Reduction of Fe1-xO in liquid state by H2+Ar mixtures

The investigations of reducing Fe_1-xO in liquid state with H₂+Ar mixtures, in top blowing stream of gas reactor, by using thermobalance method have been carried out. To make the system more homogeneous pure iron crucibles were used in the experiment. The experiments were carried out in the range of gas flow rate V = (5+80) · 10^?6 m³/s and in 1723 K. Reduction rate depends on hydrogen partial pressure and flow rate of gas mixture. The logarithm of apparent reduction rate constant is a linear function of logarithm of gas flow rate. In experimental conditions of this work, the initial rate of reduction satisfies the relation . Thus it has been shown that the reduction process is controlled by the mass transfer in the gaseous phase. Sherwood numbers obtained from observed values of reduction rates and empirical equation of the gas-phase mass transfer rate are correlated by equation . The values of mass transfer coefficient in gas phase calculated from Sherwood numbers are consistent with the values of apparent reduction rate constant and with estimated rate constant of chemical reaction of liquid F_e1-xO reduction.     

Laudatio: Prof. Dr. med. Dr. phil. Dres. h. c. Heinz H?fner

During the course of a year, there are many healthcare workers nationwide who sustain sharps injuries whilst carrying out their duties. Staff who work in the Accident and Emergency (A & E) units are no different from anyone else in this respect. The emotional cost of such an accident cannot be calculated, whereas the financial costs can. This article aims to show how the cost of an injury to a member of staff can be calculated, thus allowing a manager to assess the financial implications of sharps injuries to their department. In the absence of access to an Occupational Health (OH) department, most A & E units have to respond to sharps injuries to healthcare workers in the hospital. This task must be attended to by the medical staff as well as the nursing staff of the A & E unit. Within the following text the appropriate responses and methods to ensure uniformity of response are discussed. The tables and the calculation figures shown are taken directly from the information held in the St James's University Hospital Trust's OH department. All calculations are based on the middle band of the salary scale for each discipline. Accurate costings for each member of staff injured cannot be shown in this article, but the general principle is laid down and can be easily followed for any situation.     

Biofeedback. II. Reflections. Perspectives

The Biofeedback is a new field in full evolution where the clinical application is still at an experimental stage. But its interest is not only in the prospects which it is offering on the practical side, but also in the theoretical field in the sense of an improvement of our understanding of the rules and mechanisms of the learning at the visceral level. Besides, it is obvious that progress could only be made at the same time on the practical side and in theoretical field, and in a true psychosomatic outlook.     

Rats, Man . . .

Comments on the article by Richter entitled "Rats, Man, and the Welfare State" (see record 1960-02810-001). The commenter notes that in his article Richter did not indicate how hereditary and environmental factors were controlled. In comparing the hereditary survival characteristics of wild versus domesticated rats, it would be essential that the environmental influences on the survival characteristics of the wild rats should be ruled out. Another factor to be considered is that the wild state may offer a diet and other environmental influences, which in the life of a single individual would produce organic changes, accounting for some of the differences between wild and domestic rats. It would seem that the most effective way to determine the hereditary differences between wild and domestic rats would be to create a wild group, composed solely of the offspring of wild rats. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Helping in 36 U.S. cities.

A series of experiments examined the relationship of urbanism to helping. Six types of helping behaviors were studied in a cross-sample of 36 small, medium, and large cities across the United States. The relationship of helping to a series of statistics reflecting the demographic, social, environmental, and economic characteristics of these communities was then examined. The strongest and most consistent predictor of overall helping was population density. There were significant correlations between economic indicators and helping in 3 situations. Helping in some situations also tended to be negatively related to violent crime rates and to environmental problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Philip S. Holzman.

The American Psychological Foundation (APF) Gold Medal Awards recognize distinguished and enduring records of accomplishment in 4 areas of psychology. The 1997 recipient of the Gold Medal Award for Life Achievement in the Application of Psychology is Philip S. Holzman. This article discusses Holzman's life and contribution to psychology especially in schizophrenia and psychopathology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Rapport Du Secretaire-Tresorier M. E. P. Sloan.

Presents the June, 1968 report of the Secretary-Treasurer of the Canadian Psychological Association. During the year, the various committees of the Association continued their high level of activity in spite of severely limited financial support for committee meetings. The President and the Secretary-Treasurer represented the Association at a number of special meetings arranged by Canada Council and the Social Science Research Council. Due to shortage of funds and other commitments, the Secretary-Treasurer did not attend the annual meetings of the Canadian Commission for UNESCO or the Canadian Citizenship Council. As mentioned in last year's Report, the Association would be pleased to hear from members who would be prepared to represent the Association at these or other meetings in which they have special interest. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

C.A.T. scans

With the rapidly mounting cost of medical care in hospitals, physicians must seek alternative forms of therapy for illnesses that could conceivably be treated by less confining methods. One appraoch to this problem is the Psoriasis Day Care Center, where psoriasis patients with extensive disease are treated during the day and allowed to return home at night. The advantages include reduced cost, accessibility for more patients, and superior therapeutic results. This day care center concept could be equally applicable to other diseases now routinely treated by complete hospitalization.     

Violence and U.S. regional culture.

