Multireservoir Flood-Control Optimization with Neural-Based Linear Channel Level Routing Under Tidal Effects

In order to determine the optimal hourly releases from reservoirs under the estuary tidal effects during typhoon periods, this paper develops a generalized multipurpose multireservoir optimization model for basin-scale flood control. The model objectives include: preventing the reservoir dam and the downstream river embankment from overtopping, and meeting reservoir target storage at the end of flood. The model constraints include the reservoir operations and the neural-based linear channel level routing. The proposed channel level routing developed from the feed-forward back-propagation neural network is employed to estimate the downstream water levels. The developed optimization model has been applied to the Tanshui River Basin system in Taiwan. The results obtained by the optimization model, in contrast to historical records, demonstrate successfully the practicability in solving the problem of flood control operations.     

基于MDIP-VIKOR的水库多目标调度方案评价模型

针对水库多目标调度方案优选问题,构建了MDIP-VIKOR评价模型。模型有机地耦合了主客观权重优化技术和VIKOR模型,一方面运用最小鉴别信息原理提高了指标权重的可信度,另一方面运用最大化群体效益和最小化个体损失的评价原理进行评价决策,增强了决策过程的合理性。实例应用结果表明:所建模型有效融合了主客观权重信息,所选出的调度方案追求的是在不降低原防洪标准前提下提高梯级水库的综合效益,具备更高的合理性和更强的执行性,可为水库多目标调度决策提供一种新途径。     

基于库容风险频率曲线的水库群联合防洪调度研究

水库实时防洪调度决策是一类多目标、多阶段、多约束的复杂决策问题,风险分析是实时防洪决策的重要环节和依据,本文提出一种基于防洪库容风险频率曲线的梯级水库群防洪风险共担理论及水库风险-调度-决策理论体系,并结合溪洛渡、向家坝、三峡水库实际情况,运用自主研发的梯级水库群联合防洪调度风险分析模型,分析梯级水库群在汛期不同时段的防洪风险,并将风险率引入实时防洪调度决策,以期为水库群防洪调度提供决策依据,提高联合防洪调度系统综合利用效益。研究表明,实时调度过程中考虑风险率因素能够在保证防洪安全的同时有效提高水库群综合效益,风险-调度-决策理论能够为水库群调度方案优选提供依据。     

Reservoir flood control operation model incorporating multiple uncontrolled water flows

This study presents a weighted pre‐emptive goal programming model formulation for coordinated reservoir operation, with easy inclusion of uncontrolled water flows. The model is combined with a multiple water inflows forecasting model, and can be used for real time reservoir operation. Water flow routing from various upstream sites is accounted by with a single compact equation. Integration of controlled and uncontrolled water flows in the optimization model simplifies the operation model, resulting in accurate computation of the downstream water flow. Multiple objectives with water storage and flow variables are used to derive optimal regulation for a reservoir system under flood conditions. For real time operations, the model can be used to determine optimal water release rates for a current period, on the basis of an optimal water release schedule for an operating horizon (T). The model is applied to the flood control operation of reservoirs in the Narmada River Basin (India), with three controlled and three uncontrolled water flows affecting the downstream flow at Hoshangabad. Reservoir water storage and downstream control point flows are zoned, with prioritized objectives used to derive the optimal water release rates. Model applications to the 1999 flood event in the Narmada River Basin with observed and forecasted inflows illustrates that, if water inflows were known through a forecasting technique well in advance, the coordinated operation of the reservoirs could substantially reduce the peak water flows at the control points. The study also indicates that uncontrolled channel flows at the damage site were sufficiently high to cause flooding at the damage site.     

