共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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运用近年水质调查、监测与评价数据,结合汾河水库及其上游流域自然条件、社会经济、水库供水、河流水系分布概况,分析汾河水库及其上游饮用水功能区水环境状况及来自点源、面源的污染因素,指出流域水环境保护工作在污染控制、水源保护、流域水环境监管方面存在的主要问题,认为明确水功能区限制纳污红线,严格控制入河排污总量,实施最严格的水资源管理制度是实现该区域水资源保护目标的关键,提出了节水减排、执法监督、污染源治理、水质监控等水环境治理保护方面的建议。 相似文献
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ZHOU Gang-yan 《水利水电快报》2007,28(5):14-27
Israel is a semi-arid country,and a significant increase in population combined with sustained economic growth now place enormous pressure on the country's scarce water resources.To date,the Israeli government,however,has been successful in addressing this problem.Rigorous enforcement of policy,institutional and legal measures has been very effective,and in many aspects the country is a worldwide leader in water resources management.This paper therefore reviews Israel's efforts in this area in order to identify lessons that may provide useful insights for developing countries-such as China-whose future economic growth is also threatened by water scarcity. 相似文献
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Management of agricultural nonpoint source pollution in China: current status and challenges. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xiaoyan Wang 《Water science and technology》2006,53(2):1-9
Water quality in China shows an overall trend of deterioration in recent years. Nonpoint source pollution from agricultural and rural regions is the leading source of water pollution. The agricultural nonpoint source pollutants are mainly from fertilization of cropland, excessive livestock and poultry breeding and undefined disposal of daily living wastes in rural areas. Agricultural nonpoint sources contribute the main source of pollution to most watersheds in China, but they are ignored in management strategy and policy. Due to the lack of full understanding of water pollution control and management and the lack of perfect water quality standard systems and practical legislative regulations, agricultural nonpoint source pollution will become one of the biggest challenges to the sustainable development of rural areas and to society as a whole. The system for agricultural nonpoint source pollution control in China should include an appropriate legislation and policy framework, financing mechanisms, monitoring system, and technical guidelines and standards. The management of agricultural nonpoint source pollution requires multidisciplinary approaches that will involve a range of government departments, institutions and the public. 相似文献
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以珊溪水利枢纽水源地为例,通过研究目前饮用水水源保护行政执法体制,分析其存在的不足之处。再对建立综合执法体制的必要性、可行性进行分析,提出综合执法体制的初步设想,积极探索适合饮用水水源保护的行政执法体制,理顺珊溪水源地保护行政执法体制,转换执法模式,更新执法方式,明确执法责任。对贯彻落实最严格的水资源管理制度,提升政府行政能力,确保饮用水水源安全,促进社会经济全面发展有重要的意义。 相似文献
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近年来,我国城市水源地突发性污染事件日益增加.如何保护水源地生态环境安全和城市供水系统安全,以及如何快速有效地处理突发性水污染事故已成为急需解决的问题.从突发性水污染事故应急处置的具体方法展开研究,并从解决污染事故应急筹备的一般程序入手,详细论述了突发性水污染事故应急筹备的具体措施和方法,重点讨论了公众教育和专业人员培养、危险隐患识别、预警模型建立、污染隐患地点的安全保护及政企间的协调等内容. 相似文献
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Animal feeding operations are being targeted as sources of point and nonpoint pollutants. In response to the need to improve water quality, governments and agencies are enacting new regulations proscribing activities to reduce pollutants entering waters. Pursuant to the Clean Water Act, the United States federal government regulates concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) as point sources of pollution. In 2001, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency advanced more stringent regulations for CAFOs despite the fact that approximately80% of the CAFOs have not secured permits as required by federal law. An analysis of enforcement mechanisms and opportunities for greater enforcement suggests that reductions in pollution could come from more effective enforcement. Rather than adopting more regulations for animal feeding operations, governments might direct their resources towards detecting and enforcing existing provisions. 相似文献
