基于船-推耦合模型的喷水推进器水动力性能数值分析

船-推相互作用将对喷水推进器的性能产生显著影响，是喷水推进器优化设计中必须考虑的关键问题。该文以某水面快船-喷水推进器系统为研究对象，基于求解RANS方程和SST k-ω湍流模型，分别采用VOF多相流数值方法和多重参考坐标系(MRF)方法，对喷水推进器的敞水性能及其装船后的自航性能开展数值计算。通过对比不同计算工况下的喷水推进器外特性与内部流动特性，分析并总结了船-推相互作用对喷水推进器性能的影响规律和影响机理，结果表明：喷水推进器装船后，将偏向高流量工况运行，且偏移程度与船体所处的航行状态直接相关；自航时的船体运动姿态还能改善喷水推进器进水流道唇部的流动分离现象，提高喷水推进的总体效率。     

喷水推进船负推力减额机理研究

对喷水推进与船体相互作用研究中发现的中高航速推力减额为负值的机理作出了解释.通过求解雷诺时均方程,考虑船体纵倾与吃水变化,以CFD边界条件模拟喷水推进泵吸水与射流作用,数值计算了喷水推进船模自航条件下的流场.着重研究喷水推进改变船后流动状态与船体航态对推力减额的影响.结果表明,与螺旋桨船显著不同的是,喷水推进器向船后空气中喷水,喷射水流不加速船艉流场,喷水推进进流只在低航速加速船艉流场,船体压阻力增加是低航速推力减额为正的主要原因.中高航速喷水推进吸水破坏船底边界层,船体黏性阻力降低是推力减额为负值的主要原因.作用于进水流道的力及产生的埋艏力矩有减小船体吃水与纵倾的趋势,该趋势在高航速更加明显,本文研究结果表明升力与埋艏力矩作用并非推力减额为负的主要原因.     

应用K─ε湍流模型模拟空腔内热分层流动

本文应用常规Ｋ─ε湍流模型对空腔内的稳态和非稳态热分层流动进行了数值模拟，主要包括以下三方面的工作：１．空腔内恒温强迫对流流动的模拟；２．空腔内稳态热分层流动的模拟；３．空腔内非稳态热分层流动的模拟。计算结果和实验结果进行了比较，说明常规Ｋ─ε模型能较好地模拟热分层流动的平均温度分布，将对该模拟方法进一步应用于工程问题有重要的指导意义。     

不可压湍流流动 K-ε 两方程模型参数辨识

本文提出了不可压湍流流动情况下标准K-ε两方程模型的参数辨识方法，并对轴对称管道流动、二维后向台阶流动、轴对称突扩管道流动下的模型参数进行了参数辨识与分析，得到了一些初步结论：（1）参数辨识方法是确定湍流模型经验参数值的一种有效方法；（2）参数辨识结果受数值计算精度和流动特性影响很大；（3）由于标准K-ε两方程模型本身还有缺陷，因而很难概括出一组对所有分离流动都适用的参数值     

非定常不可压 N-S 方程的一种有效预处理数值方法

本文发展了一非定常不可压流的有效预处理求解方法。应用预处理技术，对不可压N－S方程使用双时间推进法求解。当沿物理时间层推进时，连续性方程和动量方程沿伪时间方向迭代求解。在沿伪时间方向迭代时，设计了一简化的有效标量隐式线（Gauss－Sidel）迭代算法。对流项采用三阶迎几差分法离散，同时对数值通量项进行了预处理。数值分析了预处理对数值解精度和收敛性的影响。对振荡平板的非定常流动及不同Re数下定常、非定常驱动方腔流动的数值模拟结果表明，本文发展的非定常不可压流的预处理求解方法，不但提高了计算效率，而且减小了人工粘性，改善了数值解的精度。     

基于流动声学数值模拟的液压管路消声器设计方法研究

液压系统噪声问题的解决往往依赖于宽频大幅的管路消声器。该文先通过声学数值模拟进行多级串联膨胀回流腔消声器的声道设计与优化，由系列数值模拟确定了消声器关键构型参数（整体内径、内联插管长度以及通径和管口形状）对消声性能的影响规律，并找到了声学优化方案；在此基础上，通过对流体动力声学的进一步数值模拟，计算出初步优选的消声器内部流场及其等效声源场，并将该流动声源场与液压系统等效声源结合，从而计算出消声器的实际消声效果。该文在兼顾流动引起的二次噪声的基础上，优化设计了实际消声效果满足工程需求的消声器，并提出了消声器声道与流道设计先分后合的方法，既能提高效率，又能保证精度。     

