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工程随机模型在暴雨洪水分析计算中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文利用工程随机模型的原理和方法,建立了年暴雨过程随机械模型和便于计算机数值模拟的暴雨洪水流域系统随机模型,并结合应用实例给出了对这些随机模型的实用性检验,表明这一方法不失为实际工程洪水分析计算的一条途径。 相似文献
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洪水模式识别及模拟—长江三峡工程设计洪水的推求 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文提出用洪水随机模拟的模式识别模型对长江三峡工程入库洪水进行特征提取和聚类分析,推断其统计结构,推求入库设计洪水过程,强调洪水过程的整体特征,研究成果突破了现行方法的局限。 相似文献
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由于水文因子是影响调洪最高水位的主要因素,入库洪水随机模拟为大坝防洪风险评价中重要的一项.文中运用随机理论研究入库洪水特性,分析入库洪水特征参数,研究峰量关系,模拟洪水随机过程,通过随机组合得到各种可能的随机洪水. 相似文献
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三峡水利枢纽设计洪水采用三峡水利枢纽上、下游大量历史洪水碑刻、洪痕及历史文献记载,分析历史洪水的大小及重现期。连择P-Ⅱ型理论分布曲线进行频率曲线拟会,并以1954,1982,1981年实测洪水作为设计洪水典型,采用同频率组成法按峰、量同频率控制放大洪水典型年入库洪水作为入库设计洪水,反映了三峡水库建成后的实际情况。对由于系列长度不足所引起的设计洪水不确定性问题,开展了期望概率研究,得出各种时段洪量的期望概率十分接近或稍低于设计频率,均能满足工程指定的设计标准。通过对洪水随机模拟的研究,论证了由于上游干支流兴建水库对三峡工程设计洪水成果的影响和三峡水库对中下游防洪调度的巨大作用。因而为三峡水利枢纽提供了准确可靠的设计洪水成果。 相似文献
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近年来在山西省黄土高原地区,修建了不少水保工程,对防止水土流失和洪水灾害起了较大的作用,但也可能会给洪水预报精度带来一定的影响,在水保工程数量达到一定规模时,这种影响是不可忽略的。总的来看,水保工程不仅会使洪水量减少,而且洪水过程形态也会发生变化。研究和掌握这些规律,对提高洪水预报精度将大为有益。另外,相对于各种复杂的洪水预报实时校正方法中,利用相似性原理提出的一种简易的预报洪水实时校正计算方法,可提高洪水预报精度,并通过实例分析验证,证明运用该方法不仅预报精度高,而且非常通用易行。 相似文献
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在三峡工程的规划与设计中,为研究三峡工程设计洪水的地区组成、上游干支流水库群对三峡工程的影响以及三峡水库对长江中下游的防洪作用,在已有的实测短系列的基础上,应用洪水变量的随机特性,分别建立了三峡坝址宜昌站、坝址以上屏山-宜昌段、坝址以下的宜昌-城陵矶段及包含三峡坝址的寸滩-大通段的洪水随机模型。这些模型的建立,使得过去由设计洪水典型年法难以完成的梯级水库群对设计洪水的影响以及具有水库、堤防、分蓄洪工程所组成的防洪系统防洪效益计算成为可能。并得出了长江上游干支流水库建库后对三峡入库洪水的影响以及三峡水库对中下游防洪调度的巨大作用这一实用结论,为三峡工程设计提供了重要依据。 相似文献
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对嘉兴地区主要给水厂近年来应用立体弹性填料、LT型悬浮球填料、YS型悬浮填料、卵石填料等的生物预处理工艺从填料及配套设施、工艺运行参数、运行效果、成本等方面进行了比较.认为弹性填料生物预处理更适用于低浊(50 NTU以下)、低氨氮(1.5 mg/L以下)原水,LT型悬浮球填料生物预处理适用于低中浊(100 NTU以下)、低中氨氮(2.5 mg/L以下)原水,YS型悬浮填料生物预处理及"SAF"滤池对低浊、中高氨氮(2.5 mg/L以上)原水有较好的适应性.最后探讨了弹性填料存在的短流、积泥,悬浮填料存在的部分填料流化不均匀,富氧的生物工艺单元内水生动物泛滥等问题. 相似文献
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Changes in nutrient levels in some Eastern European rivers in response to large-scale changes in agriculture. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
P St?lnacke S M Vandsemb A Vassiljev A Grimvall G Jolankai 《Water science and technology》2004,49(3):29-36
Since the late 1980s, the use of commercial fertilisers in most Eastern European countries has decreased at an unprecedented rate. We examined the impact of this dramatic reduction in agricultural inputs on concentrations of nutrients in four rivers in Eastern Europe: the Emajogi and Ohnejogi (Estonia), the Daugava (Latvia), and the Tisza (Hungary). Time series of nitrate (NO3-N) and phosphate (PO4-P) concentrations and data on runoff were selected to represent catchments with substantial areas of agricultural land and available time series of sufficient length and frequency. The study period was 1987-1998. We detected downward trends in nitrate-N and phosphate-P in only two of the four rivers. Our results imply that the response to the extensive decrease in agricultural intensity since the late 1980s has been slow and