结构参数对水下自激脉冲射流装置性能的影响

在自激脉冲射流装置非淹没试验研究的基础上,对自激脉冲射流装置应用于水下淤泥处理进行了淹没工况(淹没水深0.5 m)试验研究,分析了下喷嘴直径、腔径、腔长及下喷嘴长度对装置性能的影响规律。研究表明:在淹没条件下,对上喷嘴直径一定时的某一工况,存在最优下喷嘴直径、最优腔长及最优腔径使装置性能最佳;最优下喷嘴长度与非淹没情况相同。     

深水自激吸气脉冲射流喷嘴性能的试验研究

对自行研制的深水自激吸气式脉冲射流试验装置进行了试验,分析了工作参数对射流均值打击力的影响。结果表明:①射流均值打击力随着工作压力的增大而增大,且增大的速度随围压的增大而减小;②随着吸气量的增大,射流的均值打击力增大,随着围压的增大,射流均值打击力随吸气量增大而增大的速度趋于平缓;③在上喷嘴和腔体结构一定、下喷嘴直径发生变化的情况下,射流均值打击力随围压的增大而逐渐降低。     

水下自激脉冲射流喷嘴的吸气性能试验研究

运用自行研制的试验装置对水下不同结构参数的自激吸气脉冲射流喷嘴的吸气性能进行试验,研究了喷嘴的上下喷嘴直径、腔径和腔长等不同的组合配比对喷嘴吸气量的影响,以及喷嘴吸气量对喷嘴冲击性能的影响。结果表明:喷嘴吸气是提高水下自激脉冲射流冲击性能的有效途径,喷嘴的相对冲击力随着喷嘴吸气量的增加而提高;在较优的喷嘴结构参数配比范围内,喷嘴的吸气比率最大;最佳吸气比率的喷嘴面积比、相对腔长和相对腔径配比范围分别为3.5~4.0、8~9、11~12.5。     

自激吸气脉冲射流装置运行参数正交试验研究

为了解运行参数对自激吸气脉冲射流装置性能影响的重要性次序,探究各运行参数间是否存在耦合作用,运用正交试验方法,选取最佳配比范围内的自激吸气脉冲射流装置,对不同运行参数下的自激吸气脉冲射流装置的吸气性能和冲击性能进行了试验研究,分析了围压、工作压力、射流靶距等运行参数对装置性能的影响程度及敏感度。结果表明:各运行参数对装置吸气性能影响的主次顺序为工作压力、围压、射流靶距以及工作压力和射流靶距的交互作用;对装置冲击性能影响的主次顺序是射流靶距、工作压力、围压以及工作压力和射流靶距的交互作用。最后,探讨了各运行参数对靶盘径向压力分布的影响。     

运行参数对自激脉冲射流装置性能影响的试验研究

运用自行研制的自激脉冲射流装置就其运行参数对装置性能的影响进行了试验研究。在自激脉冲射流装置结构参数一定的情况下,分析了工作压力、工作流速、靶距等运行参数与脉冲射流装置性能之间的关系,初步得出自激脉冲射流装置的最佳运行参数范围,为工程应用提供了依据。     

围压下自激吸气脉冲射流装置压力特性试验

为了解自激吸气式脉冲射流装置在围压作用下的脉冲效果及腔体内压力的变化规律,利用自主研发的水下射流装置平台开展试验研究,分析了不同围压时装置在不吸气和吸气条件下的冲击力、频率特性及腔体内压力的变化规律。结果表明:围压对装置射流冲击力衰减影响较大,相同靶距时高围压的冲击力衰减较快;装置吸气后射流冲击力的频率比不吸气低,但振幅变大;围压对不吸气和吸气条件下腔体内的压力影响规律相同,测点压力均随着围压增大而减小,而在同一围压条件下吸气后腔体内测点压力变大。     