三维有自由表面问题的数值模拟研究

本文采用求解三维弱可压流动模型及带浮力修正的Ｋ－ε两方程湍流模型的方法，用有限差分法数值求解，研究了有密度差的污染物在复杂流场中的对流扩散规律。文中给出一种简单而有效的处理自由面边界的方法，并详细地给出一个三维弱可压的流体动力学计算方法，数值计算表明本文的方法能较好地给出自由面的变化规律、流场的非定常过程及预测了污染物的对流扩散规律。     

三岔管内水流流动的数值模拟与实验研究

结合江苏宜兴抽水蓄能电站工程建设中钢岔管的设计要求，对分岔角为64°的三岔管内水流的流动进行数值模拟与实验研究。计算中选择SIMPLE方法求解三维雷诺平均方程和k-ε两方程湍流模型，实验采用数字图像测速(DPIV)系统和在试验段前后断面上安装液体差压计对三岔管中心的水平面内的压强差进行测量。研究结果表明，无论水头损失还是三岔管内水流的流动模式，计算与实验吻合得较好，同时反向双管流动较正向双管流动的能量损失大，在相同的流速情况下，单管流动比双管流动的能量损失大，正向单管比反向单管的能量损失大。     

基于CFD的船-舵水动力干扰数值研究

该文采用基于RANS方程求解的CFD方法,对匀速直航的船-舵系统的黏性绕流场进行数值模拟,计算了不同船速和不同舵角下的船-舵水动力干扰系数,计算中忽略了自由面兴波及螺旋桨的影响。文中以KVLCC1船、舵模型为研究对象,首先将数值计算的船舶水动力及船-舵水动力干扰系数结果与模型试验数据进行比较,验证了所采用数值方法的有效性;随后,对船-舵系统、裸船体和敞水舵分别进行计算,通过水动力计算结果的比较以及流场分析,对船-舵水动力相互作用进行了数值研究。     

同轴三维射流特性研究

在k～ε双方程紊流模型的基础上，结合混合有限分析交错网格法，对同轴三维非浮力射流进行了数值模拟，得到了三维同轴射流的流动特性和浓度分布特性。将计算所得结果与前人的试验资料进行对比，两者的流动特性吻合较好；计算给出的浓度在横断面上的分布图以及在不同流速比下的变化规律与解析解的结果基本一致，进一步验证了数值模型的可靠性，表明建立的紊流数学模型及计算方法是有效的。     

THE NUMERICAL CALCULATION FOR THE STERN FLOW OF THREE DIMENSIONAL SURFACE SHIP WITH MULTI-PRO-PELLERS IN OPERATION

In this paper the complex structure and pattern of ship stern flow driven by multi-propellers is simulated numerically by using RANS equations with K-ε turbulence model and propeller lifting surface theory as essential research tool and coupling the computer code of ship stern flow to the computer code of propeller performance prediction through the medium of body force.A ship model with four propellers is selected as the numerical example.Detailed computational results are presented graphically and the qualitative and quantitative analysis is made. Finally,the comparison between the calculated result and the available experimental data is made.The agreement between them is satisfactory.     

三维定常船尾绕流的不定常数值计算

本文采用有限体积法非正交贴体会标下对求解三维不定常船尾绕流做了进一步的研究，将Ｃａｒｒｔｅｅｉａｎ坐标系下的Ｎ－Ｓ方程和连续方程变换到非正交贴坐标系下的方程，用ＳＩＭＰＬＥＣ方法迭代求解速度和压力耦合的有限差分方程组，最后给出了用该方法计算的ＳＳＰＡ７２０例子。     

船体各种剖面的横摇阻尼与旋涡的形状

本文运用求解N－S方程的手法研究船体的横摇阻尼问题。利用作者原先提出的计算方法，数值模拟船体各种二维横剖面在横摇时的粘性流场。计算结果表明涡的位置与实验结果相当吻合，同时给出了横摇时各种横剖面的剪切应力与压力分布，比较各种不同剖面的旋涡形状可以发现，对于船舯附近的剖面，船体周围有两个涡，而对于船首或船尾附近的剖面，船体周围只有一个涡。利用这一数值模拟结果计算了包括粘性影响的横摇阻尼，计算结果表明横摇阻尼中压力成分比剪切应力成分要大。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF NONLINEAR WAVE FLOW AROUND COCHLEA CHANNELED STERN SHIPS

