基于流固耦合的垃圾污染物运移模型及模拟

基于流固耦合和溶质运移理论,建立了垃圾渗滤液有机污染物运移耦合模型,用SOM法对所建的模型进行数值求解,利用该数值模型对垃圾渗滤液在地下水中迁移行为进行模拟,预测了污染物浓度的时空分布特征,对耦合、非耦合模拟结果结合实际监测数据进行对比,并对污染晕的大小、分布范围进行了数值模拟分析.结果表明,耦合模型模拟的污染物浓度变化趋势与监测值基本吻合,从而验证了耦合模型的可靠性和实用性.     

基于流固耦合的垃圾污染物运移模型及模拟

基于流固耦合和溶质运移理论，建立了垃圾渗滤液有机污染物运移耦合模型，用SOM法对所建的模型进行数值求解，利用该数值模型对垃圾渗滤液在地下水中迁移行为进行模拟，预测了污染物浓度的时空分布特征，对耦合、非耦合模拟结果结合实际监测数据进行对比，并对污染晕的大小、分布范围进行了数值模拟分析。结果表明，耦合模型模拟的污染物浓度变化趋势与监测值基本吻合，从而验证了耦合模型的可靠性和实用性。     

煤矸石淋溶液地下迁移规律的模拟研究

煤矸石淋溶液的地下迁移严重影响了地下水水质,对人类的生命构成了威胁.本文研究了煤矸石在降水淋溶和地下水迁移条件下,污染物在地下土层和岩层内的迁移规律.通过对阜新新邱南露天矿矸石山淋溶液中主要污染物离子(Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+))迁移规律的数值模拟,得到特征截面的污染物浓度变化曲线和地下水迁移的水头压力曲线,其结果对水污染治理有一定的指导意义.     

基于和声搜索算法的地下水污染源与未知含水层参数的同步反演研究

地下水污染源反演问题和含水层参数反演问题都是典型的地下水逆问题。在未知含水层参数（渗透系数、弥散度等）等先决信息的情况下进行地下水污染源反演计算时,需要根据已有的监测数据（水位和浓度等）对地下水污染源和未知含水层参数进行同步反演。在同步反演优化问题中,决策变量包括污染源位置、强度以及待求的含水层参数。本文对同步反演模型的框架组成（包括污染物迁移模型和反演优化模型）进行分析后,在对已有的各种和声搜索改进算法进行研究的基础上结合同步反演模型提出一种改进的和声搜索算法,最后将同步反演模型和改进的和声搜索算法应用于具体的算例研究。研究表明,改进的和声搜索算法具有算法稳定高效、求解精度高等特点,能够广泛应用于复杂的地下水污染源和含水层参数反演问题。     

基于和声搜索算法的地下水污染源与未知含水层参数的同步反演研究

地下水污染源反演问题和含水层参数反演问题都是典型的地下水逆问题。在未知含水层参数(渗透系数、弥散度等)等先决信息的情况下进行地下水污染源反演计算时,需要根据已有的监测数据(水位和浓度等)对地下水污染源和未知含水层参数进行同步反演。在同步反演优化问题中,决策变量包括污染源位置、强度以及待求的含水层参数。论文首先介绍同步反演模型的框架组成(包括污染物迁移模型和反演优化模型),然后在对已有的各种和声搜索改进算法进行研究的基础上结合同步反演模型提出一种改进的和声搜索算法,最后将同步反演模型和改进的和声搜索算法应用于具体的算例研究。研究表明,改进的和声搜索算法具有算法稳定高效、求解精度高等特点,能够广泛应用于复杂的地下水污染源和含水层参数反演问题。     

基于GMS的北京西郊垃圾场地下水溶质运移模拟

地下水溶质运移模型是找出污染物迁移规律、确定污染范围及污染物浓度分布的重要手段,可以为地下水资源管理和地下水污染修复提供定量依据。以北京市西郊典型地段为研究区,利用GMS软件建立地下水溶质运移模型,在南水北调来水后,地下水开采方案改变条件下,预测了Cl-、NO23-和THD浓度场。结果表明:垃圾填埋场污染物浓度整体呈上升趋势,劣质水面积增大,需要对原有地下水开采方案进行调整,防止地下水污染范围扩大。     

渗流及地下水污染二维预测模型

在各项异性渗流模型的基础上，建立了地下水污染物质输移运动的二维数学预测模型，采用有限元法对渗流和污染物分布进行模拟，并且用解析解检验了数学模型的可靠性。对于污染物随地面降雨入渗的二维非恒定问题，计算结果与已有文献进行比较，证明了数值模拟的可信度。进一步实际模拟在非均匀介质情况下的污染物随地下水输移过程，分析了介质的透水特性对污染物浓度的影响。     

