秦南地区天然气成因与油气勘探潜力分析

为了评价和认识秦南地区有重大勘探突破的陡坡带和该区的勘探潜力,利用该地区天然气组分和碳同位素等分析资料、伴生原油的油源对比以及油气运移模拟,定量刻画与定性评价相结合,对秦南地区天然气成因和油气勘探潜力进行了系统研究.研究表明:凸起带天然气为新近系溶解气且以干气为主,陡坡带天然气为古近系凝析气且为湿气;陡坡带天然气主要为油型气,碳同住素发生倒转.与之伴生原油的生物标记物表明,油气为沙三段(E2s3)和沙一段(E3s1)烃源岩共同贡献的结果.油气运移数值模拟表明:油气仅为断阶带"活跃"源岩所贡献;非烃类天然气为无机CO2幔源气;秦南凹陷为"小而肥"的富生烃凹陷,沙河街组烃源岩为好烃源岩,东下段(E3dL)烃源岩为中一好烃源岩;该地区油气主要为沙河街组烃源岩所贡献.油气优势运移路径与烃源岩评价表明,秦南地区为陡坡带和西斜坡,石臼坨凸起缓坡带和辽西低凸起南末端为有利勘探区.     

渤海湾盆地辽河坳陷西部凹陷兴隆台区地质特征研究

兴隆台潜山位于西部凹陷中部,西部凹陷属于辽河坳陷的次一级构造单元,兴隆台地区地层自下而上为太古界、中生界、下第三系沙河街组、东营组、上第三系馆陶组及第四系地层。通过对区域地层特征、构造特征和演化特征三个方面进行研究,能对辽河坳陷西部凹陷兴隆台区储层研究提供一定的指导意义。     

松辽盆地南部红岗背斜幔源-岩浆成因CO2大规模泄露的岩石学记录

通过片钠铝石自生矿物的时空分布、产状和含片钠铝石砂岩中流体包裹体特征的研究,揭示了松辽盆地南部红岗背斜CO2大规模渗漏的岩石学记录.在红岗背斜,片钠铝石主要分布于白垩系青山口组,其次为泉头组和姚家组.绝大部分含片钠铝石砂岩中不含CO2,部分含片钠铝石砂岩发育层段为油层.片钠铝石含量与沥青含量呈弱正相关,沥青普遍分布于油层和干层中.在含片钠铝石砂岩中发育CO2充注前和充注后2个成岩共生组合.其中:在CO2充注前形成的成岩共生组合中,赋存以液烃包裹体为主的第一期油气包裹体;在CO2充注后形成的成岩共生组合中,赋存以气液烃包裹体为主的第二期油气包裹体.研究表明,CO2大规模泄露的岩石学记录主要为广泛分布的、赋存于非CO2气藏中的片钠铝石自生矿物和沥青.前者是CO2大规模泄露的重要标志,后者是CO2渗漏过程中由于地层压力降低,引起原油轻重组分分离而形成的.红岗断层可能是CO2大规模泄露的通道,其渗漏时间应该不晚于明二段沉积之前.     

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区延长组裂缝特征及成因

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区上三叠统延长组长8、长6及长4+5油层组属于典型的低孔、低渗型砂岩储层,广泛发育的裂缝系统对储层物性改善和油气运聚成藏具有重要控制作用.综合应用野外剖面和钻井岩心,结合测井及镜下鉴定资料对该地区裂缝发育特征及其成因进行综合研究,结果表明:姬塬地区各油层组发育早期东西向和北西-南东向共轭剪切裂缝为主,晚期南北向和北东-南西向共轭剪切裂缝次之的2组高角度裂缝,且多为未充填的有效裂缝;在特定沉积相带背景下的燕山期构造运动和盆地低渗透致密砂岩储层形成过程的超压作用,是裂缝形成的重要因素;裂缝大量存在是研究区各油层组储层低孔却具备相对高渗带的主要原因,也为油气后期幕式快速充注成藏提供了通道条件,使低孔背景条件下的相对高渗带成为油气富集成藏的有利场所.     

