飞来峡水利枢纽土坝段渗流稳定计算分析

飞来峡水利枢纽位于广东省北江干流中游,坝址控制流域面积34097km~2,作为综合性利用工程,具有防洪排涝、航运、发电等多种功能。土坝的渗流稳定分析计算是土坝工程设计中的重要环节,计算内容包括土坝的渗流计算及土坝的稳定计算,计算结果对土坝的实际运行有预测作用。     

板洞水库土坝渗流及渗透稳定计算与分析

对土坝进行渗流分析,比对理论计算与实测浸润线成果,查清工程渗流隐患,为工程运行及下一步消险加固提供技术依据。     

粘土水泥灌浆在红星水库防渗工程中的应用

水利工程的渗流破坏,往往导致工程失事难以补救,堤坝工程渗流问题更为严重。许多工程由于对土坝的渗流控制措施在设计方面考虑不周和仓促施工,质量差,给工程留下不少隐患,造成工程在运行中发生渗流破坏或渗透变形,蛟河市红星水库就是一例。通过采取粘土水泥灌浆防渗处理,经长期运行观测证明,防渗效果显著,渗漏隐患彻底根除。     

浅谈测压管水位分析法

众所周知,大坝建成蓄水后,由于库水位作用,导致坝体、坝肩和坝基出现渗流现象,这对大坝安全是不利的,但又是不可避免的。渗流异常是大坝失事的重要原因,大坝渗流问题成为大坝设计、施工、运行管理的关键课题,受到国内外坝工界高度重视。为监视土坝在渗流作用下是否正常和稳定,以便采取正确的运用方式或进行必要的处理,保证工程安全,应进行渗透观测。土坝渗透观测主要包括:土坝浸润线、土坝的渗透流量、绕     

纪村坝基及土坝坝体渗流特征分析

从纪村坝基和土坝坝体渗流场特征分析出发,讨论了水电站运行后,出现的重大工程问题及多年来采取一系列工程补强加固措施的效果及其存在的问题,主要结论是坝基渗流状态已趋稳定,扬压力小于设计控制值,工程措施效果明显;土坝浸润线水位偏高,采用沉井排水有一定效果,但存在副作用,采用垂直防渗措施应是主要的方法。     

深圳水库主坝坝体渗流监控指标拟定方法

渗流状态是评价和监控土坝安全的重要依据,渗流监控指标对于保障土坝安全具有重要意义。以深圳水库主坝MXG监测断面为工程实例,以土坝坝体渗压、浸润线和渗透坡降为研究对象,从不同的角度对土坝坝体渗流监控指标的拟定方法进行了研究,为同类土坝渗流监控指标拟定提供了较好的参考。     

石佛寺水库大坝渗流监测系统建设和渗流性状分析

石佛寺大坝为均质土坝,并且坝基地质基础条件不好,大坝运行中部分坝段存在坝基渗流严重和坝体浸润线过高的问题。因此,应建立大坝渗流监测系统,实时掌握大坝的渗流情况,以便为相关施工和管理提供科学依据,确保工程的安全和正常运行。     

土坝的渗流观测资料分析

土坝的渗透破坏在土坝失事事故中占有很大的比例，土坝的渗流观测是土坝运行管理的重要组成部分，从实用的角度总结了渗流观测资料的整理和分析一般原则和规定，还提出了渗流资料分析方法，以利于对土坝的运行状况进行了评价。     

有限元法在土坝稳定渗流计算中的应用

1　渗流计算中常用的几种方法及优缺点从理论上来说 ,土坝渗流计算是在已知定解条件 (初始条件、边界条件 )下解渗流基本方程 ,以求出土坝渗流场的水头分布 ,进而计算渗流量和渗流水力坡降等。迄今为止 ,已有大量的文献介绍了透水地基或不透水地基的土坝渗流计算方法 ,这些方法多为流体力学和水力学解法。对于实际的土坝工程 ,以往大都是借助于模型试验来求解土坝渗流问题。近代计算机技术的发展和计算机的应用为土坝渗流计算开辟了新的途径 ,各种复杂情况的土坝渗流 ,都可以在高速数字计算机上模拟出来 (数值模拟 ) ,模型试验比较来看具有…     

考虑渗透压的边坡稳定分析研究

土坝是水利工程中应用最广泛的建筑物之一,而坝体的渗流情况是土坝能否正常工作的一个重要因素。本文着力于对土坝的渗流及稳定进行分析,利用大型有限元分析软件Ansys及理正软件分别对土坝渗流场和稳定进行了仿真分析,并对计算结果进行了对比和分析,为土坝的设计、施工、运行提供可靠的依据和参考。     

山西省地下水资源开发利用中存在的问题及对策

山西省水资源严重短缺 ,地下水超采严重。分析了地下水资源量及可开采量、地下水开发利用历史和现状 ,以及超采产生的环境地质问题。在此基础上 ,提出了缓解地下水超采、有效合理开发利用地下水的一些措施意见 ,为加强地下水保护和管理提供了科学依据。     

2003年兰考、东明洪水漫滩落淤情况调查

通过对2003年秋汛期间兰考北滩、东明南滩两处漫滩情况进行调查与分析，得出的结论为：滩区共滞蓄水量6亿～9亿m^3，漫滩落淤范围为7．5km^2，顺漫滩水流方向的落淤距离约3km。在这种水沙条件下，泥沙不能被输送至较远的堤河。经分析计算，本次泥沙落淤量为900万～1350万t，且距口门1．0km范围内落淤泥沙中的82％为粒径大于0．05mm的粗沙。由此得到的主要认识有：①靠自然落淤解决“二级悬河”问题非常困难，甚至会增大“二级悬河”程度；②给漫滩水预留出路是降低淹没损失的关键；③落淤的粗沙使土地产生了十分严重的沙化现象，并且使当地环境趋于恶化。     