淹没水流自激吸气式脉冲射流喷嘴吸气性能

针对我国多泥沙河流下游水库淤积严重的现状,对自激式脉冲射流喷嘴产生脉冲射流的条件进行了分析。不同条件的对比试验结果表明:自激式脉冲射流喷嘴吸气性能影响参数有吸气管管径、吸气管根数及吸气量;在淹没条件下,对自激式脉冲射流喷嘴进行吸气处理,可使其产生脉冲射流;不同吸气条件下,装置吸气特性不同,获得较好打击效果所需的最佳吸气性能参数范围不同。     

淹没条件下自激吸气式脉冲射流流场初步研究

运用计算流体动力学软件,对水下自激吸气式脉冲射流流场进行数值计算。结果表明:在模拟工况的运行参数和结构参数下,自激吸气式脉冲射流装置可以产生自吸气;不同水深条件下,装置形成的涡旋气团时间不同、气团形状不同;随着模拟水深的加大,装置内气体浓度以及射流轴心的速度、压力呈现递减趋势。     

自激振荡脉冲射流动态特性的实验研究

通过实验研究了自激振荡脉冲射流重要参数相互之间的影响关系。实验结果表明:泵压升高,射流频率增加;腔长增大,射流频率降低;而且存在一个最佳腔长使脉冲射流压力峰值达到最大。实验结果与理论分析一致。     

自进式喷头自进力影响因素分析及参数优化

自进式喷头利用反向射流的推进作用实现喷头在径向井眼自进是径向水平井的关键技术之一,然而现有自进能力尚达不到工业预期。该文在多孔直射流喷头基础上,推导出以射流参数为变量的自进力公式,确定可以反映喷头自进力大小的自进系数k,基于CFD仿真技术,分析了系统参数对自进力的量化影响。此外,优选出了前向喷嘴射流喷头4+1布局结构,并以此为基础进行了最佳喷距的理论分析。研究结果表明:喷头自进力大小与射流压力、前后喷嘴直径及前后喷射角度相关;在相同射流压力下,当后喷嘴直径和前侧喷射角越大时,自进力越大;当前侧喷嘴直径和后喷射角越大时,自进力越小;且射流喷头自身的设计参数决定着喷头破岩的最佳喷距。该研究可为喷头优化设计和增强径向钻井的自进能力提供参考。     

环空流体吸入式自激振荡脉冲射流调制元件结构优选研究

为充分利用井底水力能量提高破岩钻井效率,提出了环空流体吸入式自激振荡脉冲射流钻井技术。将数值模拟和试验研究相结合,分析了环空流体吸入式自激振荡脉冲射流调制元件结构参数的变化对射流破岩性能的影响。对比分析了调制元件的环空吸入量、出口流速、振荡腔负压值和进出口压差与射流破岩效果之间的关系,结果发现调制元件进出口的压差越大,射流破岩效果越好,二者呈显著线性相关。以调制元件进出口压差为优选依据,采用正交试验法,进行了数值模拟试验,优选了调制元件的结构参数,数值计算与试验结果吻合良好,表明分析环空流体吸入式自激振荡脉冲射流性能,优选调制元件结构的方法可行。所得结论可作为射流调制元件结构设计和优化的依据。     

掺气坎(槽)射流空腔长度的计算

从分析掺气坎(槽)射流微分水体受力的力学关系出发，考虑了空腔内负压及运动液体所受离心惯性力的影响，建立起射流水舌下缘液体质点运动轨迹的微分方程．提出一种通过物理力学概念求解射流空腔长度的计算方法，并分析了空腔内负压、挑角等水力参数对射流空腔长度的影响．计算结果与试验值吻合良好。     

Numerical study of flow fluctuation attenuation performance of a surge tank

The surge tank plays an important role in ensuring the stability of a water flow standard device. To study the influence of the structure and the working conditions on the regulator performance of a surge tank, a three-dimensional model, including a surge tank, the pipeline and the water tank is built, and the VOF model in the Fluent software is used to simulate the two-phase pulsatile flow in the surge tank. The inlet flow pulsation is defined by the User Defined Functions （UDF）, and the outlet flow is set to be a free jet. By calculating the flow fluctuation coefficient of the variation uader different flow conditions, the influences of the pulse frequency, the initial water level height and the baffle plate structure on the flow stability are analyzed. It is shown that the surge tank has a good attenuation effect on high-frequency pulsations, there is an optimal initial water level to suppress the fluctuations, the round holes of the baffle should ensure a certain circulation area with the bore diameter small enough to have the necessary damping effect.     

