空气曝气与纯氧曝气生物滤池应用于污水深度处理的研究

采用两种不同气源的曝气生物滤池对污水处理厂二级出水进行深度处理中试研究.结果表明,空气曝气和纯氧曝气生物滤池对COD_(Mn)的去除率相近,分别为30.5%和30.9%;以纯氧为气源的生物滤池硝化能力远强于空气曝气生物滤池,氨氮总去除率77.4%,出水氨氮为2.1～6.3 mg/L;纯氧曝气提高了滤池上部氨氮去除效果,维持滤池内溶解氧在6 mg/L以上,沿水流方向使pH逐渐下降.纯氧曝气生物滤池是污水深度处理中去除氨氮的有效工艺.     

ABR—好氧组合工艺对农村生活污水处理效果研究

研究了厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)分别与跌水曝气和曝气生物滤池组合工艺对农村生活污水中COD_(Cr)和氨氮的去除效果,并对两种组合工艺去除效果进行了比较。结果表明:采用ABR—好氧组合工艺处理生活污水,COD_(Cr)的平均去除率基本上稳定在84.2%左右,这说明生活污水经过ABR厌氧反应器和好氧处理后,能有效去除污水中的有机物;在后续好氧段,采用跌水曝气作为后处理,COD_(Cr)去除率比单独采用ABR提高了9.5%,采用曝气生物滤池作为后处理,COD_(Cr)去除率提高了24.9%,与ABR—跌水曝气相比,采用ABR—曝气生物滤池去除COD_(Cr)的效果较好;ABR—好氧组合工艺对氨氮的去除效果较差,达不到理想的去除效果。     

污水二级处理出水深度处理的试验研究

本文对曝气生物滤池用于城市污水和工业废水的深度处理进行了试验研究。分析了曝气生物滤池、纤维球过滤作为主体工艺对城市污水二级处理厂出水进行深度处理的工艺可行性 ;研究了曝气生物滤池的运行特性 ;考察了采用曝气生物滤池、纤维过滤、活性炭吸附、微滤以及反渗透工艺对工业废水二级出水进行深度处理后回用于循环冷却水系统补水的可行性和可靠性。试验结果表明 :①曝气生物滤池对二级处理后的城市污水 (试验Ⅰ )和工业废水 (试验Ⅱ )中COD的去除率分别为2 5 1%和 5 5 6 % ,出水COD浓度为 33mg/L和 33 6mg/L ,对BOD均有 70 %以上的去除率 ,并且对SS及浊度、氨氮均有很高的去除率 ;②曝气生物滤池对SS与浊度的去除率随进水滤速升高呈直线下降趋势 ,而对COD的去除率在某一个滤速范围内达到最高 ,此时滤池内有机负荷为 1～ 1 5kg COD/ (m3 ·d) ,有效水力停留时间为 1～ 1 5h ;③曝气生物滤池中的溶解氧浓度随填料层增高呈线性增加的趋势 ,COD的去除率沿填料层高度变化为非线性的 ,在试验Ⅰ中 1 5～2m之间的填料层内对COD的去除率最高 ;④根据COD和SS去除率的变化判断反冲洗的周期 ,采用气水联合的方式对曝气生物滤池进行反冲洗 ,反冲洗后曝气生物滤池需要一定的时间才能恢复对污染物的去除能力 ,试     

曝气炭砂滤池去除氨氮的生产性示范工程研究

通过运行炭层空气曝气活性炭-石英砂双层滤池(简称曝气炭砂滤池)生产性示范工程,并与无曝气炭砂滤池及砂滤池进行对比,研究了曝气炭砂滤池作为快滤池时对水中氨氮及亚硝酸盐氮的去除性能。结果表明,曝气炭砂滤池可将氨氮浓度低于2.5mg/L的进水处理至0.5mg/L以下,且进水氨氮低于1.5mg/L时不需曝气,其去除效果显著优于普通炭砂滤池和石英砂滤池;曝气炭砂滤池亦可有效去除亚硝酸盐氮。用曝气炭砂滤池替代石英砂滤池是水厂提升氨氮去除能力的一种可行的滤池改造方式。     

曝气生物滤池去除水中氨氮的试验研究

珠江原水的氨氮平均浓度为3 mg/L,对其进行常规处理以及曝气生物滤池 常规工艺处理中试对比研究,结果表明:常规工艺对氨氮的去除率较低,平均为48.45%;而曝气生物滤池预处理工艺对氨氮的平均去除率可达81.2%,其出水氨氮平均浓度降为0.52 mg/L,大大减轻了后续工艺的处理负荷.再经常规工艺处理后,出水氨氮平均浓度为0.09 mg/L,满足《城市供水水质标准》(CJ/T 206-2005)的要求.     