纳污河补排关系变化时污染物迁移规律研究

多环芳烃是危害较大的一种水体污染物,以菲为特征污染物,利用纳污河流和地下水系统模拟装置,对其在河流与地下水补排关系变化时的迁移过程进行了研究,以探索纳污河流与地下水间多环芳烃的迁移变化规律。采用Sufer软件分析了菲在地层中的迁移变化情况,并计算了其迁移速度,结果表明:模拟纳污河水补给地下水时,菲迁移速度缓慢,污染物扩散范围小,水平迁移速度为1.33 cm/d;模拟清洁地下水向河流排泄时,菲的水平迁移速度为1.67 cm/d,并在河流附近发生了短暂富集。     

基于多单元均衡法的地下水流与水质联合数值研究

针对地下渗流与污染物迁移数值模拟中计算程序复杂、效率偏低等不足,开展了地下水流与水质联合数值研究。首先基于多单元均衡法,建立了渗流与污染物迁移的联合模型,采用Matlab语言编制了联合程序,使之能够求解单一地下水渗流、初始流场稳定的地下水污染和初始流场不稳定的地下水污染等多种情况。然后计算了一维对流弥散问题,并与多种计算方法进行对比分析。最后对某地地下水污染物的扩散分布进行了模拟。结果表明:通过控制自定义特征数,实现了对不同水文地质特征问题的求解;采用上游加权法解决大Peclet数污染物迁移问题时,并无明显数值弥散现象,又能抑制数值解的振动;本程序具有较高的计算效率,并能够显著提高后处理的可视化程度。     

甘肃格宏道金矿尾矿库污染物运移规律

尾矿库污染物运移问题对尾矿库周边地下水安全有重要的影响,因此准确地掌握尾矿库渗流及污染物运移规律,对保护矿区的地下水安全具有重大的意义。根据渗流理论以及河谷区坡度大、地形高差大、含水层倾斜的实际情况,建立以水平多层剖分方式的尾矿库水文地质概化模型,运用Visual Modflow中MT3DMS模块对研究区氨氮在地下水中的运移规律进行模拟分析。结果表明:氨氮在地下水中的运移方向与地下水水流方向基本一致,氨氮浓度随着迁移距离的增大而减小。     

Identification of Groundwater Contamination Sources Using Meshfree RPCM Simulation and Particle Swarm Optimization

In this study, a simulation-optimization (SO) model is presented by coupling a meshfree based simulator using radial point collocation method (RPCM) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) as optimizer to identify the unknown groundwater contaminant sources from the measured/simulated contaminant concentration data in the aquifer. To demonstrate the approach, two case studies have been presented. The first example is a hypothetical case which simulates the contaminant releases from several disposal sites in an aquifer during four years release period. The second case considered is a field study where leaching of contaminant, during their storage, from disposal sites at several locations in the aquifer leads to contamination of the groundwater. The goal in both cases was to reconstruct the contaminant release history from the disposal sites and their magnitudes from the given historical concentration data at a few observation wells in the aquifer. It was observed that the source identification model could reconstruct the release histories from the waste disposal sites in both the cases accurately. This study demonstrated that PSO based optimization model with a meshfree flow and transport simulator can be effectively used for groundwater contaminant source identification problems.     

参数随机模拟在地下水溶质运移数值模拟中的应用

从水文地质参数的随机性出发,以我国南方某大型铀尾矿库为例,采用GMS软件(地下水模拟系统)建立了参数随机模拟的数值模型,分析了渗透系数的空间变异性对地下水溶质运移的影响.结果表明:渗透系数的空间变异性对地下水溶质运移结果有较大的影响.在其它条件都相同的情况下,随着渗透系数标准差的增大,污染物运移的范围扩大,污染物浓度标准差等值线图变得越来越不规则,污染物质心位置偏离面源中心.     

基于数值模拟的傍河水源地潜在污染水力调控优化技术

傍河饮用水源地污染控制技术是我国环境保护与饮水安全领域的研究热点。选取松花江流域佳木斯七水源大型水源地为研究区,综合分析其水文地质条件,应用数值模拟方法拟合研究区水动力学场及水化学场。在此基础上运用MGO模块的模型基础,采用全局寻优算法——遗传算法,分析不同抽水量及井位对七水源-废醪池污染羽进行水力调控的效果,得出最优井位及抽水量。同时通过分析清除污染源和未清除污染源情况下,不同观测井中污染物浓度的变化趋势,探讨了水力调控优化控制技术对傍河水源地污染控制的有效性,为傍河水源地的安全供水提供技术保障。     