淮河上游水库群防洪联合调度效果及潜力分析

水库群防洪联合调度效果与潜力分析,对进一步提高水库群防洪效益具有参考价值。以淮河王家坝以上防洪系统为研究对象,以9场历史实测大洪水为样本,采用控制断面的洪防洪效果指数、综合防洪效果指数、极限潜力、优化潜力和综合潜力指数等作为水库群防洪联合调度的效果和潜力评价指标,王家坝以上水库群在现行的防洪调度水平下,对下游班台、息县和王家坝防洪控制断面防洪效果显著,各水库仍具有不同程度的防洪潜力,进一步研究水库群防洪联合调度具有实际意义。     

Effective Optimization-Simulation Model for Flood Control of Cascade Barrage Network

In this study, a novel simulation-optimization model for the optimal flood control of the cascade barrage network was proposed by combining a simulation-based optimization method with a one-dimensional flood numerical analysis method. The simulation-based optimization method determines the optimal operation rules of cascade barrages, including the pre-discharge stage algorithm and the main-discharge stage algorithm for the securement of flood control storage and the establishment of a minimal discharge plan. The optimal operation rules describe the detailed operation process of barrage floodgates including full and partial opening and provide the upper and downstream boundary conditions for the flood numerical analysis method, which evaluate the flood propagation in the river channel between barrages. The proposed model was applied to the flood control of the six-cascade barrage network in the Taedong River, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, and its effectiveness was verified in comparison with a well-known PSO-optimization method. The results show that the proposed model is superior to the existing other method and practically applicable to the flood control in the rivers with cascade barrage network.

     

Multi-objective Decision-Making for the Ecological Operation of Built Reservoirs Based on the Improved Comprehensive Fuzzy Evaluation Method

With the social progress and economic development, people have put forward requirements for the ecological operation of built reservoirs. However, there are conflicts between the ecological landscape and the existing benefits such as irrigation and flood control, so it is necessary to build a decision-making model for the comprehensive value of the ecological operation of reservoirs. Taking a reservoir project which needs to satisfy multi-objective requirements as an example, this paper proposes a set of decision-making methods for ecological operation of built reservoirs based on improved comprehensive fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and constructs a multi-objective decision-making model and optimization strategy combination. Through case analysis in this paper, the improved comprehensive fuzzy evaluation method has a good effect on multi-objective decision-making of ecological dispatching of built reservoirs. The research shows that the combination strategy of improving the reservoir’s water storage capacity and the water-saving supporting transformation measures has a good effect, which can reduce the waste of the reservoir diversion project and large-scale high-efficiency water-saving transformation project construction. It embodies the idea of water-saving priorities and space balance and has broad application prospects in the optimization of reservoir ecological dispatch.

     

长江上游水库群非线性安全度防洪调度策略

以长江上游水库群(溪洛渡、向家坝、紫坪铺、瀑布沟、亭子口)为研究对象,提出了长江上游水库群联合防洪调度系统非线性安全度策略,构建水库群防洪库容优化分配模型,深入探讨水库群系统非线性安全度策略的防洪效果。结果表明,与线性安全度策略相比,非线性安全度策略在不降低对下游防洪效果的基础上,通过增加使用其他水库的防洪库容,以减小使用溪洛渡水库的防洪库容,使得各水库防洪库容的使用相对均衡,使各水库均衡地分摊防洪区域的防洪风险,充分发挥水库群的防洪效益,保障水库群系统稳定安全运行。     

乌江流域防洪调度问题及其对策研究

乌江流域思南县城、沿河县城、彭水县城等防护对象堤防建设的实际防洪能力低于规划标准,而且由于受上游水库的下泄和下游水库水位顶托的双重影响,导致流域的整体防洪能力不足。为了使上述3县城的堤防建设达到防洪设计标准,对乌江流域防洪调度现状和存在的问题进行了分析研究,在此基础上,建立了梯级水库联合防洪调度模型和水库回水计算模型。以彭水县城为例,运用上述两种模型进行了模拟计算分析,根据分析结果,提出了防洪调度措施、不承担防洪任务水库应急调度以及应急转移等一些应对措施,可为乌江流域防洪调度提供技术支撑和决策参考。     