准噶尔盆地西北缘车排子凸起上、下层系原油的地球化学特征差异及其意义

根据原油物性、化学组成、生物标志化合物以及稳定碳同位素等特征,将准噶尔盆地车排子地区各层系的原油划分为2组:一组是储集在侏罗系及以下层系的原油(下层系原油),另一组是储集在白垩系及以上层系的原油(上层系原油).同一组原油的物理和化学特征相似,而不同组的原油则相差较大.下层系原油为同一来源,来自二叠系烃源岩;上层系原油亦为同一来源,主要来自侏罗系.利用含氮化合物分布特征对该区进行油源划分和对比的结果与用密度、粘度、原油族组成和生物标志化合物等参数所得到的结果完全吻合,可见含氮化合物也可以用于原油类型划分和油源对比方面的研究.最后建立了车排子凸起的油气成藏模式:车排子凸起紧邻凹陷,油源条件充足;构造位置有利,是油气运移的优势指向区;该区发育的众多断层和不整合面,为油气的运移提供了良好的通道.油气沿断裂垂向运移时遇到不整合面则发生侧向运移,从而在空间上构成"Z"字形或呈阶梯状的运移路线,最终形成油藏类型多、含油层系多的成藏面貌.     

渤海古近系辫状河三角洲储层描述配套技术——以锦州25-1南油田沙河街组为例

因沙河街组储层埋藏较深,沉积相类型较复杂,储层横向变化较快,且地震资料品质较差,沙河街组储层的描述难度很大.针对以上技术难点,建立辫状河三角洲储层描述的"四步法"技术体系,即背景岩性分析砂层组技术、目标层地质模式分析技术、模式约束地震相分析技术、恢复古地貌储层描述技术.以锦州25一1南油田为例用此方法预测沙二段储层的展布规律.从开发井结果看,锦州25-1南油田沙二段新井全部钻遇设计油层,且基本上为自喷生产,平均单井产油能力为225m3/d,产气量为3×1043/d,油藏开发效果好.     

包裹体测温恢复剥蚀厚度新方法在准噶尔盆地车——莫古隆起的应用

准噶尔盆地车-莫古隆起侏罗系顶部和白垩系底部之间发育剥蚀面(K/J不整合),恢复古隆起剥蚀厚度是盆地分析的重要研究内容之一.在广泛分析各种剥蚀厚度恢复方法适用性的基础上,结合该区埋藏史和地温史分析,提出了包襄体测温恢复剥蚀厚度的新方法;其基本原理是利用古隆起开始抬升时形成的包裹体与抬升剥蚀结束时形成的包裹体的均一化温度差和古地温梯度,计算剥蚀量.用该方法恢复了车-莫古隆起的剥蚀厚度,沙1井和盆4井的剥蚀厚度分别为390～438 m和361～406 m.包襄体测温恢复剥蚀厚度的计算方法简单,关键是要通过埋藏史、地温史分析和镜下观察包裹体发育部位等综合手段,找到地层抬升开始前和抬升结束时形成的包襄体.该方法适用于后期沉积厚度远大于剥蚀厚度或经历了多期构造运动发育多个不整合面的剥蚀厚度恢复.     

根据构造脊和地球化学指标研究油气运移路径:以东濮凹陷濮卫地区为例

以往关于油气运移路径的认识,多是基于微观尺度上的物理模拟实验,或是利用计算机模拟进行的,而对油气运聚单元尺度的油气运移路径的确定研究还相对较少.以东濮凹陷濮卫地区为例,从砂体和断层要素研究出发,分析油气的优势运移通道,结合生烃灶和油气的分布,对优势运移通道的有效性进行评价,进一步结合含氮化合物指标,识别实际发生油气运移的路径.研究表明,构造脊分析与地球化学指标追踪相结合可以较准确地识别油气运移路径,砂体顶面构造脊和断层断面脊是油气运移的优势通道,其能否成为运移路径,以及作为运移路径运载量的多少则取决于生烃灶总烃量.濮卫地区油气沿断面脊纵向运移为主,洼陷内部和濮城构造东翼斜坡带沿砂体顶面构造脊的横向运移次之,含氮化合物指标分析表明该区大多数构造脊均为实际的油气运移路径.     