水厂示范工程滤池处理排涝期水质的试验研究

针对排涝期水中高氨氮和有机物污染问题,研究了示范工程滤池联用曝气系统对水中氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、CODMn和UV254的去除效果。结果表明高压增氧曝气对增加滤池水中的溶解氧含量最有效,活性无烟煤和活性炭滤池对污染物的去除效果显著优于砂滤池,高压增氧曝气与活性无烟煤滤池联用对污染物的去除效果最好,对氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、CODMn和UV254的平均去除率分别达到73.57%、87.93%、42.65%和37.21%。     

DEHP降解菌对硝化型曝气生物滤池的影响

为探究邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)降解菌对硝化反应的影响及其去除DEHP的规律,采用两座下向流硝化型曝气生物滤池(BAF)进行对比试验。两座滤池进水DEHP浓度约为100μg/L,其中一座进水中投加能高效降解DEHP的菌液,另一座不投加该菌液作为空白对照。投菌量为V(菌液)∶V(污水)=1∶1000的滤池与不投加菌液的滤池进行30d的对比试验,结果发现投加菌液的滤池与不投加菌液的滤池,氨氮平均去除率均为96.98%,出水亚氮平均积累率分别为81.97%、93.02%,硝氮平均硝化率分别为18.03%、6.98%,DEHP的平均去除率分别为90.59%、88.10%。BAF运行过程中,DEHP降解菌的投加降低了BAF出水亚氮的积累,提高了DEHP的去除率,但对氨氮的去除没有产生影响。     

饮用水处理曝气炭砂滤池工艺研究

针对炭砂滤池仅靠进水中的溶解氧不能满足高氨氮硝化耗氧要求的难题,开发了在炭砂滤池的滤层中间敷设曝气头的曝气炭砂滤池工艺,气源为空气。曝气头上方的滤层主要用于氨氮的去除,曝气头下方的滤层主要用于浊度的去除,因此该工艺可以在保证对浊度去除的基础上,明显提高对氨氮的去除效果。曝气炭砂滤池工艺适用于水源水季节性高氨氮污染的净水厂。     

TUBAF处理高浓度有机废水的动力学研究

使用页岩生物陶粒填料的两级上向流曝气生物滤池(TUBAF)处理厂区高浓度有机废水,一级滤池的滤料粒径为5～8mm,二级滤池的滤料粒径为3～5mm。滤池分别在0.94m3/(m2.h)、1.59m3/(m2.h)、1.92m3/(m2.h)三种水力负荷下运行,气水比为8∶1,水温介于12.5～17.1℃。针对厂区高浓度有机废水的特殊条件,基于Eckenfelder模型,考虑悬浮物的影响,从污水分散式处理实际运行的角度,推导出两段上向流曝气生物滤池有机底物去除过程的动力学模型,该模型可为设计和运行提供参考。     

垃圾渗滤液预处理——氨吹脱

用不同的曝气方式 (射流曝气、鼓风曝气、表面曝气 )对垃圾渗滤液进行了氨吹脱预处理试验研究。结果表明 ,在同样的功率下 ,射流曝气效果最佳。分析认为其主要原因在于射流曝气具有良好的切割与传质功能。同时对表面曝气进行了生产性试验研究 ,结果表明 ,在调节池前端增加表面曝气吹脱处理后 ,可以得到 68%的氨氮去除率和 76%的COD去除率 ,而无表面曝气吹脱时 ,调节池对氨氮和COD的去除率仅为 2 7%和 2 2 %。研究认为 ,影响氨氮去除的主要因素是池子构造、吹脱方法以及生物行为     

Performance of a double-layer BAF using zeolite and ceramic as media under ammonium shock load condition简

An experiment was carried out to investigate the anti-ammonium shock load capacity of a biological aerated filter （BAF） composed of a double-layer bed. This bed was made up of a top layer of ceramic and a bottom layer of zeolite. The experiment shows that the anti-ammonium shock load process can be divided into two processes： adsorption and release. In the adsorption process, the total removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen by zeolite and ceramic was 94%. In the release process, the ammonia nitrogen concentration increased significantly and then gradually returned to the normal level four hours after the shock load. The results indicated that the double-layer BAF had a high level of adaptability to the short-term ammonium shock load and long-term operation. The main factors influencing the dynamic process of ammonia nitrogen adsorption were the filter bed height, ammonia nitrogen concentration of influent, and flow rate. The bed depth service time （BDST） model was used to predict the relationship between the filter bed height and breakthrough time at different flow rates, and the results are reliable.     

