NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TRANSIENT FLOW AROUND A SHIP IN UNSTEADY BERTHING MOTION

Ship berthing is a specific maneuver operation. The flow around a berthing ship and the forces acting on the hull are quite different from those for a ship in normal navigation. By solving the unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, the transient flow field around a ship undergoing unsteady lateral motion is simulated and the varying lateral hydrodynamic force acting on the hull is evaluated in this article. The numerical results obtained with different turbulence models are analyzed and compared with experimental results and other numerical results published in literature, and a turbulence model more suitable for simulation of the viscous flow around a ship undergoing unsteady berthing is determined.     

Appropriate CFD Models for Simulating Flow around Spur Dike Group along Urban Riverways

The flow field around spur dike group is complex, noticeable, and widely encountered in the improving progress of urban riverways and coastlines. Detailed investigation on such flow phenomenon is necessary and of applied significance. In contrast to experimental study and field survey, the numerical simulation can provide much more details with relative low cost. Aiming to identify the appropriate Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models for simulating flow around spur dike group, the flow fields around non-submerged and submerged spur dike groups, including eight spur dikes in staggered arrangement, were numerically investigated in this paper with selected CFD models and validated based on corresponding flume test, i.e., two sets of laboratory experiments and observed data collected. The numerical simulations were carried out using Finite Volume Method (FVM) and three turbulence models, i.e., standard k-ε model, Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model. In each model, the free surface boundary was implemented respectively via two approaches, i.e., rigid-lid assumption (RLA) and volume of fluid (VOF) method. The comparisons between the CFD outputs and the observed data from flume experiments show that all three turbulence models are capable to simulate the three-dimensional flow around spur dike group to certain degree. It is noticed that, with comprehensive understanding of simulation accuracy and computational time, aiming to rapidly capture the field characteristics of main flow for non-submerged spur dike group, the standard k-ε model under RLA method is recommended, while to achieve the fine simulation of spur dike field especially in backflow zone, LES model under VOF method is appropriate. For submerged spur dike group, comparing to simulation accuracy, simulation cost is not a major factor concerned and LES model based on VOF method is the most suitable one due to the overflow effect of spur dike crest and the backwater effect of spur dike body.     

Flow and transport simulation of Madeira River using three depth-averaged two-equation turbulence closure models

This paper describes a numerical simulation in the Amazon water system, aiming to develop a quasi-three-dimensional numerical tool for refined modeling of turbulent flow and passive transport of mass in natural waters. Three depth-averaged two-equation turbulence closure models, , , and , were used to close the non-simplified quasi-three-dimensional hydrodynamic fundamental governing equations. The discretized equations were solved with the advanced multi-grid iterative method using non-orthogonal body-fitted coarse and fine grids with collocated variable arrangement. Except for steady flow computation, the processes of contaminant inpouring and plume development at the beginning of discharge, caused by a side-discharge of a tributary, have also been numerically investigated. The three depth-averaged two-equation closure models are all suitable for modeling strong mixing turbulence. The newly established turbulence models such as the model, with a higher order of magnitude of the turbulence parameter, provide a possibility for improving computational precision.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE ENERGY DISSIPATION CHARACTERISTICS IN STILLING BASIN OF MULTI-HORIZONTAL SUBMERGED JETS

3-D numerical simulation was carried out for the water flow in a stilling basin with multi-horizontal submerged jets by using two different turbulence models, namely, the VOF RNG k - ? and Mixture RNG k - ? turbulence models. The calculated water depth, velocity profile and pressure distribution are in good agreement with the data obtained in experiments. It indicates that the numerical simulation can effectively be used to study the water flow movement and the energy dissipation mechanism. The numerical simulation results show that the turbulent kinetic energy distribution obtained by using the Mixture turbulence model covers a region about 18% larger than that calculated by using the VOF turbulence model, and is in better agreement with the actual situation. Furthermore, the Mixture turbulence model is better than the VOF turbulence model in calculating the air entrainment.     