东营凹陷沙四上亚段滩坝物源体系

滩坝是东营凹陷沙四上亚段的一个重要沉积体系.根据岩石中岩屑组分的类型及组合特征、砂岩成分成熟度、砂体展布方向及古地理格局等对东营凹陷沙四上亚段进行了物源体系的研究.研究区存在9大物源体系,其中广饶凸起、鲁西隆起、滨县凸起和高青三角洲为潍坝的形成提供了物源.根据物源与滩坝的关系,将研究区划分为基岩-滩坝物源体系、正常三角洲-滩坝物源体系、扇三角洲-滩坝物源体系;由于物源的性质、供给强度的不同,造成滩坝在宏观展布和储层特征上存在明显差异.     

潜江凹陷潜北断裂带构造特征及演化史

潜北地区结构复杂,毗邻生烃洼陷,是潜江凹陷重要的油气资源接替区块,凹陷北部的潜北边界断层的主要活动在潜江组沉积时期。利用三维精细构造解释成果,解剖潜北断裂带,从剖面和平面总结潜北断裂带中段构造特征。潜北断裂带纵向上存在3个区分层,把构造活动划分成了四个时期;平面上可以划分为3段,西段发育阶梯断层,中段发育荆沙红墙,东段表现为犁型正断层。依据断裂带构造特征可以把潜北断层活动期次划分为走滑拉分、断陷、坳陷、张扭4个期次。根据潜江凹陷演化过程说明了现今上升盘曾经沉积过潜江组,解决了红墙的成因及其归属问题。     

Voices of fear and anxiety and sadness and depression: The effects of speech rate and loudness on fear and anxiety and sadness and depression.

Two studies investigated the role of expressive vocal behavior (specifically, speech rate and loudness) in fear and anxiety and in sadness and depression. In the 1st study, participants spoke about personally experienced fear and anxiety-arousing and neutral events using 3 different voice styles: fast and loud, normal, and slow and soft. In the 2nd study, participants spoke about personally experienced sad or depressing and neutral events using the same 3 voice styles. In both studies, the participants' highest levels of subjective affective and cardiovascular (CV) arousal occurred when they spoke about the emotional events in a mood-congruent voice style: fast and loud in the case of fear and anxiety, and slow and soft in the case of sadness or depression. Mood-incongruent voice styles canceled the heightened levels of CV arousal normally associated with these negative emotions. The voice-style manipulation had no significant effect on the participants' levels of CV arousal during the neutral discussions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sexuality and aging--usual and successful

BACKGROUND: As aging research increasingly reflects an effort to dissociate true time-driven changes from those that can be improved, sexuality in later life remains largely unexplored. Several problems are evident. There is a lack of normative data, a lack of a conceptual framework relating to the biology, psychology, and sociology of sex, and an attitudinal resistance that obscures the entire topic. METHODS: We conducted a three-part instructional series on major topics involved with sexuality and aging. We surveyed our group of attendees (n 158, average age 68 for males, 65 for females) before and after the series. RESULTS: A remarkably robust sex life was evidenced by both the men and the women, even until advanced old age. Yet, a substantially decreased involvement was reported from 10 years earlier. Despite current activities, people of both sexes wished they were participating even more than they currently were. Impotency was identified as the major negative feature for the men; relationship problems were for the women. A questionnaire 6 months after the series reported improved sexual attitudes, but no change in sexual activities from the earlier survey. CONCLUSION: Sexuality is a major quality-of-life issue which persists into old age. Our study showed that the usual sexual practices reported by our group were not considered by them to be ideal. The intervention of this instructional series provided improved sexual attitudes but not performance. Additional studies are encouraged.     

