混凝土温度特性参数的反演分析

对不同养护温度条件下的混凝土绝热温升进行了研究，用化学反应速率描述时间和温度对混凝土绝热温升的影响，用反演分析中的最小二乘法回归分析实验数据，探讨了化学反应速率与养护温度之间的关系及用等效时间表示的混凝土绝热温升公式。     

龙滩碾压混凝土坝的温度应力仿真研究

用化学反应速率描述温度对混凝土绝热温升的影响,求解基于等效时间的非线性热传导方程,对龙滩水电站碾压混凝土坝的温度场和徐变应力场进行了仿真计算.研究表明,对于夏季和冬季浇筑的混凝土,采用基于等效时间的混凝土绝热温升理论和传统理论的计算结果有较大差异.     

洺河渡槽施工期温度应力仿真研究

用化学反应速率描述温度对混凝土绝热温升的影响,求解基于等效时间的非线性热传导方程,对南水北调工程 洺河渡槽施工期温度场和徐变应力场进行了仿真计算。研究表明,对于夏季和冬季浇筑的混凝土,采用基于等效时间的混凝土绝热温升理论和传统理论的计算结果有较大差异。     

大型渡槽温度应力仿真研究

用化学反应速率描述温度对混凝土绝热温升的影响,求解基于等效时间的非线性热传导方程,对南水北调工程某渡槽施工期温度场和徐变应力场进行了仿真计算.研究表明,对于夏季和冬季浇筑的混凝土,采用基于等效时间的混凝土绝热温升理论和传统理论的计算结果有较大差异.     

沼河渡槽施工期温度应力仿真研究

用化学反应速率描述温度对混凝土绝热温升的影响，求解基于等效时间的非线性热传导方程，对南水北调工程沼河渡槽施工期温度场和徐变应力场进行了仿真计算。研究表明，对于夏季和冬季浇筑的混凝土，采用基于等效时间的混凝土绝热温升理论和传统理论的计算结果有较大差异。     

基于等效时间的非线性热传导方程及其工程应用

用化学反应速率描述浇筑温度对混凝土绝热温升的影响,研究混凝土连续墙模型在不同浇筑温度和不同边界(热交换边界和绝热边界)条件下中心点的温升过程.应用基于等效时间的非线性热传导方程,对龙滩碾压混凝土重力坝温度场进行仿真分析,并与传统理论计算结果比较.研究表明:(1)浇筑温度对混凝土最高温升和绝热温升过程有显著影响;(2)采用等效时间理论的温度计算结果比传统理论结果平均增加6.7%;(3)坝体浇筑时的外界气温影响坝体内部最高温度场,夏季浇筑混凝土须采取适当的温控措施.     

混凝土早期热-力学模型及工程应用

考虑混凝土早期强度的本构关系,结合化学反应速率描述温度对混凝土绝热温升方程的影响,对大体积混凝土结构早期的温度场和应力场进行研究。温度场的求解基于等效时间的非线性热传导方程,应力场求解考虑混凝土初期徐变影响。结合苏州轨道交通地下车站工程实例,对大体积混凝土施工期和运行期温度场和应力场进行仿真计算。结果表明,夏季开始浇筑的车站主体结构必须采取适当的温控措施,以保证大体积混凝土不产生温度裂缝。     

多因素影响下混凝土绝热温升计算模型研究

混凝土绝热温升与混凝土的龄期、水胶比、粉煤灰掺量和温度等多种因素有关,目前缺乏综合考虑这些影响因素的混凝土绝热温升计算模型。通过对不同水胶比、粉煤灰掺量和入模温度条件下的混凝土开展绝热温升试验,分析了诸因素对混凝土绝热温升和温升速率的影响,提出了新的计算模型,并确定了特征参数及验证了模型的准确性。结果表明,新模型能采用统一的函数来描述不同配合比和温度历程下的混凝土绝热温升过程,且与混凝土绝热温升试验的实测数据吻合较好,可以较精确地预测混凝土结构温度变化,具有一定的实用价值。     

