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地下滴灌条件下水热运移数学模型与验证 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
基于土壤水、热运动基本方程,结合地下滴灌水分运动特点,建立了地下滴灌水热运移数学模型。利用HYDRUS-2D软件对模型进行了求解,并用田间实测数据进行验证。模拟和验证结果表明,模型对地下滴灌条件下的土壤水分和土壤温度运移变化动态的模拟效果较好,该水热运移数学模型可以用来监测和调控作物生长所需的土壤水、热环境条件。模拟值和实测值的结果对比表明,上层土壤的水分和温度的模拟值较下层土壤值差异较明显,且数值波动大,主要原因是上层土壤易受到土壤蒸发和大气温度剧烈波动的影响。 相似文献
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在土壤根区水分运动规律的研究中,通常以土壤水热耦合模型来定量描述和预测土壤水分变化规律,以根系吸水模型来模拟作物根区根系吸水机理及过程。西藏高寒地区低压低氧、强辐射、近地层冷热交换频繁,加之土层稀薄,浅层土壤水转化过程复杂,作物生长受水热胁迫影响较为明显,作物根区的水热耦合作用对根系吸水及能量传输和物质运移影响显著。为了进一步探求西藏地区特殊水热条件下的根区水热运移机理,摸清西藏高寒区作物根系吸水规律,就国内外土壤水热耦合模型和根系吸水模型的相关研究做了综述,针对西藏地区特有的水热条件,建议将水热耦合模型与根系吸水模型结合应用,构建考虑水热耦合因素的根系吸水模型,以更好地适应当地实际,揭示根系土壤水分运动规律。 相似文献
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冬小麦生长与土壤-植物-大气连续体水热运移的耦合研究Ⅰ:模型 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
本文开展了冬小麦生长与土壤-植物-大气连续体(简称SPAC)水热运移的耦合研究,建立了可以同时动态模拟冬小麦生长过程与SPAC水热运移过程的动力学模型-WheatSPAC模型。模型中,采用有限元差分格式进行土壤水热运移的数值模拟;采用双层模型进行冠层水热运移的模拟;采用改进的Feddes根系吸水模型及负指数分布形式的根系密度模型,实现土壤与冠层的耦合;通过生育阶段、干物质生产、干物质分配等过程的模拟,建立了冬小麦生长的机理性模型;通过对冬小麦叶面积指数、株高、根系分布的模拟,实现冬小麦生长与SPAC水热运移的耦合。 相似文献
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冻土理论研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为梳理冻土理论在工程领域的研究进展,在总结前人研究成果的基础上,系统地总结了冻土理论下的冻土力学研究进展,冻土在动力作用下性状的研究进展,冻土的冻融研究进展,冻土水、热、力耦合机理研究;其中冻土的冻融研究进展中着重总结梳理了土体冻胀、融沉以及冻融循环对土体物理力学性质影响的研究思路。针对冻土水、热、力耦合机理研究,深入探讨了冻土水迁移理论、冻土温度场以及冻土三场耦合研究现状。最后,结合前人的研究成果,给出了进一步研究的方向:将理论研究和试验研究相结合,反复模拟出最贴近真实情况的冻土破坏机理;研究冻融或反复冻融条件下工程地质灾害情况,考虑运用三场或多场耦合原理模拟地质灾害最不利工况,用以指导实践。研究所得结果为冻土理论的继续研究提供思路,为寒区工程设计和施工提供参考经验。 相似文献
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张红梅 《水利水电科技进展》2004,(S1):108-110
综述近年来土壤中溶质运移的机理、溶质的吸附模型和溶质运移数学模型等方面的研究现状,并在现有数学模型的基础上,探讨了这些模型目前需要解决的问题及未来发展趋势. 相似文献
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基于长江中游四大家鱼发江量历次调查数据,采用宜昌站作为长江中游水文情势变化分析的控制站,基于其1900~2004年共105年的日径流资料,采用每年5~6月涨水过程数、总涨水日数、平均每次涨水过程日数等3项生态水文指标,分析了四大家鱼发江量与3项生态水文因子的变化关系,认为产卵场所处江段每年5~6月的总涨水日数是决定家鱼苗发江量多寡的一个重要环境因子。根据IHA方法,对宜昌站105年来的生态水文指标分析表明,长江宜昌站生态水文过程的改变并不明显,5~6月总涨水日数变化趋势不显著,显示长江中游影响四大家鱼苗发江量的生态流量过程改变不明显,与前人得出的葛洲坝枢纽修建后四大家鱼的产卵条件和卵苗江汛规律没有变化这一认识一致。但是,随着三峡水库的运行,下游河道的生态环境流量过程会有较大改变,本文建议三峡水库的调控以保障长江中游每年5~6月的总涨水日数维持在22.1±7.2范围内为生态水文目标,即可从生态环境流量过程方面补偿水利工程对中游四大家鱼鱼苗发江量的影响。 相似文献
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Growth,Reproduction, Mortality,Distribution, and Biomass of Freshwater Drum in Lake Erie 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Michael T. Bur 《Journal of Great Lakes research》1984,10(1):48-58
Predominant age-groups in the Lake Erie freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens population were 3, 4, and 5 as determined from gill net, trap net, bottom trawl, and midwater trawl samples. Age and growth calculations indicated that females grew faster than males. However, the length-weight relation did not differ between sexes and was described by the equation: log W = ?5.4383 + 3.1987 log L. Some males became sexually mature at age 2 and all were mature by