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and sports

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis occur predominantly in the lower lumbar spine. Besides congenital defects such as predisposition of spondylolysis the correlation between competitive sports activities and an increased incidence of spondylolysis is proved. In early stages, complete healing can be achieved by conservative treatment (abstinence from sports activities for 3 months, orthesis). Persistence of pain, neurologic symptoms and progression of vertebral slipping are indications for operative treatment (reconstruction of the isthmus, dorso-ventral spondylodesis). The exercise tolerance depends on the extent of instability, progression of vertebral slipping and clinical symptoms. The limits of exercise tolerance vary among the individual athletes and require the decision of the physician. Backstroke swimming, abdominal and back muscle strengthening exercises, and types of sport involving smooth movements are advisable. Sports education in school is possible without restriction in patients with stable spondylolysis and in those with spondylolisthesis without unfavourable concomitant factors.     

Synthesis and analysis of mixed chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and assessment of formation and occurrence of the fluorinated and chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Despite the use of multimodal therapy, higher-grade glioma is still uniformly fatal in the adult population. There is a considerable difference between the length of survival in each given patient, even within the same tumor type and malignancy grade group, suggesting that there are factors that might differentially influence outcome. To identify such factors, 107 patients with anaplastic or malignant glioma were retrospectively investigated. Clinical parameters and paraclinical data on the p53, mdm2, and EGFR genes at the DNA or protein level were evaluated by univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Kaplan-Meier survival estimation demonstrated that immunohistochemical positivity for mdm2 protein in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or with glioblastoma multiforme was associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.02). P53 gene mutations and immunopositivity for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein were not significantly related to poor prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed immunohistochemical positivity for p53, mdm2, or for both of them, the presence of postoperative irradiation, and the extent of surgical resection of tumor to be variables significantly associated with prolonged survival. EGFR overexpression, age over 60 years, and Karnofsky performance score below 40 points did not significantly shorten survival time. In conclusion, the present study identified immunohistochemically detected mdm2-protein overexpression as a statistically significant negative prognostic parameter in patients bearing anaplastic or malignant glioma. Association analysis of variables revealed a possible correlation between mdm2 and p53, which is also consistent with the biological interaction mode of both proteins in vivo.     

Larks and owls and health, wealth, and wisdom

OBJECTIVE: To test the validity of Benjamin Franklin's maxim "early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." DESIGN: Cross sectional analysis of sleeping patterns in a nationally representative group of elderly people, and longitudinal investigation of mortality. SETTING: Eight areas in Britain (five in England, two in Scotland, and one in Wales). SUBJECTS: 1229 men and women aged 65 and over who in 1973-4 had taken part in a survey funded by the Department of Health and Social Security and for whom data on sleeping patterns, health, socioeconomic circumstances, and cognitive function had been recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported income, access to a car, standard of accommodation, performance on a test of cognitive function, state of health and mortality during 23 years of follow up. RESULTS: 356 people (29%) were defined as larks (to bed before 11 pm and up before 8 am) and 318 (26%) were defined as owls (to bed at or after 11 pm and up at or after 8 am). There was no indication that larks were richer than those with other sleeping patterns. On the contrary, owls had the largest mean income and were more likely to have access to a car. There was also no evidence that larks were superior to those with other sleeping patterns with regard to their cognitive performance or their state of health. Both larks and owls had a slightly reduced risk of death compared with the rest of the study sample, but this was accounted for by the fact that they spent less time in bed at night. In the study sample as a whole, longer periods of time in bed were associated with increased mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, the presence of illness, and other risk factors, people who spent 12 or more hours in bed had a relative risk of death of 1.7 (1.2 to 2.5) compared with those who were in bed for 9 hours. The lowest risk occurred in people who spent 8 hours in bed (adjusted relative risk 0.8; 0.7 to 1.0). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support Franklin's claim. A "late to bed and late to rise" lifestyle does not seem to lead to socioeconomic, cognitive, or health disadvantage, but a longer time spent in bed may be associated with increased mortality.     

