当代中国行政管理体制改革探讨

行政管理是指国家机关运用行政权利来实现国家职能与利益的执行和指挥,是国家赋予行政机构及其工作人员的职权,使其在职权范围内行使国家权力,保证法律和行政法规的贯彻和执行.其主要实现形式是通过行政行为.行政管理体制是国家政治体制的重要组成部分,包括政府机构的设置、政府职权的划分和政府机关的形式等.本文首先介绍当代中国行政管理体制的概况,分析其存在的问题和改革的必要性,最后提出几点建议和看法.     

现阶段我国政府职能转变问题分析

现阶段我国政府职能转变的重要意义:有利于维护社会稳定、有利于优化政府能力、有利于提高人民生活水平.现阶段我国政府职能转变存在的问题:管理理念问题、角色定位问题、理顺关系问题.政府职能转变的基本路径:科学界定政府职能、推进行政观念的转变、加强制度建设与强化公共服务职能.     

我国政府机构绩效管理机制改革研究

行政机关公务员的绩效考评决定着整个行政部门的效能,也是各级政府切实转变政府职能,大力推进政府管理创新的关键因素.本交分析了我国政府机关绩效考评的现状和存在的问题;分析了政府机关绩效考评管理机制与提升政府职能、推进政府管理创新的关系;通过建立公务员的绩效考评指标体系,提出了改革我国政府机关公务员绩效考评机制的途径.     

我国政府行政效率问题浅析

改革开放初期,邓小平同志就揭示了我国行政效率低下的事实,虽然经过30多年的行政改革,我国政府行政效率有所提高,但是政府管理机构臃肿、人浮于事、浪费严重的状况仍没有得到彻底改善,为此需要我国政府从制度创新、政府职能观念转变以及实行政府办公的现代化等方面下功夫.     

医院管理中应处理好学术权力和行政权力的关系

学术权力和行政权力是共存于医院的两种基本权力,两者均为医疗质量服务,又在某些方面冲突,必然导致医院权力结构的复杂性和多样性.通过分析我国医院经营管理中结构现状,提倡学术权力、行政权力分离和相互服务,学术权力是基础,行政权力为学术权力服务,统一于医院服务质量.     

十二五规划与重庆行政管理体制创新

一、十一五重庆行政管理体制创新的回顾 十一五期间,重庆行政管理体制不断创新.设立6大区域性中心城市,发展其余34个区县城市,建设100个中心镇,形成以主城区为依托布局合理的大中小城市网络,实现大城市带大农村.进一步转变政府职能,减少行政审批事项,减少行政事业性收费项目,充分发挥市场配置资源的作用;建立国有资产经营公司,实现政资分开;放权区县,以利统筹城乡和扩大开放.     

我国基本公共服务均等化过程中多元参与机制构建研究

"逐步实现基本公共服务均等化"是社会进入转型关键时期我国政府面临的重要任务和主要目标,对于缓和社会现有矛盾和维护社会稳定至关重要.但长期以来"政府独家提供"造成基本公共服务所需资金严重不足,供给效率低下,地区、城乡、群体之间差距较大.究其原因,主要是政府角色定位不明确、政府职能转变不到位;市场参与力量不够;各类社会组织作用发挥不充分;公民自身的作用没有得到充分发挥.因此,依据基本公共服务的不同属性和类别,构建政府主导;市场、社会、公民自身等主体的多元参与机制,促进基本公共服务均等化.     

论行政决策程序的法制化——《湖南省行政程序规定》的立法模式分析

<湖南省行政程序规定>是我国第一个规范地方行政程序的立法.它的颁布对我国行政决策程序的法制化极具现实意义.<湖南省行政程序规定>以公民享有更多程序权利、政府承担更多程序义务为线索,以规范政府行政行为、转变权力运行模式、推进依法行政为目的,以突出程序控权、强调依程序办事、建立服务型政府为立法特色.<湖南省行政程序规定>也存在一些缺陷,通过对该规定的缺陷进行分析,提出了对制定行政决策要进行事前、事中、事后的全程监督等建议.     

浅议包钢改革与发展的成就和存在的主要问题

包钢在"以改革求生存、求发展"的基本指导思想和"优化钢铁、突出稀土、大力发展非钢产业"的总体发展战略指导下,以建立现代企业制度为目标,在理顺体制,转变机制,精干主体,分离辅助,构造集团化、母子公司管理体制等方面取得了骄人的成绩.分析了包钢集团在改革方面取得的主要成就和存在的主要问题.     