基于等效时间的早期混凝土温度裂缝分析

基于等效时间的混凝土绝热温升、热传导方程，考虑温度对早期混凝土水化热化学反应速率和徐变特性的影响，计算了大体积混凝土墙中心的温升。采用裂缝带模型计算温度裂缝，用半解析迭代法进行了混凝土墙的温度应力和开裂计算。     

恒温和拟绝热条件下高性能混凝土自收缩特性

通过试验研究考察了恒温和拟绝热养护条件下,3种不同水灰比的高性能混凝土的自收缩和抗压强度特性。结果表明,不同水灰比混凝土的自收缩应变值、发展速率随着水灰比的下降而增大;水灰比相同时,拟绝热养护条件下高性能混凝土自收缩值远大于恒温养护的情况,且随着水灰比的提高,该效应越明显;在拟绝热养护条件下产生的过大的温度应变值对自收缩应变造成显著的影响。拟绝热养护条件对高性能混凝土抗压强度的发展具有促进作用。     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

库水波动下库岸边坡地下水浸润线解析解及误差分析

解析法是库岸边坡地下水浸润线计算中便于实际应用的方法,但该方法须基于若干假定并对潜水运动基本方程线性化后才能求解。针对各假定和线性化过程建立不同的地下水渗流数学模型,用解析法和有限元法解答上述数学模型,分析各误差大小及其规律。结果表明：库岸垂直处理带来的误差要小于方程线性化处理和不考虑非饱和渗流带来的误差,而且它们都随渗透系数变大而减小;在三峡库区库水调度情况下,假定库水位等速变化带来的误差对大多岸坡而言可以忽略;计算库岸边坡地下水浸润线时,解析法只适用于水位变化幅度相比含水层厚度较小,且几何边界规则、岩土结构简单、岩土体渗透性较好时的情况。     

Changes in Summer Irrigated Crop Area and Water Use in Southeastern Turkey from 1993 to 2002: Implications for Current and Future Water Resources

Changes in summer irrigated cropland acreage and related water use are estimated from satellite remote sensing and ancillary data in semi-arid Southeastern Turkey where traditionally dry agricultural lands are being rapidly transformed into irrigated fields with the help of water from the Euphrates-Tigris Rivers. An image classification methodology based on thresholding of Landsat NDVI images from the peak summer period reveals that the total area of summer irrigated crops has increased three-fold (from 35,000 ha to over 100,000) in the Harran Plain between 1993 and 2002. Coupled analysis of annual irrigated crop area from remote sensing and potential evapotranspiration based estimates of irrigation water requirements for cotton indicate a corresponding increase in agricultural water use from about 370 million cubic meters to over one billion cubic meters, a volume in accordance with the state estimates. These estimates have important implications for understanding the rapid changes in current agricultural withdrawals in Southeastern Turkey and form a quantitative basis for exploring the changes in future water demands in the region. For example, expansion of irrigated lands have led to a steady decrease in potential evaporation due to increased roughness and decreased humidity deficit in the Harran Plain. Assuming that the changes in future evaporation conditions will be of similar nature, water use for irrigation is expected to decrease over 40 percent in future irrigation sites. Incorporating this decrease in overall planning of the irrigation projects currently under construction should lead to improved management, and by extension, sustainability of water resources in the region.     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY VARIABILITY IN AQUATIC HABITATS OF A CULTIVATED FLOODPLAIN

The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L^?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L^?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L^?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Site modelling methods for detecting hydrologic alteration of flood frequency and flood duration in the floodplain below the carlyle dam,lower Kaskaskia River,Illinois, USA

Reports concerning the influence of dams on river hydrology vary among researchers, interest groups and government agencies. These often contradicting statements may occur because changes in hydrology caused by dams are distinct for each dam and river watershed. The objective of this research was to use site specific techniques to determine if the 1967 installation of the Carlyle Dam, lower Kaskaskia River, Illinois, altered flood frequency and duration within the forested floodplain located below the dam. Results indicated a decrease in flood duration and frequency, and a decrease in annual flood frequency variation at a site 6.4 km below the dam. Pre‐dam versus post‐dam differences in flood frequency and duration at the site 32.2 km below the dam were related to climate rather than dam effects. Although dam impacts are a concern, this research shows that distance downstream from the dam and downstream tributary and watershed characteristics should be considered before assuming that the dam has changed hydrologic parameters for portions of rivers. This research also indicates that areas of the lower Kaskaskia River may still maintain hydrologic ecological integrity, and could be targeted for restoration and adaptive management purposes. Hydrologic modelling combined with river gage and on‐site well measurement techniques presented in this study could provide detailed flood frequency and duration information for land use, sociological and geomorphological questions in focus areas within river floodplains. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅谈优化Vray渲染在制作三维场景的应用研究