A nonlinear method based on Gadd's model [1] [2] is developed to simulate the wave flow around cochlea-channeled stern ships. The subsurface division method is capable of dividing the complicated hull into panels and defining the computer simulated 3-D graphs. Good results are obtained and depicted by computer graphs.     

潜艇含指挥台附体区域周围粘性流场的多块耦合计算

本文将作者先期发展的复杂流动场多块耦合计算方法对潜艇含指挥台附体区域周围粘性流场进行了计算，对由于指挥台而造成的潜后体不均匀流场作了较成功的数值模拟，为潜艇后体流场及尾流场的试验研究和理论计算打下了良好的基础。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TRANSIENT FLOW AROUND A SHIP IN UNSTEADY BERTHING MOTION

Ship berthing is a specific maneuver operation. The flow around a berthing ship and the forces acting on the hull are quite different from those for a ship in normal navigation. By solving the unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, the transient flow field around a ship undergoing unsteady lateral motion is simulated and the varying lateral hydrodynamic force acting on the hull is evaluated in this article. The numerical results obtained with different turbulence models are analyzed and compared with experimental results and other numerical results published in literature, and a turbulence model more suitable for simulation of the viscous flow around a ship undergoing unsteady berthing is determined.     

湍流模型在船舶计算流体力学中的适用性研究

采用CFD 技术研究船舶黏性流场,能提供迅速的、准确的和低成本的船舶水动力性能以及全面、精细的流场信息预报结果,将有望成为船舶航行性能预报和优化的主要手段之一.通过总结前人对各种湍流模型在流场计算中的应用研究,对船舶CFD中湍流模型的选择方法进行了讨论.并采用标准k-ε模型、RNG k-ε模型、Realizable k-ε模型、标准k-ω模型及SST k-ω 模型分别对集装箱船、油船和散货船绕流流场进行了数值计算,通过对流场分析及与试验结果比较得到了一些有意义的结论.     

Numerical prediction of hydrodynamic forces on a ship passing through a lock with different configurations简

A CFD method is used to numerically predict the hydrodynamic forces and moments acting on a ship passing through a lock with a constant speed. By solving the RANS equations in combination with the RNG k-e turbulence model, the unsteady viscous flow around the ship is simulated and the hydrodynamic forces and moments acting on the ship are calculated. UDF is com-piled to define the ship motion. Meanwhile, grid regeneration is dealt with by using the dynamic mesh method and sliding interface technique. Under the assumption of low ship speed, the effects of free surface elevation are neglected in the numerical simulation. A bulk carrier ship model is taken as an example for the numerical study. The numerical results are presented and compared with the available experimental results. By analyzing the numerical results obtained for locks with different configurations, the influences of approach wall configuration, lock configuration symmetry and lock chamber breadth on the hydrodynamic forces and moments are demonstrated. The numerical method applied in this paper can qualitatively predict the ship-lock hydrodynamic interaction and pro-vide certain guidance on lock design.     

SIMULATION OF TANK SLOSHING BASED ON OPENFOAM AND COUPLING WITH SHIP MOTIONS IN TIME DOMAIN

Tank sloshing in ship cargo is excited by ship motions, which induces impact load on tank wall and then affects the ship motion. Wave forces acting on ship hull and the retardation function are solved by using three-dimensional frequency domain theory and an impulse response function method based on the potential flow theory, and global ship motion is examined coupling with nonlinear tank sloshing which is simulated by viscous flow theory. Based on the open source Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) development platform Open Field Operation and Manipulation (OpenFOAM), numerical calculation of ship motion coupled with tank sloshing is achieved and the corresponding numerical simulation and validation are carried out. With this method, the interactions of wave, ship body and tank sloshing are completely taken into consideration. This method has quite high efficiency for it takes advantage of potential flow theory for outer flow field and viscous flow theory for inside tank sloshing respectively. The numerical and experimental results of the ship motion agree well with each other.