Optimal Allocation of Flood Control Capacity for Multi-Reservoir Systems Using Multi-Objective Optimization Approach

Operation of multi-reservoir systems during flood periods is of great importance in the field of water resources management. This paper proposes a multi-objective optimization model with new formulation for optimal operation of multi-reservoir systems. In this model, the release rate and the flood control capacity of each reservoir is considered as decision variable and the resulting nonlinear non-convex multi-objective optimization problem is solved with ε-constraint method through the mixed integer linear programming (MILP). Objective functions of the model are minimizing the flood damage at downstream sites and the loss of hydropower generation. The developed model is used to determine optimal operating strategies for Karkheh multi-reservoir system in southwestern Iran. For this purpose, the model is executed in two scenarios based on “two-reservoir” and “six-reservoir” systems and for floods with return periods of 25 and 50 years. The results show that in two-reservoir system, flood damage is at least about 114 million dollars and cannot be mitigated any further no matter how hydropower generation is managed. But, in the case of developing all six reservoirs, optimal strategies of coordinated operation can mitigate and even fully prevent flood damage.     

基于PSO的梯级水库联合防洪调度

在分析梯级水库联合防洪调度、上下游水库及防洪保护对象之间复杂的水文水力联系和水库群对防洪保护对象防洪补偿调度方式的基础上,建立了梯级水库联合防洪补偿调度模型,并提出了一种基于粒子群算法的模型求解方法。以湖南省资水流域上柘溪与金塘冲水库为例,根据不同典型年的地区洪水组合,通过模型求解拟定了梯级水库联合补偿调度原则。分析研究结果表明,这种基于PSO的梯级水库联合防洪调度原则是合理的,该模型能在一定程度上简化梯级水库联合防洪补偿调度的复杂性,为解决梯级水库联合防洪补偿调度提供了一条简洁有效的途径。     

三峡水库运行期设计洪水及汛控水位初探

考虑长江上游水库群调蓄对三峡水库设计洪水的影响,采用最可能组成法和典型年法推求干支流控制站洪水的地区组成,构建多输入单输出(MISO)系统模型模拟向家坝至三峡水库未控区间的洪水过程,研究探讨三峡水库运行期设计洪水及汛期防洪控制水位(汛控水位)。结果表明:长江上游干支流梯级水库的调蓄作用对三峡水库设计洪水影响显著;三峡运行期千年一遇设计洪峰流量为81 136 m3/s,3、7、15和30 d洪量分别为188.2、386.3、727.4和1320.9亿m3,相比建设期设计值分别削减了18.2%、23.8%、20.6%、20.2%和16.9%;在不降低防洪标准的前提下,三峡水库运行期汛控水位(155 m)比建设期汛限水位(145 m)抬高了10 m,这不仅有利于库区航运、维护库岸稳定、保护消落区生态环境,还可增发电量、减少蓄水期对洞庭湖和鄱阳湖的影响,经济社会和生态环境效益巨大。     

苗家坝-碧口梯级水库汛期水位动态控制研究

本文将单一水库预泄能力约束法,推广到梯级水库汛期水位动态控制中,并建立了梯级水库汛期水位联合运用和动态控制模型,假定预报信息准确,在不降低下游保护对象的防洪标准的前提下,最大限度发挥梯级水库的兴利效益。以苗家坝、碧口水库为对象进行了实时调度模拟,其结果相比于原设计汛限水位动态控制方案,减少了弃水,且保证最大出库流量均在可控范围内,达到在不降低防洪标准的前提下提高梯级水库兴利效益的目的,大大提高了洪水资源利用率。     