Numerical research on flow and thermal transport in cooling pool of electrical power station using three depth-averaged turbulence models

This paper describes a numerical simulation of thermal discharge in the cooling pool of an electrical power station, aiming to develop general-purpose computational programs for grid generation and flow/pollutant transport in the complex domains of natural and artificial waterways. Three depth-averaged two-equation closure turbulence models, k - ε , k - w , and k - ω , were used to close the quasi three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. The k -ω model was recently established by the authors and is still in th...     

基于WMLES方法的复式断面明渠三维紊流数值模拟

针对基于雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方程的数值模型在精确模拟复式断面明渠三维水流结构方面存在困难和传统大涡模拟(LES)方法计算成本相对较高的问题,采用壁面建模的大涡模拟(WMLES)方法建立三维数值模型,对水深比(滩地水深与主槽水深之比)为0.5的复式断面明渠水流结构进行模拟计算。数值模拟计算结果与已有试验测量结果和LES模拟结果的对比表明,WMLES方法能够准确地模拟时均速度、床面切应力、紊动强度、紊动能、雷诺应力分布、二次漩涡结构,该方法在复式断面明渠水流三维模拟中是可靠的;在保证计算精度的前提下,与传统LES方法相比,采用WMLES方法能够显著降低计算成本。     

LARGE-EDDY AND DETACHED-EDDY SIMULATIONS OF THE SEPARATED FLOW AROUND A CIRCULAR CYLINDER

The separated turbulent flow around a circular cylinder is investigated using Large-Eddy Simulation (LES), Detached-Eddy Simulation (DES, or hybrid RANS/LES methods), and Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS). The purpose of this study is to examine some typical simulation approaches for the prediction of complex separated turbulent flow and to clarify the capability of applying these approaches to a typical case of the separated turbulent flow around a circular cylinder. Several turbulence models, i.e. dynamic Sub-grid Scale (SGS) model in LES, the DES-based Spalart-Allmaras (S-A) and k ? ω Shear-Stress-Transport (SST) models in DES, and the S-A and SST models in URANS, are used in the calculations. Some typical results, e.g., the mean pressure and drag coefficients, velocity profiles, Strouhal number, and Reynolds stresses, are obtained and compared with previous computational and experimental data. Based on our extensive calculations, we assess the capability and performance of these simulation approaches coupled with the relevant turbulence models to predict the separated turbulent flow.     

辐流式沉淀池液固两相流力学特性三维数值模拟

采用两相流混合模型,选取RNG k-ε湍流模型封闭两相流时均方程,对辐流式二次沉淀池液固两相流力学特性进行三维数值模拟。采用有限体积法求解微分方程;紊动能、紊流耗散均采用Quick离散格式;速度与压力耦合求解时使用了压力隐式算子分裂PISO(Pressure-Implicit with Splitting of Operators)算法。通过模拟获得了速度场、紊动能和污泥质量浓度等参量在空间的分布规律,对沉淀池的设计有一定的参考价值。     

On the numerical simulations of vortical cavitating flows around various hydrofoils

This paper reviews the numerical models of various cavitating flows around hydrofoils. Numerical models relating to cavitation flows, including mass transfer models and turbulence models, are summarized at first. Then numerical results and analysis of flow characteristics for the cavitating flows around twisted hydrofoils, truncated hydrofoil and tip leakage are discussed respectively. For mean flow fields, Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) simulation associated with a kind of nonlinear turbulence model is found to be an economic and robust numerical approach for different kinds of cavitating flows including cloud cavitation, tip cavitation and tip leakage cavitation. To predict the fluctuations of pressure and velocity, large eddy simulation(LES) and detached eddy simulation(DES) are two effective approaches. Finally, a few open questions are proposed for future research.     