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姚天宝 《水资源开发与管理》2020,(2):62-66
为研究河道流域内面源污染对河道及其所在流域的影响情况,本文以沙甸河支流草堵河为研究对象,采用《全国水环境容量核定技术指南》等有关技术规范,进行面源污染物现状情况调查和数据计算、污染源汇总及入河量分析,对面源污染中存在的现状情况进行问题分析。计算分析表明:该河道所在流域中农村生活污染源、农业生产污染源、畜禽养殖污染源等是主要的面源污染源,在河长制推行实施中应加强防治。通过分析提出了有关面源污染的整改措施及方法,可为今后河长制"一河一策"方案编制和实施提供数据支撑和技术支持。 相似文献
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最佳管理措施及其在非点源污染控制中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在非点源污染控制中,最佳管理措施(BMPs)采用工程与非工程相结合的分散式综合控制体系,能适应非点源污染的复杂性特点,已在美国、加拿大等成功应用。介绍BMPs的基本概念和非点源污染控制中的BMPs,包括污染源管理、农业用地管理和城市土地规划管理等非工程性BMPs以及滞留式、渗透式、过滤式和生物式等工程性BMPs,提出我国应以建立雨水排放管理制度为重点,推广应用BMPs。 相似文献
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从秦淮河南京段的水功能区划目标着手,运用污染指数法对秦淮河南京段2001--2010年的水质变化过程进行分析评价,指出秦淮河南京段污染源贡献大小依次为NH3-N、BOD、CODMn和石油类,主要超标污染物为NH3-N;秦淮新河的水质明显优于其他河段,内秦淮河的水质污染情况依旧严重。总结10年治污对秦淮河水质的影响,指出城市污水接管率、污染源、水动力条件等仍是影响秦淮河水环境的主要因素。在污染源综合整治、河道疏浚、生态修复、政策保障等方面提出了控制污染的措施及建议。 相似文献
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Matthew I. England 《国际水》2018,43(4):512-530
This article examines the formation process and strategic direction of the National Water Mission, the government of India’s water policy response to climate change launched in 2008. The policy development process is found to be largely an internal government affair. Numerous water supply and demand management strategies as well as institutional reform measures are advocated, constituting key elements of adaptive water management. However, it reconfirms the government’s commitment to a primary focus on large-scale supply-side infrastructure approaches, with the plasticity of climate change being mobilized as additional justification. Non-government actors instead advocate decentralized, smaller-scale supply and demand management strategies. 相似文献
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生态补偿问题已成为被关注的热点。通过全面考察水源地保护区农民生活、生产的现状,重点探讨了影响水源地保护区农民生产、生活的制约因素,以及农民对新型水源地经济发展模式的需求及意愿。根据研究,生态保护成为制约水源地经济发展的重要因素,且生态保护与经济发展的矛盾会随着国家对环保重视程度的日益加强而愈演愈烈。在认真分析影响制约当地经济发展因素和农民需求与意愿的基础上,提出了完善政策扶持机制、以项目带动经济补偿、初步建立有益于生态补偿的财政转移支付形式、加快建立水源地环境资源评估与保护标准体系等建议。 相似文献
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巢湖流域水环境问题与可持续发展战略 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9
从系统论的角度分析了巢湖水环境问题的现状、水污染原因、点污染源和面污染源的情况。水环境问题的防治和控制是一项系统工程,必须从系统内部要素与外部环境着手。提出在解决水环境问题的同时,要实施巢湖流域可持续发展战略,并提出相应的经济结构调整、重点产业选择、生态建设以及公共政策等措施。 相似文献
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漳卫南运河流域水污染趋势与控制 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过调查,研究漳卫南运河20年来的污染历史和发展趋势,结合流域污染源监测,全面评价流域水污染现状和形势,提出了漳卫运河水污染控制对策:明确治理目标控制排污总量;严格执法;调整产业结构,治理污染源;加强城市污水处理厂的建设与运行管理;加强流域管理;加强监测;优化水资源配置及跨流域调水。 相似文献
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A main reason for the persistence of current water pollution lies in the diffuse character of many of its sources. For a large part such diffuse pollution is related to the production, use and waste of various kinds of products. For the reduction of this pollution, a product-oriented policy strategy, based on interaction with stakeholders could be more successful than the traditional measures of direct regulation that were devised for point source reduction. In this article we identify different types of product policy, and explore the potential benefits and costs for water quality management. The methods that can be used in a product policy approach are illustrated with some examples. Although the specific advantages for water quality management have not been quantified yet, governments increasingly recognise the potential positive effects. In this context, the European Water Framework Directive, in stimulating product policy by enhancing public and stakeholders participation, can be considered to be part of a general development towards interactive water management. 相似文献
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