成了非晶包裹纳米晶的复合结构,随着距表面深度的增加,形成的纳米晶密度和尺寸均有减小的趋势.随着退火温度的升高,AlCN薄膜的硬度和弹性模量均降低;而对于高Al含量AlCN薄膜,由于形成了纳米复合结构,硬度和弹性模量下降幅度减少.     

退火温度对磁控溅射TiO_2薄膜相变的影响

利用射频磁控溅射制备了TiO_2薄膜,通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、四探针等手段对薄膜进行了表征,研究了氩气气氛下退火温度对TiO_2薄膜的形貌、结构和电学性能的影响。研究结果表明,氩气气氛下600℃退火的TiO_2薄膜颗粒大小均匀,表面结构致密。400~600℃退火时薄膜为单一的锐钛矿相,700℃退火时薄膜为非晶相,800℃退火时薄膜完全转变为金红石相。退火温度为500℃时,该TiO_2薄膜的电阻率最低,电学性能最佳。     

Al-Co-Y合金系非晶的形成及其晶化过程

利用熔体快淬法制备出了Al92-xCo8Yx（x=4,6,8,9,10）薄带,采用X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）进行结构分析,示差扫描量热仪（DSC）进行热稳定性分析。研究了Y的加入对合金的非晶形成能力的影响以及Al84Co8Y8合金薄带等温退火的晶化过程。结果表明：当Y的原子分数为8%时,合金系的非晶形成能力最好;非晶态Al84Co8Y8合金的晶化过程分为3个阶段进行,退火过程中的组织结构转变为：非晶合金→非晶基体＋初晶α-Al＋少量未知亚稳相→α-Al相＋未知亚稳相＋Al9Co2→α-Al相＋Al9Co2相＋Al3Y相。     

矿化剂及煅烧温度对高温氧化铝性能的影响

通过在煅烧α-Al2O3过程中加入少量不同的矿化剂,分析高温氧化铝中SiO2、Fe2O3、Na2O的含量,结果表明,矿化剂的加入能够降低α-Al2O3,的煅烧温度,促进α-Al2O3的晶型转变,降低α-Al2O3中氧化钠的含量;同时随着煅烧温度的升高,除钠效果越好,原晶粒度递增,α-Al2O3,的转化率和真比重也随之递增.     

纳米AlN粉末的低温热压

研究了纳米AlN陶瓷在1 500~1 700℃的低温热压行为和力学性能.热压温度为1 600℃时,产物是β-AlN和β-Al2O3两相共存;当温度提高至1 700℃后,热压过程中出现由β-AlN到α-AlN相的转变.随着热压温度的提高,断裂形式由沿晶断裂逐渐向穿晶断裂转变,致密度逐渐提高,晶粒尺寸长大;当热压温度达到1 700℃时,相对密度为97.3%,晶粒平均直径为850nm,硬度值为15.54GPa,断裂韧度为3.5 MPa·m1/2.     

低能离子束方法制备Fe组分渐变的Fe-Si薄膜

利用质量分离的低能离子束技术，获得了Fe组分渐变的Fe-Si薄膜。利用俄歇电子能谱法(AES)、X射线衍射法(XRD)以及X射线光电子能谱法(XPS)测试了薄膜的组分、结构特性。测试结果表明，在室温下制备的Fe-Si薄膜呈非晶态。非晶薄膜在400℃下退火20min后晶化，没有Fe的硅化物相形成。退火后Fe-Si薄膜的Fe组分从表面向内部逐渐降低。     

等离子喷涂Al2O3-TiO2涂层过程中的物相转变研究

综述了等离子喷涂Al2O3-TiO2涂层过程中的不同粒度Al2O3粉末及TiO2物相转变,通过不同喂料及涂层的X射线衍射图,分析Al2O3和TiO2不同相态在喷涂过程中的转化机制。研究结果表明,涂层的Al2O3主要以α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3相组成,TiO2则主要以金红石晶型存在。对等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层过程中的物相转变研究提出展望。     

预退火时间对Sm2Fe17ZrNb0.4Cu0.2B0.2非晶合金晶化的影响

运用高真空电弧熔炼及单辊旋淬一体炉设备，以40 m/s的速度快淬制备出Sm₂Fe₁₇ZrNb_0.4Cu_0.2B_0.2非晶合金薄带。为实现非晶合金薄带在较低的晶化温度下爆发性形核，在细化晶粒的同时改善微观组织均匀性，需提高晶化前原子有序度，因此对薄带在500℃下进行不同时间的预退火处理，研究不同预退火时间下非晶合金晶化演变过程。X射线衍射仪(XRD)和高分辨率透射电镜(HRTEM)分析结果表明：长时间的预退火处理对α-Fe相的析出影响较大；预退火温度为500℃时，预退火时间应不超过90 min;预退火时间过长导致晶相提前析出，晶化组织不均匀。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

显微维氏硬度测量不确定度评定

对显微维氏硬度测量不确定度进行评定，建立了不确定度计算的数学模型，确定了影响实验结果的各项因素，计算出了各因素的标准不确定度，得出结果的扩展不确定度，并给出最终测量结果的表达式。     

Concept of freedom of infection of animal flocks

Totally negative results of epidemiological investigation of random samples do not prove the absence of the infection as the pathogen may be restricted to only a few animals in the herd for a long time. The statement "absence of infection" is critical for such situations. The question is raised, whether the statement "absence of infection" should be generally avoided. Classification of herds and flocks according to the prevalence of the pathogen would be more valid for the implementation of control measures.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Rehabilitation of disorders of the breaking of voice

The adolescent's breaking of the voice is the result of the substitution of the chest voice (or heavy mechanism) for the head voice (or light mechanism). In cases of late breaking, the voice is abnormally high-pitched and feeble, often with a distorted timbre, while the larynx is normal and pubescent. Such people are generally not fully aware of their voices' real nature. Therapy classically resorts to laryngeal manipulations, of which a new technique is put forward. Another therapeutic approach is based, on the one hand, on critical listening compared with a control male voice, thus enabling the subject to become aware of his own voice, and, on the other hand, on high intensity work which helps passing from head to chest voice.