分流叶片对离心泵内部固液两相流的影响

为了研究分流叶片对离心泵内部固液两相流的影响,建立固液两相流模型,对无分流叶片离心泵和3种带分流叶片的离心泵进行全流道非定常数值模拟。重点分析了添加分流叶片对离心泵外特性、叶片表面压力脉动、叶片表面颗粒体积分数分布、叶片表面颗粒滑移速度的影响。分析结果表明:添加分流叶片以后,离心泵的扬程和效率均有显著的提高,叶片表面的颗粒分布更加均匀,叶片表面颗粒的滑移速度有不同程度的下降,使颗粒对叶片表面的磨损程度得以降低;当分流叶片的进口直径为0.65D2时,叶片出水边处的压力脉动幅值最小,减小了离心泵在运行过程中的振动和噪声。     

基于CFX的中比转速离心泵的性能特性预测

以一给定参数的具有扭曲叶片的中比转速离心泵为研究对象,对其进行水力设计。使用UG NX6.0软件对其三维建模,将由UG导出的parosolid格式的三维流体域模型导入到CFX的网格划分工具ICEM CFD中进行网格划分,采用ANSYS CFX12.1软件对其内部流场进行数值模拟及性能预测,得出离心泵在设计工况及几个典型的非设计工况点的扬程、轴功率等反映离心泵外特性的数值计算结果。该泵流量-扬程、流量-效率曲线符合离心泵的一般规律,可为设计人员提供重要的优化及设计参考。     

双吸离心泵泵站压力脉动与振动特性现场试验研究

双吸离心泵运行时,动静干涉会引起特定压力脉动,其频率为叶轮转频与叶片数相乘,即叶频。前期研究表明叶频压力脉动主要产生于压水室的隔舌区域,是引起水泵机组和泵房振动的重要激振源。为了揭示双吸离心泵系统压力脉动和振动特性的关系,开展了泵站压力脉动和振动特性的现场试验。通过在泵基础、出水管和泵房楼板位置布置振动传感器,同步测量了泵出口阀门不同开度下和泵启动开阀过程中的振动信号,借助时频分析方法开展了泵房振动信号的溯源分析。分析结果表明:在稳态工况中,水泵压力脉动和振动的相干性主要表现在转频、叶频及其倍频,且叶频压力脉动具有向上游衰减快,向下游衰减慢的特点;在启动工况中,水泵压水室压力脉动与基座(特别是垂直方向),甚至泵房出水侧楼板振动在叶频和转频处表现出相干性。根据现场测试结果认为,干室型双吸离心泵泵房在设计时,需要重点关注水泵叶频压力脉动作用下出水侧楼板等泵房结构的动力学响应问题。     

基于反问题设计的离心泵叶轮泥沙磨损特性优化研究

离心泵被广泛应用于我国黄河沿岸的提灌泵站中。黄河水中的泥沙对离心泵造成的泥沙磨损问题严重影响离心泵的安全高效运行。反问题设计是离心泵叶轮优化设计的常用方法，但作为其关键设计参数的叶片载荷加载方式对离心泵磨损性能的影响尚不清楚。针对叶片载荷加载方式对离心泵叶轮泥沙磨损特性影响的问题，采用固液两相流数值计算的方法，研究了前盖板前加载后盖板后加载、前后盖板均偏中加载以及前后盖板均偏后加载3种不同叶片载荷加载方式对离心泵水力性能、叶轮磨损特性和固液两相流流场特性的影响。结果表明：相比于其它方案，前后盖板均偏中加载方案得到的离心泵具有较优的水力性能。在各工况下，相比于原叶轮，前后盖板均偏中加载方案的叶片最大磨损率减小25%~73%，小流量工况下可减小73%，大流量工况下可减小25%，明显提高了叶片的磨损性能。相比于原叶轮，3种优化方案在前盖板背面流线上的压力分布更均匀光顺;在小流量工况下，前后盖板均偏中加载方案和前后盖板均偏后加载方案叶片表面的固相体积分数较小，各种方案得到的叶片表面的速度分布基本相同;在额定流量工况下，原叶轮的叶片表面体积分数较小，前后盖板均偏中加载方案和前后盖板均偏后加载方案的叶片工作面固相速度大的区域相对较小，固相速度也有所减小。因此，前后盖板均偏中加载方案具有较优的水力性能和磨损特性，可为离心泵叶轮磨损特性的优化提供参考。     

Numerical prediction of 3-D periodic flow unsteadiness in a centrifugal pump under part-load condition