对我国行政管理体制改革的几点思考

一、行政管理体制创新的必要性 行政管理是指国家行政机关行使国家权力,依靠法律管理国家事务、社会公共事务和行政机关内部事务的活动.行政管理制度则是国家行政机关的管理体制,具体是指行政组织的设置、职权的划分、人事制度及运行机制等的关系模式.行政管理体制在政治、经济、社会的运行中占重要地位,起着基础性作用.     

Voices of fear and anxiety and sadness and depression: The effects of speech rate and loudness on fear and anxiety and sadness and depression.

Two studies investigated the role of expressive vocal behavior (specifically, speech rate and loudness) in fear and anxiety and in sadness and depression. In the 1st study, participants spoke about personally experienced fear and anxiety-arousing and neutral events using 3 different voice styles: fast and loud, normal, and slow and soft. In the 2nd study, participants spoke about personally experienced sad or depressing and neutral events using the same 3 voice styles. In both studies, the participants' highest levels of subjective affective and cardiovascular (CV) arousal occurred when they spoke about the emotional events in a mood-congruent voice style: fast and loud in the case of fear and anxiety, and slow and soft in the case of sadness or depression. Mood-incongruent voice styles canceled the heightened levels of CV arousal normally associated with these negative emotions. The voice-style manipulation had no significant effect on the participants' levels of CV arousal during the neutral discussions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Synthesis and analysis of mixed chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and assessment of formation and occurrence of the fluorinated and chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Despite the use of multimodal therapy, higher-grade glioma is still uniformly fatal in the adult population. There is a considerable difference between the length of survival in each given patient, even within the same tumor type and malignancy grade group, suggesting that there are factors that might differentially influence outcome. To identify such factors, 107 patients with anaplastic or malignant glioma were retrospectively investigated. Clinical parameters and paraclinical data on the p53, mdm2, and EGFR genes at the DNA or protein level were evaluated by univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Kaplan-Meier survival estimation demonstrated that immunohistochemical positivity for mdm2 protein in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or with glioblastoma multiforme was associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.02). P53 gene mutations and immunopositivity for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein were not significantly related to poor prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed immunohistochemical positivity for p53, mdm2, or for both of them, the presence of postoperative irradiation, and the extent of surgical resection of tumor to be variables significantly associated with prolonged survival. EGFR overexpression, age over 60 years, and Karnofsky performance score below 40 points did not significantly shorten survival time. In conclusion, the present study identified immunohistochemically detected mdm2-protein overexpression as a statistically significant negative prognostic parameter in patients bearing anaplastic or malignant glioma. Association analysis of variables revealed a possible correlation between mdm2 and p53, which is also consistent with the biological interaction mode of both proteins in vivo.     

Sexuality and aging--usual and successful

BACKGROUND: As aging research increasingly reflects an effort to dissociate true time-driven changes from those that can be improved, sexuality in later life remains largely unexplored. Several problems are evident. There is a lack of normative data, a lack of a conceptual framework relating to the biology, psychology, and sociology of sex, and an attitudinal resistance that obscures the entire topic. METHODS: We conducted a three-part instructional series on major topics involved with sexuality and aging. We surveyed our group of attendees (n 158, average age 68 for males, 65 for females) before and after the series. RESULTS: A remarkably robust sex life was evidenced by both the men and the women, even until advanced old age. Yet, a substantially decreased involvement was reported from 10 years earlier. Despite current activities, people of both sexes wished they were participating even more than they currently were. Impotency was identified as the major negative feature for the men; relationship problems were for the women. A questionnaire 6 months after the series reported improved sexual attitudes, but no change in sexual activities from the earlier survey. CONCLUSION: Sexuality is a major quality-of-life issue which persists into old age. Our study showed that the usual sexual practices reported by our group were not considered by them to be ideal. The intervention of this instructional series provided improved sexual attitudes but not performance. Additional studies are encouraged.     