Craniometaphyseal and craniodiaphyseal dysplasia, head and neck manifestations and management

Mechanical allodynia (MA) following hand injury is a well-documented clinical problem. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the relationship between hand MA and the upper limb tension test (ULTT). The ULTT mechanically stresses the neural structures from the C5/6/7 neural foramina to the median nerve distally. This study examined 29 subjects with unilateral hand MA before and after a 2-week neural self-mobilization programme. There was a significant difference between the subjects' affected and unaffected sides when tested using the ULTT, both in reproduction of symptoms and in reduced range of motion of the ULTT. Following the self-mobilization program, there was an improvement in the range of the ULTT, and subjects reported a reduction in their symptoms. Complete recovery was not obtained in all cases. The results of this study suggest that the ULTT is a useful tool both in assessment and treatment of subjects with hand MA.     

材料科学技术转型发展与钢铁创新基础设施的建设

摘要：在第4次工业革命浪潮的推动下,钢铁科学与技术正在经历数字化、智能化转型。钢铁行业全流程各工序均为“黑箱”,为多场、多相、多变的巨系统,具有复杂相关关系和遗传效应等。这些不确定性带来了巨大的挑战。挑战和机遇并存。这些不确定性提供了智能化和数字化技术的应用场景资源;钢铁行业极为丰富的大数据提供了挖掘其中蕴含客观规律的数据资源;现代的数据科学、智能技术为解决不确定性问题提供了强大的手段。以数据为中心,以工业互联网为载体,以实验工具、数字数据、计算工具为支撑,建设钢铁企业材料创新基础设施,将可以大幅度提高研发效率,降低研发成本,有力地支撑钢铁材料科学与技术的转型发展。实验工具平台除了传统的实验室仪器装备和中试装备之外,实际生产线被作为主要的实验工具。这些实验工具提供丰富、精准、写实的历史数据和现实生产数据,特别是生产线装备提供实际生产大数据,蕴含着生产过程中的全部规律,是极宝贵的数据资源。利用机器学习、深度学习等现代数据挖掘技术为计算工具,对这些数据资源进行处理、分析、计算,将数据转换为高保真度模型,可以得到具有“原位分析能力”的数字孪生。在工业互联网的总体架构下,以数字孪生为核心,组成信息物理系统,构建起基于数据自动流动的状态感知、实时分析、科学决策、精准执行的闭环赋能体系,解决生产制造、应用服务过程中的复杂性和不确定性问题,提高资源配置效率,实现资源优化,对材料行业转型发展提供关键技术支撑。虚实映射、实时交互、精准控制的信息物理系统与材料创新基础设施合二为一,以材料创新基础设施为基盘,形成具有“原位分析能力”的数字孪生,建设钢铁生产全流程、一体化的信息物理系统,必将推进钢铁行业智能制造蓬勃开展和数字化、智能化转型。     

Daydreaming and curiosity in gifted and average children and adolescents.

307 gifted (CA 10–16 yrs; mean IQ 138.8) and 192 age-matched average Ss (IQ 100.8) completed the Imaginal Processes Inventory, the Children's Reactive Curiosity Scale, and the Academic Curiosity Scale. Demographic and IQ data were obtained from Ss' school records. Factor analysis of the data resulted in factors indicative of individual difference dimensions in daydreaming content and curiosity independent of demographic and IQ factors. Analyses of factor scores by grade level revealed decreasing linear trends over grade on the Guilt and Fear of Failure Daydreaming factor in both groups. Increasing trends over grade level were found for the Curiosity and Positive-Constructive Daydreaming factors in the gifted group. Average Ss showed a developmental decline in curiosity. Compared to average Ss, gifted Ss had higher Curiosity factor scores, lower Guilt and Fear of Failure Daydreaming scores, and higher scores on the Intelligence and Family Enrichment factor. The validity of the distinction between intellectual power and intellectual styles and the development of intellectual styles are discussed. (17 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Intralesional and topical chemotherapy and immunotherapy

This article covers the principles and applications of radiation therapy in horses. The goal in treating tumors by irradiation is tumor control with minimum treatment complications. Various treatment techniques are available to achieve this goal. The prognosis depends on many factors such as the extent and location of the tumor, tumor type and tumor cell proliferation. Radiation therapy is a very effective treatment modality for equine tumors but logistical reasons limit its impact in equine oncology.