用Vray三维渲染引擎来渲染三维场景,其质量和速度是由一些影响因素和参数设置决定的,不同的参数和因素,可以得出不同的三维渲染效果.因此,分析、优化三维渲染质量和速度的影响因素,正确、合理的选择参数对提高Vray最后渲染阶段的质量和速度非常重要.     

固结、渗流和沉积控制方程研究

本文从两相流体动力学的守恒方程出发，考虑固相、液相的相对运动，推导了可以考虑场的不均匀性和流体压缩性的统一形式的控制方程，并对方程所基于的物理概念和相互联系进行了必要的分析。通过对方程适当形式的表达，可导出用于大、小变形固结、渗流和沉积的简化方程，显示了在不同领域的三个理论存在一定的统一性。方程推导过程并未对本构关系加以限制，适用范围较广。依据实际问题的要求，作了不同形式的简化。     

四川省及重庆市中型水电站效益分析

该文分析了四川省及重庆市几座中型水电站的调查材料表明：四川省及重庆市中型水电站不仅在川渝主网和地方电网中起着很大的作用，并具有巨大的社会效益，同时还有综合利用效益，说明修建中型水电站的优越性．     

掺MgO混凝土的宏细观试验研究

利用MgO膨胀剂的延迟微膨胀效应能显著提高大体积混凝土的力学性能,产生的预压应力还能有效提高大体积混凝土抵抗温度开裂的能力,但目前对其微观机理研究不多。采用宏观与微观相结合的方式,研究了不同活性指数、不同掺量的MgO混凝土的力学性能,利用SEM/EDS微观分析手段揭示了MgO对混凝土性能影响的作用机理。试验结果表明：MgO取代部分水泥掺入混凝土中,混凝土的力学性能降低;掺量为4%~5%时,活性指数为100s的MgO混凝土的膨胀率大于活性指数为50 s的MgO混凝土;MgO混凝土的膨胀特性与Ca,Si,Mg,Al等元素的分布情况有关,掺入的MgO将改变界面区Ca,Si,Mg元素的富集特性,Ca元素和Mg元素更易于在界面区富集,导致混凝土宏观力学性能的降低。     

Statistical tools for thermal regime characterization at segment river scale: Case study of the Ste‐Marguerite River

Suitable thermal fish habitats are constrained by both maximum and minimum temperature tolerances. A multivariate and geostatistical approach was developed to estimate stream thermal characteristics at the river segment scale. Data from 22 temperature‐monitoring stations during summer 2007 were used to estimate monthly maximum temperature as well as thermal characteristics such as the number of events, the cumulative degree–days and the associated duration over specific temperature thresholds of 19 and 21°C. The probability of exceeding these temperature thresholds has also been interpolated. The methodology relies on the construction of a multivariate space using physiographic and hydrological characteristics of gauging stations as inputs in a canonical correlation analysis (CCA). A geostatistical interpolation technique, ordinary kriging, was subsequently used to perform interpolation in the physiographical space constructed using CCA. Results from this study were obtained for thermal characteristics estimated into two different interpolation spaces: (1) a 7 metrics space, and (2) an 8 metrics space. Cross‐validation technique has been performed and satisfactory results were obtained. Kriging thermal characteristics (magnitude and duration) into the 7 metric space for a 19°C threshold exceedance leads to best results with Relative Root Mean Square Error (RRMSE) ranging between 9.66 and 15.08%. The study shows that kriging in a multivariate space is a promising tool for water resources managers, especially in cases where risk mapping for lethal or sub‐lethal temperature thresholds may be required for a specific fish species. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.