Reconstructing the release history of a groundwater contaminant based on AT123D

The reconstruction of the source release history for groundwater contamination provides useful environmental forensic information in identifying the responsible parties for a contaminant plume at a known source location if its owner changed several times in the past. The objective of this study is to develop a novel method consisting of function-fitting technique, simulated annealing, and a fundamental solution of the contaminant transport equation given in AT123D (Yeh, 1981) to recover the source release history of a groundwater contamination. AT123D is an analytical model for simulating transient, one-, two-, and three-dimensional groundwater contaminant transport in aquifer systems. The method developed herein is for recovering the release history of a continuous and finite release duration source and therefore can handle a great variety of realistic problems. Cases with various types of source geometry and aquifer configuration are considered. The influence of contaminant biodegradation, degree of dispersion, location of monitoring well, use of temporal concentration data or spatial concentration data, and presence of two contaminated sources are also investigated. Finally, a few guidelines for the optimal sampling strategy on the reconstruction of the source release history are recommended.     

某市岩溶地下水四氯化碳污染动态演化及分析

根据某市南郊岩溶地下水水源地2000年受到四氯化碳污染的监测资料,分析了污染羽动态特征,指出距污染源农药厂较近的农药厂井中四氯化碳浓度为各区最高,是南区污染重心,北区果园井污染较中间过渡区严重,成为北区的污染重心,污染羽呈"哑铃型"。经治理,各监测点四氯化碳浓度均呈下降趋势,至2005年4月污染已基本消失。通过此过程,分析研究区四氯化碳浓度随时空变化的控制因素。结果表明,该市地下水四氯化碳污染动态变化主要受污染源输入、降雨、人工开采等因素的影响。     

多目标约束下给水管网水质传感器选址优化算法的研究

利用EPANET2模拟扩展周期非稳态水力水质条件下管网节点污染物浓度变化,根据各个节点被注入污染物后,在管网模拟结束时得到的选址目标值的大小来确定节点有可能作为污染物注入的节点,目标值越大,该节点被选择的可能性越大.另外,本文提出了基本粒子群算法与遗传算法交叉、变异算子相结合的整数编码的优化算法来求解水质传感器选址问题,并编制了相应的计算程序.文中结合算例,以经过归一化后的节点平均坐标作为衡量选址结果的指标,得到了不同污染物注入开始时刻、注入持续时问和质量注入速率条件下传感器选址节点平均坐标的累计分布函数图,为传感器的选址提供参考.     

Conjunctive Management of Large-Scale Pressurized Water Distribution and Groundwater Systems in Semi-Arid Area with Parallel Genetic Algorithm

This study develops a production well management model for the conjunctive management of water resources in semi-arid areas. The management model integrates a large-scale pressurized water distribution system and a three-dimensional groundwater model under an optimization framework. The well pump operations optimization problem is formulated as a Boolean integer nonlinear programming (BINLP) problem to optimize the periodic 24-h pump on/off operations over a 1-week operation horizon. The management model considers multiple objectives and is solved by a parallel genetic algorithm (PGA) to overcome the difficulty of solving the BINLP problem. The PGA significantly reduces computation time for a case study in Chandler, Arizona. The Chandler water distribution model is built based on EPANET, and the Chandler three-dimension groundwater model is developed using MODFLOW. The high performance computing (HPC) of the genetic algorithm makes it possible to obtain 24-h real-time operations in the 7-day forecast model. The tank reliability, resilience, and vulnerability (R-R-V) are evaluated to infer the system reliability. The Pareto curve provides compromise solutions between the two competing objectives of energy reduction and pressure violation reduction.     

Development of an Improved Pollution Source Identification Model Using Numerical and ANN Based Simulation-Optimization Model

The identification of unknown pollution sources is an important and challenging task for the engineers working on pollution management of a groundwater aquifer. The locations and transient magnitude of unknown contaminant sources can be identified using inverse optimization technique. In this approach, the absolute difference between the simulated and the observed contaminant concentration at the observation locations of the aquifer is minimized by using an optimization algorithm. The simulated concentrations is calculated using the aquifer simulation model. As such, there is a need to incorporate the aquifer simulation model with the optimization model. Thus the performance of the model is highly related to the aquifer simulation model. The incorporation of the sophisticated numerical simulation model will give better performance, but the model will be computationally expensive. On the other hand, the model will be computationally less expensive if an approximate simulation model is used in place of the numerical simulation model. However, in this case, the predictive performance of the model will decline. For achieving efficiency in both computational time as well as in predicting the performance, this study presents a new genetic algorithms based simulation-optimization method incorporating both the numerical and the approximate simulation models. The efficiency and field applicability of the model is demonstrated using illustrative study areas. The performance evaluation of the model shows that the proposed model has the potential for real-world field applications.