The US South, and western regions of the US initially settled by Southerners, are more violent than the rest of the country. Homicide rates for White Southern males are substantially higher than those for White Northern males, especially in rural areas. But only for argument-related homicides are Southern rates higher. Southerners do not endorse violence more than do Northerners when survey questions are expressed in general terms, but they are more inclined to endorse violence for protection and in response to insults. Southern Ss responded with more apparent anger to insults than did Northerners and were more likely to propose violent solutions to conflicts presented in scenarios after being insulted. The social matrix that produced this pattern may be the culture of honor characteristic of particular economic circumstances, including the herding society of the early South. Consistent with this possibility, the herding regions of the South are still the most violent. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

B. F. Skinner, organism.

B. F. Skinner illustrated the power of behavior analysis by turning it on his own behavior. This article considers parallels in the life and work of Charles Darwin and places Skinner's views of life and death in the context of his selectionist paradigm for psychology. The term organism plays a special role, and the account shows why Skinner might have regarded it as an appropriate title. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Racemose angiomatosis. Comments on the article of D.E. Matsko and I.A.Sokolova. Racemose angioma of the nervous system: tumor or developmental defect? Vopr. onkol. 1966. V.42, No.6. p.91-96

Diversion colitis is thought to result from nutritional deficiencies secondary to fecal diversion. Symptoms include hemorrhagic purulent rectal discharge, abdominal pain, and tenesmus. 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and N-butyrate enemas have been reported to help this condition non-spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. We report the case of a 49-year-old C6 ASIA B tetraplegic man who had received colostomy because of intractable ileus 10 years earlier. He presented with a 2-week history of rectal pain and bleeding. Abdominal and rectal examination on admission were unremarkable. Colonoscopy showed a partial stricture 70cm proximally to the rectum. The colonic mucosa appeared granular and friable with evidence of linear ulceration. Histopathologic study was consistent with colitis. The patient developed fever, abdominal distention, and extensive retroperitoneal air after endoscopy, suggesting colonic perforation. He was treated with daily 5-ASA suppository and total parenteral nutrition for the presumed diagnosis of diversion colitis, and intravenous antibiotics for perforated colon. After 6 weeks of treatment with 5-ASA, the patient had decreased rectal pain and bleeding. This experience suggests that diversion colitis may be a cause of abdominal discomfort in SCI patients and that 5-ASA may be used in the management of diversion colitis.     

1969 C.P.A. Institute.

Presents the program for the C.P.A. Institute entitled "The Role of Counseling Services on the Contemporary Campus." The Institute was held on June 2-3, 1969. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Editorial. On Tub Thumping.

The current issue of the Canadian Psychologist presents coordinated contributions which identify emerging issues in Canadian psychology and offers data-supported comment on academic, numerical and publication characteristics of Canadian psychologists. The reader will catch the sense of decision for psychology in Canada--with respect to the internal balance, priorities and goals of the discipline, and for our interface (or lack of it) with accelerating change in goals and methods of society in general. This editorial also discusses a lack of communication among psychologists in Canada. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

E. G. B.: The early years and change of course.

Discusses why E. G. Boring left the laboratory to become the foremost historian of experimental psychology. The position of psychology in general and at Harvard in particular in the mid-1920s is examined, and it is concluded that Boring turned to history because he could not accept the current phenomenological or behavioristic approaches. The Zeitgeist had rendered Titchenerian structuralism obsolete so it was natural for Boring to devote himself to the history of the great sensory tradition. His inclusion of James and Freud among the "very great" psychologists showed his growth in appreciation of men outside the structuralist school. Boring's career exemplified the positive and negative interactions of eponyms with the Zeitgeist which he maintained was an essential factor in the progress of science. (19 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Liver transplantation. I. Its history. The indications. Clinical efficacy]

The aim of this study is to present the actual indications of the liver transplantation in adult as well as in children patients. A multicenter comparative study based on the already published reports in Europe and in the United States has been done in order to analyse the survival rates for different liver diseases subjected to liver transplantation, as well as the prevalence of these nosologic entities in different hepato-biliary centers. Such an analysis is badly needed in Romania, where the prevalence of liver diseases is relatively high, and in the context of the initiation of transplantation in our country.     

Physician migration to the U.S.--foreign aid for U.S. manpower

Data were obtained from the American Medical Association on Iranian physicians practicing in the U.S., and from the Iranian Medical Registry on U.S.-trained Iranian physicians who have returned to practice in Iran. There were 2,066 Iranian physicians practicing in the U.S. in 1972, 1,234 (60%) of whom were not undergoing any training. Only 600 of Iran's 9,535 physicians in 1972 had been trained in the United States. Thus, less than one-third of the specialists who have completed training in the U.S. have returned to practice in Iran. The specialist group with the highest rate of return is the combined surgery subspecialties (neurosurgery, thoracic surgery, orthopedic surgery, and plastic surgery). The specialist groups with the lowest rates of return were pathology, anesthesiology, and psychiatry. A comparison is made of the manpower problems Iran faces and the American problems in the area of physician manpower.     

Educators' perceptions of the D.A.R.E. program

This study examines the perceptions of educators about the Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.) program, based on the results of a statewide survey among 286 fifth and sixth grade teachers and principals. Educators gave their highest ratings to teacher/officer interaction, the role playing exercises, and the graduation ceremony. Ratings of overall program quality and the impact of the program on students were both high. Block regression analysis was used to examine factors predictive of educators' views of D.A.R.E. D.A.R.E. program elements were the most important factors explaining variance in educators' ratings of over-all program quality and program impact on students. Altogether, 54 percent and 38 percent of the variance in both dependent variables were explained. The results are discussed in terms of the important role teachers and principals play as stakeholders in prevention education.