Experimental and numerical simulations of bottom hole temperature and pressure distributions of supercritical CO2 jet for well-drilling

The supercritical carbon dioxide （SC-CO2） drilling is a novel drilling technique developed in recent years. A detailed study of temperature and pressure distributions of the SC-CO2 jet on the bottom of a well is essensial to the SC-CO2 drilling. In this paper, the distributions of pressure and temperature on the bottom of the hole during the SC-CO2 jet drilling are simulated experimentally and numerically, and the impacts of the nozzle diameter, the jet length, and the inlet pressure of the SC-CO2 jet are analyzed. It is shown that, the bottom hole temperature and pressure increase with the increase of the nozzle diameter, and the bottom hole temperature reduces and the pressure increases first and then decreases with the increase of the jet length, indicating that the jet length has an optimum value. The increase of the inlet pressure can increase the temperature and pressure on the bottom, which has a positive effect on the drilling rate.     

Numerical study on influence of structural vibration on cavitating flow around axisymmetric slender body

The unsteady behaviors of cloud cavitating flow would lead to structural vibration and deformation that conversely affect its development. The present paper aims to preliminarily discuss the influences of structural vibration on the development of the cavitating flow. Simulations of a slender body are carried out under different vibration amplitudes and frequencies. The results show that the structural vibration causes alternate variation of local attack angle at the head of the body, and thus changes the development of cavitation and re-entrant jet. On the downstream side, the length and thickness of the cavity are larger than that on the upstream side due to larger area of negative pressure. For a large vibration amplitude, alternate variations of the local attack angle change the adverse pressure gradient at the closure of the cavity, and then affect the development of the re-entrant jet, so that the phenomena of local shedding of the cavitation happen, compared with global shedding in the case of no structural vibration. For a frequency larger than 0.05, transverse speed of the vibration is suggested to be a dominant factor in controlling the behavior of the cavitating flow besides the local attack angle, since it causes local cavitating phenomena.     

Fin characteristics of aerator devices with lateral deflectors

The fins will be formed if the lateral deflectors in the side-walls with a bottom aerator device are improperly designed, and the flow regime downstream of the aerator device will be worsened. In this paper, the height and the length of the fins induced by the lateral deflectors are theoretically analyzed along with their influencing factors, and the fin characteristics are experimentally investigated on the basis of the theoretical analysis. It is shown that the intensities of the fins are strongly dependent on the ratio of the lateral cavity length to the bottom cavity length, and other factors, like the working head, the height and the angle of the lateral deflector, the flow Froude number around the aerator device, affect the fins indirectly through the changes of the lateral cavity length. When an aerator device with lateral deflectors is designed, it is crucial to match the above mentioned ratio, and to make the ratio of the two cavity lengths less than 1.0 in order to avoid the generation of the fins.     

大尺寸水工隧洞衬砌物理模型试验系统研制与应用

根据水工隧洞衬砌受力特点,研制出一种新型的大尺寸水工隧洞衬砌模型试验系统。该系统主要由压力筒体、加载系统、测量系统、封水结构组成,其中压力筒体由厚22 mm的Q245R钢板制作,尺寸为Ø3000 mm×L4000 mm,外水压力试验时采用橡胶囊柔性加载方式或衬砌与压力筒体间高压水体直接加载方式,内水压力试验时在隧洞内腔直接采用高压水体加载,动力源由自主设计的伺服控制高压水泵与稳压筒体组成,测量系统由常规检测仪器组合实现,封水结构则由端头涂刷防水胶与双圈橡胶条实施。该模型试验系统在高外水压力、高内水压力作用下的水工隧洞衬砌试验结果表明,所研制的试验系统能满足水工隧洞多种不同边界模型试验要求。