age 6. Females matured 1 year later than males. Three sizes of eggs were present in ovaries; the average total number was 127,000 per female for 20 females over a length range of 270 to 478 mm. Seasonal analysis of the ovary-body weight ratio indicated that spawning extended from June to August. A total annual mortality rate of 49% for drum aged 4 through 11 was derived from catch-curve analysis. Freshwater drum were widely distributed throughout Lake Erie in 1977–1979, the greatest concentration being in the western basin. They moved into warm, shallow water (less than 10 m deep) during summer, and returned to deeper water in late fall. Summer biomass estimates for the western basin, based on systematic surveys with bottom trawls, were 9,545 t in 1977 and 2,333 t in 1978. 相似文献
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结合潮州供水枢纽地质条件及枢纽的特点,介绍了潮州供水枢纽西溪拦河水闸变形系统的布置、监测技术及数据处理方法。 相似文献
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"四荒"资源是一种闲置不动的集体资产,具有巨大开发潜力和价值。本文阐述了东辽县安恕镇科学开发"四荒"资源的有效途径,其开发发展模式为生态环境建设和农业良性可持续发展提供了很好的经验。 相似文献
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Survival,Growth, and Movement of Subadult Humpback Chub,Gila Cypha,in the Little Colorado River,Arizona 下载免费PDF全文
Ecologists estimate vital rates, such as growth and survival, to better understand population dynamics and identify sensitive life history parameters for species or populations of concern. Here, we assess spatiotemporal variation in growth, movement, density, and survival of subadult humpback chub living in the Little Colorado River, Grand Canyon, AZ from 2001–2002 and 2009–2013. We divided the Little Colorado River into three reaches and used a multistate mark‐recapture model to determine rates of movement and differences in survival and density between sites for different cohorts. Additionally, site‐specific and year‐specific effects on growth were evaluated using a linear model. Results indicate that summer growth was higher for upstream sites compared with downstream sites. In contrast, there was not a consistent spatial pattern across years in winter growth; however, river‐wide winter growth was negatively related to the duration of floods from 1 October to 15 May. Apparent survival was estimated to be lower at the most downstream site compared with the upstream sites; however, this could be because in part of increased emigration into the Colorado River at downstream sites. Furthermore, the 2010 cohort (i.e. fish that are age 1 in 2010) exhibited high apparent survival relative to other years. Movement between reaches varied with year, and some years exhibited preferential upstream displacement. Improving understanding of spatiotemporal effects on age 1 humpback chub survival can help inform current management efforts to translocate humpback chub into new locations and give us a better understanding of the factors that may limit this tributary's carrying capacity for humpback chub. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. 相似文献