Numerical simulation and 3-D periodic flow unsteadiness analysis for a centrifugal pump with volute are carried out in whole flow passage, including the impeller with twisted blades, the volute and the side chamber channels under a part-load condition. The pressure fluctuation intensity coefficient （PFIC） based on the standard deviation method, the time-averaged velocity unsteadiness intensity coefficient （VUIC） and the time-averaged turbulence intensity coefficient （TIC） are defined by averaging the results at each grid node for an entire impeller revolution period. Therefore, the strength distributions of the periodic flow unsteadiness based on the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes （URANS） equations can be analyzed directly and in detail. It is shown that under the 0.6Qd~. condition, the pressure fluctuation intensity is larger near the blade pressure side than near the suction side, and a high fluctuation intensity can be observed at the beginning section of the spiral of the volute. The flow velocity unsteadiness intensity is larger near the blade suction side than near the pressure side. A strong turbulence intensity can be found near the blade suction side, the impeller shroud side as well as in the side chamber. The leakage flow has a significant effect on the inflow of the impeller, and can increase both the flow velocity unsteadiness intensity and the turbulence intensity near the wall. The accumulative flow unstea- diness results of an impeller revolution can be an important aspect to be considered in the centrifugal pump optimum design for obtaining a more stable inner flow of the pump and reducing the flow-induced vibration and noise in certain components.     

基于CFD的高海拔地区某型号离心泵水力性能优化

离心泵已在工农业生产过程中得到了广泛的应用,因此,水泵的高效运行非常重要。但是到目前为止,对高海拔地区水泵的高效率运行研究几乎是空白。为了解决某型号离心泵在高海拔地区长期运行后出现的效率明显降低的问题,基于CFD数值模拟软件,运用SST湍流模型,对该型号的离心泵在不同叶片数下的流场进行了数值模拟,并将模拟结果与试验数据进行了比对分析,以探索添加叶片对提升该型号离心泵效率的影响。结果表明:模拟结果与试验数据误差在允许范围内(3%),将叶片数从4增加到6时,运行效率提升到89%,但叶片数增加到8时,并不利于离心泵效率的提升。研究结果可为该型水泵运行效率的提升和改型提供借鉴与理论参考。     

离心叶轮的叶片数效应研究

叶轮叶片数是离心叶轮的一个重要结构参数,对叶轮外特性与内流场特征都有着直接的影响。利用计算流体动力学软件,生成了叶片数分别为5和6的2个叶轮,然后在相同工况下,计算了这2个叶轮的内外力学性能;通过对2个叶轮的流量-扬程、流量-效率曲线及叶轮内压力、相对速度进行比较,分析了不同叶片数对叶轮性能产生的影响及其成因。比较分析结果有助于设计人员深入了解不同叶片数叶轮的不同流动机理,并可为他们在设计实践中正确选用叶片数提供参考。     

CAVITATING SUPPRESSION OF LOW SPECIFIC SPEED CENTRIFUGAL PUMP WITH GAP DRAINAGE BLADES

This paper aims to clarify the cavitation suppression mechanism of the gap structure impeller based on the analysis of cavitation characteristics in a low specific speed centrifugal pump. In order to obtain reliable and consistent numerical results, some numerical considerations and modeling methodology were demonstrated and researched, and a check of the time and space resolution were also conducted. Hence the predicted cavitation performance of the two centrifugal pumps were investigated and compared with experimental results, and they were in qualitative agreement. It was confirmed that the new gap structure impeller has a very good characteristic of inhibiting cavitation, especially in large flow area, the present numerical method can effectively capture the major internal flow features in the centrifugal pump, through the comparison of the two type impeller flow fields, the cavitation suppression mechanism of the gap impeller may be the combination effects of the small vice blade’s guiding flow and gap tunnel’s auto-balancing of pressure.     

叶片数对高比转速离心泵固液两相非定常流的影响

为了探索叶片数在固液两相流条件下对高比转速离心泵非定常特性的影响情况,利用ANSYS CFX软件,采用Mixture多相流模型,对4种不同叶片数离心泵的固液两相湍流进行了非定常数值模拟,分析了叶片数对固液两相流离心泵瞬时扬程、压力、压力脉动及径向力的影响。研究结果表明：① 随着叶片数量的增多,固液两相流离心泵的瞬时扬程增大,波动频率变快,蜗壳内及隔舌处的压力值越来越大,波动频率变快,脉动幅值反而越来越小,叶轮上的径向力会减小,隔舌处的径向力会增大;② 不同叶片数的固液两相流离心泵蜗壳内及隔舌处的压力脉动主频均出现在其叶频处;③ 叶片数为5时,是蜗壳的内压力值和压力脉动幅值增减速度快慢的分界点,也是叶轮上及隔舌处径向力大小增减速度快慢的分界点。     