水电站水库群防洪补偿联合调度模型研究及应用

针对具有下游防洪任务的水电站水库群，提出基于预报及库容补偿的水库群防洪补偿联合调度逐次渐进协调模型，推求水库汛期防洪库容动态控制方案。该模型运用了大系统分解协调理论及贝尔曼的逐步逼近思想，以各水库为独立的子系统建立3层递阶结构，针对库间水力、电力联系及防洪库容限制等复杂的约束条件进行不同层次的协调。模型经过多次迭代计算，得到最佳的水库群防洪库容协调方案。该模型应用于清江流域梯级水库，计算结果表明，在不降低水库及梯级原有的防洪标准前提下，能有效利用上游水布垭水库的防洪库容，分担隔河岩水库部分防洪任务，并显著提高梯级水库发电量。     

水电站水库防洪优化调度的模型与方法

水库防洪调度是一种确保水库及下游安全的控制运行方法，通过建立水电站水库优化调度模型，利用动态规划方法，可以计算单一水库或者梯级水电站群的最优调度方案，从而确保水库工程安全，有效利用防洪库容拦蓄洪水，削减洪峰，减免洪水灾害，充分发挥水库的综合效益。通过建立水库防洪调度的数学模型，利用动态规划方法对单一水电站水库的防洪调度进行了研究。     

大系统分解协调在库群防洪优化调度中的应用

文章介绍了大系统分解协调理论,建立了串联、并联库群水库防洪优化调度模型.以澧水流域并联系统为例进行了优化调度计算,并以常规调度方案成果进行了分析比较论证.     

复杂防洪系统优化调度的三层并行逐步优化算法

逐步优化算法（POA）在求解水库群防洪优化调度问题方面,应用广泛且较为有效。但是随着水库数量的增加和计及洪水演进、干支流汇入等因素,该算法求解复杂防洪系统调度的效率降低。本文在POA算法基础上,引入莱维飞行更新策略、模式搜索法以及并行技术,提出了三层并行POA算法（TPPOA）,并应用于赣江中下游复杂防洪系统的防洪优化调度中。结果表明,相较常规防洪调度规则和POA算法,TPPOA获得的调度策略可以有效降低下游防洪控制点洪峰流量,减轻下游防洪压力。此外,在6核心CPU计算机下,TPPOA计算速度约为POA算法的3~7倍,计算速度更快。本文为复杂防洪系统的优化调度提供了一种新的方法。     

双库连通水库调洪演算的方法研究

该文以合肥市杜集水库为例,分析和研究双库连通水库受下游河道影响的调洪演算的理论方法,通过建立双库连通水库计算模型进行调洪演算;计算结果表明,该方法理论合理,操作性强,成果可靠,可应用于双库连通水库的防洪调度和调洪演算。     

A Multi-Objective Optimization Model for Coordinated Regulation of Flow and Sediment in Cascade Reservoirs

This paper presents a multi-objective optimization model for the coordinated regulation of flow and sediment in cascade reservoirs. The model was developed to address two contradicting issues: sediment trapping and flow regulation. The benefits of flood control, hydropower generation and navigation, and sedimentation in cascade reservoirs were considered as the target functions; then the corresponding submodels for reservoir operation and sediment computation were established. The model was implemented by reducing it to a single objective nonlinear model using the constraint method. Non-inferior solutions were obtained by solving the model with catfish effect particle swarm optimization algorithm. The model was applied to the cascade system of Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba reservoirs in the lower Jinsha River in the flood recession period. Under the safety of flood control and navigation, a non-inferior set for impounding time, power generation, and siltation-loss rate of capacity was obtained and optimal solutions with different weights were derived. The results demonstrate that the model is a useful tool in coordinated operations of cascade reservoirs.     

水库防洪调度分段试算法及应用

分析水库防洪优化调度最大削峰目标函数的物理意义,给出最大削峰准则在防洪库容约束下的解析最优解.根据水库防洪优化调度模型解的结构,提出逐步引入约束条件分段试算求解方法.分段试算法的实例研究以及分段试算法与动态规划法的对比研究结果表明:分段试算法能在不增加附加约束的条件下有效避免水量优化问题多解的难题,得到具有可操作性的最优解,并比动态规划法具有更高的计算速度.