水轮机内部湍流计算方法研究

概述了水轮机内部流动计算近几十年的发展历史与研究现状,介绍了水轮机内部三维流动计算的控制方程及其解法以及常用商业软件,总结了湍流的数值计算方法,重点讨论了湍流模型理论,并指出水轮机内部湍流计算正朝着全三维、小尺度、瞬时化处理发展。     

Flow over embankment gabion weirs in free flow conditions

In this study, a series of laboratory tests were performed to investigate the effects of side ramp slope, crest length, and porous media properties on the flow regimes, water-surface profiles, discharge coefficients, and energy dissipation in embankment gabion weirs with upstream and downstream slopes. 24 physical models of solid and gabion weirs with three different upstream/downstream slopes (90°, 45° and 26.5°) were created. To investigate the complexity of flow over the porous-fluid interface and through the porous material, three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations were developed. In numerical simulation, the standard k-ε turbulence model was utilized. A structured mesh domain was used to simulate the physical model. Water surface profiles above the porous weirs were used for comparison between the numerical simulations and measured data. These comparisons helped determine variables in the numerical simulations. Numerical simulation enables visualization of streamlines around and through the gabion weirs. In addition, mean stream wise velocity profiles above and within the porous structures were obtained. Numerical simulations showed that a reduction in the slope of the upstream face leads to an increased curvature of streamlines and the velocity distribution exhibits a non-uniform wavy shape due to the geometrical properties of the weirs. As the velocity profiles move downstream, the velocity distribution within the porous structures were more affected by the presence of the pores. The experimental results show that decreasing upstream slopes, from 90° to 26.5°, leads to decreased discharge coefficients. However, in all cases, gabion weirs lead to greater discharge coefficients than those of similar solid weirs. For milder side slopes, discharge ratios (flow passing through all faces of the gabion weirs over the inlet discharge) decreased nonlinearly. Moreover, with increasing the inlet discharge, relative energy dissipation was reduced up to 45% in gabion weirs.     

一种新的高精度的溃坝水流数值模型

溃坝问题，严格来讲，是一种不连续洪水波问题．传统的水流数值模型都是建立在数值求解圣维南方程组基础上的，而该方程组的基本假定就是水流必须具有连续性，所以，以圣维南方程为基本控制方程的水流数值模型应用于溃坝问题的计算是非常牵强的．提出一种新的以描述分子运动的BGK波尔兹曼方程为基础的水流数值模拟方法，这种方法没有水流连续性假定，计算表明，这种数值模型能够精确、稳定地模拟溃坝波问题。     

船舶螺旋桨周围粘流场数值预报与流场分析

本文叙述了通过直接求解雷诺平均应力方程（ＲＡＮＳ）来获得船舶螺旋桨粘流场数值解的方法与数值求解步骤，该方法采用非交错网格系统，利用幂函数格式离散动量方程，预报－校正方法求解速度－压力耦合问题，应用Ｂａｌｄｗｉｎ－Ｌｏｍａｘ代数湍流模式求解雷诺应力项使方程组封闭，以此来获得螺旋桨粘流场，为了验证数值方法的稳定性和可靠性，文中以ＤＴＲＣ４１１９桨为算例，对螺旋桨粘流场进行了数值求解，通过对计算结果的分     

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Flow Over Ogee Spillway

Ogee type spillway is one of the most preferred sluice types due to its functional suitability and high safety factor. It is used for controlling the flow rates and water levels in reservoirs, such as lowering the water level in emergency situations, maintaining normal river functions and discharging excess water. The main aim of this study is to investigate the flow over ogee type spillway by performing experiments in an open channel flume in the laboratory and simulating with numerical model. The numerical model having the same dimensions with the physical model is modeled with two different programs of ANSYS-Fluent and OpenFOAM. The flow depths of the models were measured at four points, H₁, H₂, H₃, H₄. In the numerical analysis, two different turbulence models, K-ε and K-ω SST turbulence model were used in order to investigate the accuracy of the turbulence models in the open channel. According to the results, R² values, obtained from ANSYS- Fluent for the each measurement points where H₁, H₂, H₃, H₄, are 0.9776, 0.9859, 0.9701, 0.9916 and obtained from OpenFOAM for the each measurement points 0.9920, 0.9687, 0.9855, 0.9926 respectively. The findings show that the numerical tools have been sufficiently developed to simulate flow depths and water surface profiles.