生物慢滤系统对再生水中氮磷降解的试验研究

利用生物慢滤系统中菌-藻共生的特点,对用于景观补水的再生水中氮磷进行有效的去除,可有效预防由于再生水中氮磷营养盐浓度较高而引发的景观水体富营养化问题。通过生物慢滤系统净化再生水的试验研究表明,生物慢滤系统在保持上覆水深为80cm、滤层厚度为80cm、滤速为0.1m/h的条件下,对水体中总氮、氨氮、硝酸盐氮、总磷和高锰酸盐指数平均去除率分别为57.55%、50.16%、46.37%、66.32%和47.04%,叶绿素a的去除率可达95.75%;经生物慢滤系统处理后的再生水在景观储存过程中藻类的生长缓慢,叶绿素a含量始终维持在较低水平,氮磷含量较低且趋于稳定。经生物慢滤池处理的再生水用于景观水体的补充水源,可减少富营养化的发生频率。     

温度和反冲洗对饮用水生物滤池影响的研究

研究了温度和反冲洗对生物滤池的影响.试验结果表明,生物活性和生物量随温度的降低而下降,有机物的去除率和去除量受温度影响不明显,温度对氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的去除率和去除量有一定影响;反冲洗使生物量减少,同时提高了生物活性,有机物、氨氮的去除率在反冲洗2 h后基本恢复到反冲洗前的水平.     

Experimental study on nitrification in a submerged aerated biofilter.

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the performance of a semi-pilot scale BAF in order to obtain a highly polished effluent in terms of removal of organic matter, suspended solids and ammonia and to observe the influence of temperature, pH and nitrite accumulation on the nitrification process. The ammonia removal efficiency during summer and winter and the nitrite accumulation in presence of free ammonia were observed. The biomass density was measured at different filter bed heights and the sludge production from the effluent of the backwashing water was evaluated. The results obtained were used to calibrate a mathematical model for the prediction of the ammonia removal profile in the filter bed and of biomass thickness.     

Function of dynamic membrane in self-forming dynamic membrane coupled bioreactor.

The Self-Forming Dynamic Membrane Coupled Bioreactor (SFDMBR), which uses coarse pore-sized material to separate solid and liquid in bioreactors, has some advantages compared with MBR using micro-/ultra-filtration membranes, for example, low module cost and high flux. The cake layer and gel layer formed on the surface and in the pores of the material during filtration played an important role, called self-forming dynamic membrane (DM), which mainly consisted of activated sludge. In this study, the function of DM in pollutant removal was investigated. It was found that DM could remove some organic matter (12.6 mg L(-1) on average) and total nitrogen (3.01 mg L(-1) on average) in the supernatant. Colloids and organic nitrogen were partly removed by DM while DOC, ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen removal by DM varied from negative to positive, which resulted from the combination of various biological activities, e.g. nitrification, biological utilization and so on. DO concentration in DM decreased with the depth and reached zero at about 1.5-2.5 mm depth. The organic degradation activity and nitrification activity of the biomass suspended in the bioreactor were higher than those of the biomass in the cake layer, which might be caused by the low DO concentration and low organic pollutant content in DM.     

基于藻类连续生长的生物慢滤池深度净化污水的研究

利用藻类连续生长的生物慢滤池开展污水深度净化实验,通过分析生物慢滤池不同深度区域污染物浓度,考察其对氮磷等污染物质的降解规律。研究结果表明:在生物慢滤池中,总氮的去除主要依靠填料表层中微生物的降解和藻类吸收作用,其降解幅度可达31.5%;总磷的去除主要依靠滤柱深层的滤料的吸附作用以及上覆水中藻类的吸收,其降解幅度可达47.0%;氨氮浓度的降低主要依靠硝化转化作用和滤池上覆水表面的挥发作用,其降解幅度为21.8%。可见,生物慢滤池的上覆水和填料表面存在有大量的微生物和藻类,其对水质的净化起到了关键作用。     

Nitrogen removal in an upflow sludge blanket (USB) reactor combined by aerobic biofiltration systems.