升力做功对离心泵水力性能的影响

分别用试验研究和数值模拟手段对离心泵内升力做功对其水力性能的影响展开了研究。研究结果表明：离心泵叶轮在相同半径下，叶片工作面的压力与吸力面之间存在压力差ΔP，由此产生升力，且随着流量的增加升力做功逐渐减小；离心泵内升力做功和离心力做功共同决定着其外特性曲线，其中，升力做功最大可达到离心力做功的90%左右，占总扬程的46%左右；在不同工况下，离心力做功基本不变，升力做功的变化则较为明显，这就决定了其外特性曲线的变化趋势。对理论计算与试验结果进行了比较，两种结果相互吻合，验证了数值模拟的正确性。     

固液两相流离心泵磨损机理和叶轮的设计

本文研究了固液两相流离心泵磨损机理，指出离心泵内叶轮出口附近的射流 尾流结构是离心泵内的局部磨损的重要原因。理论分析、试验结果及工业应用表明：采用小叶片出口角β2、少叶片数Z和大出口宽度b2的叶轮能减轻泵的磨损。     

叶片包角对高比转速离心泵水力性能的影响研究

高比转速离心泵流道宽大,包角的大小将直接影响其水力性能。基于N-S方程和RNG k-ε湍流模型,对5种不同的叶片包角模型在多种工况下分别进行了数值模拟计算分析,以对不同包角下的外特性变化趋势、叶轮内部的三维流线以及湍动能变化规律进行研究。研究结果表明:(1)随着叶片包角的增大,离心泵的最高效率点表现为先增加后减小,扬程随着流量的增大而下降,当包角增大到一定限值时,下降的幅度最为明显;(2)离心泵叶轮流线在相同的流量下,随着叶片包角的增大,流线愈发平顺光滑且越趋于叶片线型时,叶轮的总压随包角的增大而逐渐减小;(3)在设计工况下,低速区主要集中在叶轮进口的叶片工作面处,随着叶片包角的增大,湍动能逐渐减小;(4)当叶片包角在110°附近时,该泵的水力性能即达到最优。研究结果可为今后对高比转速离心泵的研究提供一定的参考。     

双吸泵小流量工况下的空化特性研究

为研究双吸泵在小流量工况下叶轮内部空化特性,同时进一步说明小流量工况相比于设计工况时的空化特性差异,结合均质两相流模型和SST k-ω湍流模型,对双吸泵小流量工况和设计工况下的全流道空化流场进行数值模拟,以分析不同流量工况下空化分布与发展情况,以及空化对各叶片载荷造成的影响。研究结果表明:适当减小双吸泵进口流量,有助于改善双吸泵的空化性能;在小流量工况下空化首先发生于叶片吸力面头部靠后盖板附近,而且此处的空泡体积分数最大,这一空化特征同设计工况有所差异;随着NPSH的降低,叶轮内空化不断加强,但是小流量工况下的空化强度始终不及设计工况;不同空化状态会导致叶片吸力面压力的变化,从而表现为叶片表面载荷分布的变化。     

风力离心泵提水机组的试验研究

我国研制的风力离心泵提水机组由一台垂直轴三叶片可变几何型风车（ Ｃｐ ＝ ０－３５ ，λ＝ ２－４）和一台低速立式离心泵（ 额定转速５００ｒ／ｍｉｎ ，额定流量４０ ｍ３／ｈ，额定扬程６ ｍ） 以三角皮带联接组成．现场试验和生产考核证明机组有良好的匹配特性和运行状况．此种机组流量大，扬程适中，在灌溉等方面有广阔的应用前景     

Unsteady flow structures in centrifugal pump under two types of stall conditions

The stall is an unsteady flow phenomenon that always causes instabilities and low efficiency for pumps. This paper focuses on the unsteady flow structures and evolutions under two types of stall conditions in centrifugal pump impellers. Two centrifugal pump impellers, one with 6 and another with 5 blades, are considered and a developed large-eddy simulation method is adopted. The results show that the alternative stall occurs in the impeller with 6 blades, while, the rotating stall is observed in that with 5 blades. The flow structure and the pressure fluctuation characteristics are further analyzed. For the alternative stall, the stall cells are fixed relative to the impeller, but a large vortex in the stalled passage is always swaying. The outlet vortex is generated from it, and then develops and sheds periodically. For the rotating stall, the stall cells first occur in the suction side of the blade. With the growth of the stall cells, the block area gradually increases until the inlet region is almost blocked, then moves to the pressure side with a continuous decay. When the rotating stall occurs, the amplitude of the pressure fluctuation is much larger than that under the alternative stall condition. The propagation of the stall cells has a significant effect on the pressure fluctuations in the impeller.     

HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND OPTIMIZATION DESIGN OF EFFICIENT AXIAL-FLOW BLAST WITH LOW NOISE AND ENERGY SAVING

Based on the demand on efficient axial-flow blast with low noise and energy saving, a blade was designed through the application of the unequal work distribution principle and the exponential twisted camber was used to shape blades. Then, the hydrodynamic characteristics of blades were studied and the strengths and vibrations of blades and hydrodynamic noise of blast were analyzed. Furthermore, the software of optimization design of axial-flow blast was developed. Finally, the HMF-T40No.20 axial-flow blast used in large textile conditioner system of cotton spinning industry was designed, which could meet the required total safety and environmental requirements as the corresponding test demonstrates. The study is beneficial to designing axial-flow blast.     

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF PERFORMANCE OF AN AXIAL-FLOW PUMP WITH INDUCER

The interaction of flow through the inducer and impeller of an axial-flow pump equipped with an inducer has significant effect on its performance. This article presents a recent numerical investigation on this topic. The studied pump has an inducer with 3 blades mounted on a conical hub and a 6-blade impeller. The blade angle of the impeller is adjustable to generate different relative circumferential angles between the inducer blade trailing edge and the impeller blade leading edge. A computational fluid dynamics code was used to investigate the flow characteristics and performance of the axial-flow pump. For turbulence closure, the RNG k-ε model was applied with an unstructured grid system. The rotor-stator interaction was treated with a Multiple Reference Frame (MRF) strategy. Computations were performed in different cases: 7 different relative circumferential angles ( Δθ ) between the inducer blade trailing edge and the impeller blade leading edge, and 3 different axial gaps (G) between the inducer and the impeller. The variation of the hydraulic loss in the rotator was obtained by changing Δθ . The numerical results show that the pressure generated is minimum in the case of ( G = 3%D), which indicates that the interference between inducer and impeller is strong if the axial gap is small. The pump performances were predicted and compared to the experimental measurements. Recommendations for future modifications and improvements to the pump design were also given.     

高速潜水轴流泵大流量工况的空化特性

为了研究大流量工况下高速潜水轴流泵的空化特性,基于ANSYS CFX软件,选取Zwart、Kunz以及Schnerr-Sauer 3种空化模型进行大流量工况下高速潜水轴流泵外特性和泵内空化流动特性数值模拟。结果表明:大流量工况下Schnerr-Sauer空化模型预测的外特性变化趋势与试验值最为吻合,相较于另两种空化模型,Schnerr-Sauer空化模型模拟的叶片背面空泡体积分数较高;空化严重区域主要出现在叶片背面进口附近以及叶顶,同一空化数下,流量越大,叶片空化状况越严重;叶片载荷分布由叶片进口边到出口边呈先增大后减小的趋势;各流量下空泡首先出现在叶片背面进口前缘位置,随着空化数的减小,空泡体积分数沿着主流方向朝叶片后缘不断增大直至空泡占据整个叶片背面;叶片背面处的三角形云状空化尾缘空穴极不稳定,随着叶轮旋转,尾缘处空泡微团逐渐脱落,朝着相邻叶片不断移动,对相邻叶片的工作面产生侵蚀破坏,导致叶片载荷发生变化,对轴流泵水力性能产生影响。     

离心泵变角调节研究及节能分析

目前,国内离心泵工作点的调节方法主要是采用变速调节和变径调节法,但是变速调节和变径调节都有一定的调节范围,在某些情况下并不能完全满足要求。针对中小型离心泵站和灌排两用离心泵站,提出了利用变角调节来改变水泵运行工况的方法。根据离心泵的水流运动特点及叶轮进口相似三角形的关系,推导出了离心泵的流量数学模型。以山西省某供水工程和天津某灌排两用离心泵站为例,通过改变叶片的入口安放角,达到调节水泵运行工况的目的;同时,针对天津某灌排两用泵站的实际情况进行了节能分析。分析结果表明:变角调节后可以减少能耗,提高工程的经济效益。     

基于叶素理论及 CFD 的中扬程风力提水机的 低实度高效风轮设计

为了降低风力提水机的起动风速,解决传统风力提水机多叶片大实度、风能利用系数低的缺点,采用叶素理论对风力提水机叶片的气动外形进行设计,引入了修正因子,并根据工程实际优化了叶片的弦长以及安装角;采用CFD方法对风轮进行数值模拟,通过分析证明所设计的风力提水机能在2.5m/s的微风下起动,在额定工况下风能利用系数高达0.46,叶片具有很好的三维流动特性,气流流动稳定无脱流,具有中扬程、低实度、低风速起动进行提水作业的优点,扩大了风能的利用范围。