     

某二维水翼空化数值模型对比

以二维水翼计算模型为研究对象,采用数值模拟的方法,通过不同的空化模型和湍流模型对计算模型进行数值模拟研究,得到了翼型在空化过程中空泡的运动规律。结果表明:该翼型在不同空化模型下,发生空化时,空化过程包含了空泡的产生、发展、脱落和溃灭几个过程,空化的运动过程总具有明显的周期性;Schnerr-Sauer模型的计算结果与实际的水翼空化流动过程相吻合,Schnerr-Sauer空化模型可以很好地模拟绕水翼的空化流动过程。     

Numerical simulation of turbulent flow around a forced moving circular cylinder on cut cells

Fixed and forced moving circular cylinders in turbulent flows are studied by using the Large Eddy Simulation （LES） and two-equation based Detached Eddy Simulation （DES） turbulence models. The Cartesian cut cell approach is adopted to track the body surface across a stationary background grid covering the whole computational domain. A cell-centered finite volume method of second-order accuracy in both time and space is developed to solve the flow field in fluid cells, which is also modified accordingly in cut cells and merged cells. In order to compare different turbulence models, the current flow past a fixed circular cylinder at a moderate Reynolds number, Re = 3 900, is tested first. The model is also applied to the simulation of a forced oscillating circular cylinder in the turbulent flow, and the influences of different oscillation amplitudes, frequencies and free stream velocities are discussed. The numerical results indicate that the present numerical model based on the Cartesian cut cell approach is capable of solving the turbulent flow around a body undergoing motions, which is a foundation for the possible future study on wake induced oscillation and vortex induced vibration.     

LARGE EDDY SIMULATION FOR PLUNGING BREAKER WAVE

1 .　INTRODUCTIONInthenear shoreregion ,aswavespropagateintoshallowwater ,theprocessofshoalingleadstotheincreaseofwaveheight ,however ,thisprocesscannotcontinue ,andatacertain positionthewavebreaks .Inpractice ,breakingwavesarepow erfulagentsforgeneratingturbulence ,whichplaysanimportantroleinmostofthefluiddynamicalprocessesthroughoutthesurfzone ,suchaswavetransformation ,generationofnear shorecurrent ,diffusionofmaterials ,andsedimenttransporta tion .Manynumericalstudieshavebeenconductedt…     

三方柱绕流的大涡模拟及频谱分析

高雷诺数条件下,无论来流是均匀还是非均匀,多方柱绕流情况下方柱受力及尾流的相互干扰都是相当复杂的.为了研究方柱受力及下游尾流的相互干扰,基于大涡模拟紊流模型对后品字等边布置的三方柱绕流进行了数值模拟,数值模拟结果表明,上游两个方柱的阻力系数要明显小于下游方柱,而上游两方柱升力系数远大于下游方柱,且下游方柱的升力系数基本...     

Oil-Water Two-Phase Flow Inside T-Junction

The oil / water two-phase flow inside T-junctions was numerically simulated with a 3-D two-fluid model, and the turbulence was described using the mixture k- ε model. Some experiments of oil / water flow inside a single T-junction were conducted in the laboratory. The results show that the separating performance of T-junction largely depends on the inlet volumetric fraction and flow patterns. A reasonable agreement is reached between the numerical simulation and the experiments for both the oil fraction distribution and the separation efficiency.     

Numerical and experimental turbulence studies on shallow open channel flows

The standard shallow water equations (SWEs) model has been proven to be insufficient to consider the flow turbulence due to its simplified Reynolds-averaged form. In this study, the k-ε model was used to improve the ability of the SWEs model to capture the flow turbulence. In terms of the numerical source terms modelling, the combined SWEs k-ε model was improved by a recently proposed surface gradient upwind method (SGUM) to facilitate the extra turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) source terms in the simulation. The laboratory experiments on both the smooth and rough bed flows were also conducted under the uniform and non-uniform flow conditions for the validation of the proposed numerical model. The numerical simulations were compared with the measured data in the flow velocity, TKE and power spectrum. In the power spectrum comparisons, a well-studied Kolmogorov's rule was also employed to complement both the numerical and experimental results and to demonstrate that the energy cascade trend was well-held in the investigated flows.