A new nitrogen removal process (up-flow sludge blanket and aerobic filter, USB-AF) was proposed and tested with real sewage. In the USB reactor, the larger part of influent organic and nitrogen matters were removed, and ammonia was effectively oxidized in the subsequent aerobic filter. The role of the aerobic filter was to convert ammonia into nitrate, an electron acceptor that could convert soluble organic matters into volatile suspended solid (VSS) in the USB. The accumulated as well as influent VSS in the USB was finally degraded to fermented products that were another good carbon source for denitrification. Total COD, settleable COD and soluble COD in the raw sewage were 325, 80 and 140 mg/l, respectively. Most unsettleable COD as well as some SCOD in the influent was successfully removed in the USB. TCOD removal in the anoxic filter was by denitrification with the recycled nitrate. Low COD input to the aerobic filter could increase nitrification efficiency, reduce the start-up period and save the aeration energy in the USB-AF system. About 95% of ammonia was nitrified in the aerobic filter with no relation to the influent ammonia concentration. Denitrification efficiency of the recycled nitrate in the anoxic filter was about 85, 83, and 72% at recycle ratios of 100, 200, and 300%, respectively. T-N removal efficiency was 70% at recycle ratio of 300%.     

炭砂滤池吸附工艺生产运行研究

对清泰水厂改造工程中采用的炭砂滤池吸附净水工艺进行水质分析和生产运行研究,积累运行管理经验。混凝—沉淀—炭砂过滤—消毒工艺出水水质能满足国标水质要求,特别是对有机物和氨氮的去除效果优于常规工艺,但在浊度控制上与发达国家水质要求和集团内控指标要求尚有一定差距,需设置后续工艺进一步处理。炭砂滤池宜设计成完全避光型式,宜控制炭砂滤池进水浊度在1～2NTU,应定期检查和维护炭砂滤池以确保正常运行。在受潮汐影响河流取水的水厂采用预臭氧工艺时,宜保留预氯化投加点,在沙蚕繁殖季节需少量持续加氯进行杀灭处理。     

饮用水处理中不同滤料除氨氮效果及需氧量研究

对比研究了活性无烟煤、活性炭、石英砂以及无烟煤4种滤料过滤去除饮用水中氨氮的效果及其与需氧量的关系。试验结果表明,当氨氮低于2 mg/L时,4种滤料过滤都能够有效去除氨氮,水中溶解氧逐渐耗尽;当氨氮浓度高于2 mg/L时,4种滤料的去除率均有所下降,但相比石英砂和无烟煤而言,活性无烟煤和活性炭过滤能够更有效地去除氨氮。纯氧曝气能够将溶解氧浓度提高到25 mg/L,从而大幅度改善4种滤料对氨氮的去除效果;活性无烟煤和活性炭过滤可将大部分氨氮转化为硝酸盐,但石英砂和无烟煤过滤则会发生亚硝酸盐积累现象。在活性无烟煤和活性炭过滤去除氨氮过程中,氨氮去除量与溶解氧的平均比例为1∶4.25,略低于理论值。这种定量关系对于生物过滤去除氨氮工艺的设计和运行具有指导意义。     

生物慢滤池用于污水深度处理的实验研究

利用生物慢滤池对人工模拟污水和西安市某污水处理厂的二级出水进行了深度净化处理实验,通过分析进出水中氮、磷含量和高锰酸盐指数及上层水和出水中的叶绿素a含量等指标,考察了生物慢滤池的净化效果。结果表明:生物慢滤池对人工模拟污水的处理效果较好,总氮、氨氮、总磷和高锰酸盐指数的去除率分别为66.4%、40.2%、66.4%和73.3%;深度净化污水厂二级出水,总氮、氨氮、总磷和高锰酸盐指数的去除率分别为35.1%、21.0%、30.2%和12.6%,去除率略低于人工模拟实验;生物慢滤池对叶绿素a有很好的截留效果,去除率分别为93.4%和66.4%;生物慢滤池处理后的再生水水质达到《城市污水再生利用景观环境用水水质》要求,可回用于城市景观水体,作为城市景观水体的补充水源,避免水体富营养化的发生。