Larks and owls and health, wealth, and wisdom

OBJECTIVE: To test the validity of Benjamin Franklin's maxim "early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." DESIGN: Cross sectional analysis of sleeping patterns in a nationally representative group of elderly people, and longitudinal investigation of mortality. SETTING: Eight areas in Britain (five in England, two in Scotland, and one in Wales). SUBJECTS: 1229 men and women aged 65 and over who in 1973-4 had taken part in a survey funded by the Department of Health and Social Security and for whom data on sleeping patterns, health, socioeconomic circumstances, and cognitive function had been recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported income, access to a car, standard of accommodation, performance on a test of cognitive function, state of health and mortality during 23 years of follow up. RESULTS: 356 people (29%) were defined as larks (to bed before 11 pm and up before 8 am) and 318 (26%) were defined as owls (to bed at or after 11 pm and up at or after 8 am). There was no indication that larks were richer than those with other sleeping patterns. On the contrary, owls had the largest mean income and were more likely to have access to a car. There was also no evidence that larks were superior to those with other sleeping patterns with regard to their cognitive performance or their state of health. Both larks and owls had a slightly reduced risk of death compared with the rest of the study sample, but this was accounted for by the fact that they spent less time in bed at night. In the study sample as a whole, longer periods of time in bed were associated with increased mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, the presence of illness, and other risk factors, people who spent 12 or more hours in bed had a relative risk of death of 1.7 (1.2 to 2.5) compared with those who were in bed for 9 hours. The lowest risk occurred in people who spent 8 hours in bed (adjusted relative risk 0.8; 0.7 to 1.0). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support Franklin's claim. A "late to bed and late to rise" lifestyle does not seem to lead to socioeconomic, cognitive, or health disadvantage, but a longer time spent in bed may be associated with increased mortality.     

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and sports

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis occur predominantly in the lower lumbar spine. Besides congenital defects such as predisposition of spondylolysis the correlation between competitive sports activities and an increased incidence of spondylolysis is proved. In early stages, complete healing can be achieved by conservative treatment (abstinence from sports activities for 3 months, orthesis). Persistence of pain, neurologic symptoms and progression of vertebral slipping are indications for operative treatment (reconstruction of the isthmus, dorso-ventral spondylodesis). The exercise tolerance depends on the extent of instability, progression of vertebral slipping and clinical symptoms. The limits of exercise tolerance vary among the individual athletes and require the decision of the physician. Backstroke swimming, abdominal and back muscle strengthening exercises, and types of sport involving smooth movements are advisable. Sports education in school is possible without restriction in patients with stable spondylolysis and in those with spondylolisthesis without unfavourable concomitant factors.     

IQ and ego-resiliency: Conceptual and empirical connections and separateness.

The constructs of intelligence and ego-resiliency are discussed. The personality implications of "pure intelligence" and "pure ego-resilience" were identified. Intelligence (IQ) was indexed by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS—R) and ego-resiliency by an inventory scale. Residual scores measuring "pure intelligence" and "pure ego-resilience" were correlated with the items of the observer based California Q-sort, used to describe participants. Persons relatively high on ego-resilience tend to be more competent and comfortable in the "fuzzier" interpersonal world; persons defined primarily by raw IQ tend to be effective in the "clearer" world of structured work but tend also to be uneasy with affect and less able to realize satisfying human connections. Gender differences exist in the relations of ego-resilience and intelligence and in their adaptive relevance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Conserving and retaining equalities and inequalities through observation and correction.

Investigated the effects of modeling and corrective feedback on the conservation of equalities and inequalities, with items spanning 3 stimulus dimensions (length, number, and 2-dimensional space). Ss were 48 kindergartners (24 boys, 24 girls). Brief observation of a model, briefer correction training (joining positive feedback with verbal rule provision), and the combination of observation and correction were all successful in producing learning and, without further training, transfer and retention of conservation. Unlike the controls (who also never correctly answered any equality items), the trained experimental Ss gave evidence of spontaneously generalizing their new learning to a task that required nonverbal behavior to manifest conservation. (17 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reasoning and food and contamination.

Examines strategies that are used to reason about food and contamination. In Exp 1, Ss refrained from choosing a substance that had been given a "poison" label when the intent of the labeler was ambiguous or malicious but preferred this substance when a rationale was provided that dispelled the implication that there once might have been contaminants present. Exp 2 was designed to compare the effects of safety on conditional reasoning in food and food-irrelevant contexts. When the safety issue was relevant to food in the form of contamination, Ss were most likely to use formal logic in reasoning. A similar pattern of responses was found in Exp 3 on tasks for which Ss' ratings of their experience of contexts were matched for plausibility, experience, and danger. Results are discussed in terms of an adaptive constraint that facilitates rationality in reasoning within the food domain (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

深云立交桥梁检测及加固改造

根据深云立交桥梁的检测结果，对该桥目前的整体状况、工作状态，及其使用情况做出综合评价，对桥的病害原因进行了分析，并提出合理的加固方案。