limited in many rivers. Corresponding results in the literature are inconclusive and comprise several examples of both decreasing and non-decreasing nutrient concentrations. Our findings, along with similar data from other studies, indicate that large cuts in nutrient inputs do not necessarily induce an immediate response, particularly in medium-sized and large catchment areas. Moreover, the difference we noted between nitrogen and phosphorus suggests that factors other than reduced fertiliser application influenced the inertia of the water quality response. 相似文献
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对长江、珠江等河口及其近海水域缺氧现象与影响因素进行研究,结果表明,主要分布于长江与珠江河口及其邻近海域的缺氧现象,夏季(6—8月)达到最盛,秋冬季消失;长江口的缺氧区域主要位于30.75°N~32°N,122.5°E~123.25°E附近海域,具有南北2个缺氧中心;珠江口缺氧程度相对较轻,缺氧区域主要在广州黄埔区河段至虎门水域和伶仃洋;辽河、钱塘江、海河等河口区域也时而出现零星的缺氧现象;水体缺氧受控于多项环境要素,物理层化作用是缺氧产生的最初诱因之一,陆源污染物的分解则是重要的耗氧负荷;各河口区特征各异,潮汐、洋流、营养盐、叶绿素a等要素对缺氧区的范围、程度和持续时间影响程度不一。 相似文献
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深圳河支流新洲河属雨源型河流,因污染而采取全线截排污水整治.在上游河道内利用生物飘带技术处理低浓度污水,处理达标后,作为河流生态水源.在中游将截排污水引入自然循环方式污水处理系统,处理达标后作为河道补水.下游利用射流清淤配合利用天文大潮进行水体交换,达到消除黑臭水体,维持河道水景观的目的.介绍新洲河水环境综合整治采用的几项关键技术的设计原理及应用效果. 相似文献
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介绍了映秀湾水力发电总厂结合季节性安全大检查开展安全性评价的过程,提出存在的主要问题及采取的对策措施,为安全性评价结合季节性安全大检查开展作了实践性探讨。 相似文献
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Ecological river engineering can be defined as the design and implementation of river works and river restoration works for the benefit of human society. It also guarantees the sustainable ecological functions of a river, such as its habitats and self-purification of its water. It is currently in the beginning stages in Korea, utilizing scientific knowledge on the processes of aquatic ecosystem degeneration and a methodology for solving the ecological problems in artificially altered rivers currently under development. The changes in river management and work practices in Korea may be best explained with a chronologically progressing sequence of ‘Natural’, ‘Disaster-prevention’, ‘Occupied’, ‘Park’, and ‘Close-to-nature’ rivers. Since the 1960s, the focus on river management and work has shifted from flood control only, to both flood control and riverine habitat conservation and restoration. Five research topics have been selected for this article, and the progress of each research area is briefly described with a representative picture in each topic. They are as follows: (1) flow resistance due to vegetation, (2) environmental flow, (3) floodplain vegetation modeling, (4) small dam removal, and (5) river restoration. For the future prospects of research on ecological river engineering in Korea, a necessity of further research on floodplain vegetation recruitment and succession, which can explain the so-called ‘white river’ and ‘green river’, is underlined, among others. Finally, two ongoing large research programs on river ecosystem restoration, of which are sponsored by the Government of Korea, are briefly introduced, followed by the introduction of a near-prototype experiment facility recently completed mainly for research on ecological river engineering. 相似文献