雷州半岛地区2015年防旱抗旱工作对策与启示

2015年,广东省雷州半岛地区出现大范围干旱,该文总结了干旱特点,分析了干旱成因,采取了水资源统筹调配、引导调整种植结构及播种时机、人工增雨、筹措资金应急补助等抗旱措施,效果较好。此外,提出该地区今后打造"扩库硬渠上井群"升级版、推进农业结构调整、改善生态环境推动绿色发展的防旱工作对策。     

Operation and Maintenance Performance and Conflicts in Flood-control Projects in Bangladesh

Many embankments failed in severe floods in Bangladesh in 1987 and 1988, and concern grew over ways to improve flood-control projects. Maintenance was poor due to reliance on periodic rehabilitation, but few failures were due to poor construction or maintenance. Embankments mostly failed where they were eroded or were deliberately cut. They were cut by people living outside who believed they were made more flood-prone, and by people living inside because of internal drainage congestion. This reflected inadequate hydrological modelling, lack of consultation and failure to resolve conflicts between affected groups. Resources for maintenance are not generated locally and could be used more efficiently. Participatory planning could reduce conflicts, encourage a sense of project ownership and facilitate contributions to maintenance.     

南京市2016年暴雨洪水分析与思考

2016年汛期,南京市发生了建国以来的大洪水,降雨量和主要河湖水位均超历史.在对2016年暴雨、水情、洪水特点分析的基础上,提出加强南京市防洪工程体系的建议.     

Domestic Water and Sanitation in Cyclones and Floods in Bangladesh and a Proposed Research Agenda

ABSTRACT

Water is one of the top priority item s i relief activities but the appropriateness and effectiveness of this activity may be questioned. Water and sanitation (WS) are inseparable and together they play major roles in the transmission of the pathogen of diarrhoeal disease. Thousands of people die or suffer from WS-related diseases during postdisaster periods. Here we present WS-related experiences gained after Bangladesh's 1991 cyclone and the views of participants in a regional and a national (local) workshop on this matter held in Bangladesh. About 63 per cent of the water purifying tablets (WPTs) distributed after the 1991 cyclone were found to have lost potency Relief personnel lack basic knowledge about WS practices and the management of WS provision. Participants in the two workshops documented serious problems i this field at both regional and national levels. Major issues for research may include: an appropriate environmental preparedness plan; appropriate waste disposal technologies; appropriate water treatment methods; self- help activities during vulnerable periods; and health education related to WS in disaster situations.     

Progress in ecological and environmental water requirements research and applications in China

Abstract:

With economic development, as well as population growth, the conflict between water supply and demand has become more and more acute in China, and it has been aggravated further by the irrational utilization of water resources. As a result, the deterioration and destruction of the eco‐environment have become increasingly serious. In order to effectively protect ecosystems and improve their ecological conditions, many studies on ecological and environmental water requirements (EEWR) have been carried out in China. In this paper, the concept and characteristics of EEWR are addressed, and the main advances of EEWR research and applications in China are summarized in four types of systems including studies on rivers, vegetation, lakes and wetlands, and groundwater. In conclusion, issues necessary to be studied further in the future are put forward.     

我国灌区建设及管理技术发展成就与展望

新中国成立70年来,我国灌区建设与管理取得了举世瞩目的成就,农田灌溉面积由1949年的1593万hm2发展到2016年的6714万hm2,位列世界第一,保障了我国粮食安全供给和社会经济发展。我国灌区建设与管理已经历了三个大的发展阶段,依靠科技进步解决了发展过程中出现的各种问题,使我国灌区建设与管理水平逐步得以提升。今后的30年将是我国实现灌区现代化的时期。本文较系统介绍了我国灌区发展概况、灌区建设与管理技术进展和成就、灌区面临的主要问题和挑战、以及灌区现代化发展展望。     

Distribution and removal of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in water supplies in Germany

This study has been conducted, to estimate the distribution of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in German water supplies and the removal efficiency of surface water treatment plants for Giardia and Cryptosporidium by conventional treatment. Water samples from six surface water treatment plants in different parts of Germany were simoultaneously examined for Giardia and Cryptosporidium. Investigations for both parasites were carried out in the period from July 1993 until December 1995. The results confirmed the occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in surface and raw water, to intermediate steps after treatment, in back wash water, in the first filtrate and in final water. Giardia or Cryptosporidium or both have been found in 76.2% of the investigated raw water sources. The average number of the detected Giardia cysts was 88.2/100 1 (max.1314/100 I), and the average number of Cryptosporidium oocysts was 116/100 I (max. 1081/1001). In the intermediate steps (including flocculation and several steps of filtration), Giardia or Cryptosporidium or both have been found in 33.3% (50/150) of the samples. 14.9% of drinking water samples (7/47) were positive for Giardia (max. 16.8 /1001) and 29.8% (14/47) were positive for Cryptosporidium (max. 20.8/100 I). Overall, Giardia and Cryptosporidium, or both were detected in 38.3% of the drinking water samples. The parasites have been found in nearly all of the investigated backwash water samples. The filtrate of a rapid sand filter was analysed immediately after filter backwashing during the ripening period of the filter. Good elimination results were obtained by optimizing relevant water treatment process, but a low flocculant dose following sudden variation in the raw water quality, causes a breakthrough of Cryptosporidium into the treated water. Although water treatment technologies are effective to remove Giardia and Cryptosporidium, the results clearly show that Giardia and Cryptosporidium evade the filter harries m the absence of visible treatment deficiencies and low turbitidy level, and contaminate final water.