脱氢枞氧基聚氧乙烯缩水甘油醚接枝羟乙基壳聚糖制备及其表面活性

脱氢枞醇聚氧乙烯（5）醚(DA（EO） ₅H)在BF₃·乙醚催化下与环氧氯丙烷缩合后，再在NaOH存在下使生成的缩合产物进行分子内脱氯化氢，得到脱氢枞氧基聚氧乙烯（5）缩水甘油醚(DA（EO） ₅GE)；然后通过DA（EO） ₅GE与水溶性羟乙基壳聚糖（HECTS）间的亲核加成反应，得到以氢化菲环为主要亲油基、HECTS为主要亲水基和聚氧乙烯链为辅助亲水亲油结构的高分子表面活性剂DA（EO） ₅GE接枝HECTS(DA（EO） ₅GE-g-HECTS)。用FT-IR、¹H NMR和UV-Vis表征了接枝产物结构，元素分析法测定了其接枝度（DG），表面张力法和乳液稳定时间法分别研究了产物的表面活性和乳化能力。结果表明：利用不同原料比，可以制备得到具有不同接枝度的DA（EO） ₅GE-g-HECTS。当DA（EO） ₅GE-g-HECTS的DG从12.98 %增加至31.73%时，其临界胶束浓度...     

脱氢枞酸的单离及其季铵盐表面活性剂合成

采用胺化结晶法单离脱氢枞酸,并以纯化后脱氢枞酸、三乙胺、环氧氯丙烷为原料,常规加热制备脱氢枞基季铵盐表面活性剂N-(3-脱氢枞酸酰氧-2-羟)丙基-N,N,N-三乙基氯化铵。通过单因素实验与正交实验考察了反应温度、n(脱氢枞酸)∶n(三乙胺)∶n(环氧氯丙烷)、反应时间对酯化率的影响,并对产物结构进行FT-IR表征。结果显示,当反应温度=115℃,n(脱氢枞酸)∶n(三乙胺)∶n(环氧氯丙烷)=0.7∶1∶1,反应时间为3h时,酯化率达到97.6%。将产物进行一系列测试,其表面张力为38.02mN/m,临界胶束参数为0.001mol/L,HLB值为8~10,乳化力为48h,泡沫力14cm,泡沫稳定性2cm。     

以( )-脱氢枞胺为原料合成( )-弥罗松酚

报道了以(+)-脱氢枞胺为起始原料,通过两条路线合成生物活性的二萜化合物(+)-弥罗松酚。路线(1):(+)-脱氢枞胺在羟氨-O-磺酸和氢氧化钠作用下还原脱氨生成脱氢松香烷,再经Friedele-Crafts乙酰化、BaeyerVilliger氧化、水解生成(+)-弥罗松酚,总产率29.5%。路线(2):(+)-脱氢枞胺还原脱氨,然后与过氧化邻苯二甲酰反应得到(+)-弥罗松酚,总产率31.9%。     

松香-壳聚糖基梳型离子型高分子表面活性剂的制备及性能研究(摘要)

<正>以脱氢枞胺为原料首次合成了3-氯-2-羟丙基脱氢枞基氯化铵(CHPDMDHA)和烯丙基二甲基脱氢枞基氯化铵(ADMDHA),并创新提出以CHPDMDHA和ADMDHA作为活性季铵盐对壳低聚糖(LWCTSs)、N-羧甲基壳聚糖(N-CMC)、N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖(N,O-CMC)、N-羧乙基壳聚糖(N-CEC)和N,O-羧乙基壳聚糖(N,O-CEC)进行改性,分别得到了CHPDMDHA接枝壳低聚糖(CHPDMDHA-g-LWCTSs)、CHPDMDHA接枝羧烷基壳聚糖(CHPDMDHA-g-CACTSs)、ADMDHA接枝壳低聚糖(ADMDHA-g-LWCTSs)和ADMDHA接枝羧烷基壳聚糖(ADMDHA-g-CACTSs)等4个系列松香改性壳聚糖类梳型高分子表面活性剂。采用FT-IR、NMR、元素分析等手段表征了产物结构,并研究了所合成化合物的     

(3-脱氢枞酰氧基-2-羟基)丙基三甲基氯化铵的合成及其表面活性

通过脱氢枞酸钠(DHANa)和3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(CTA)反应,以制备(3-脱氢枞酰氧基-2-羟基)丙基三甲基氯化铵(DHAHPTMC),考察了溶剂类型、反应温度和时间及物料比对产物收率的影响,用FTIR和~1H NMR表征了产物结构,表面张力法研究了产物的表面活性。实验结果表明,当CTA与DHANa物质的量比为3.0,异戊醇为反应溶剂,在回流条件下反应12.0h,DHAHPTMC的收率可达82%;研究结果还表明,DHAHPTMC的临界胶束浓度(cmc)为4.25×10~(-3)mol/L,cmc时对应的表面张力(γ_(cmc))为38.62 mN/m,能够实现的最低表面张力(γ_(min))在36.6mN/m左右。     

脱氢枞酸(β-丙烯酰氧基乙基)酯的合成和表征

以脱氢枞酸为原料,以草酰氯为酰基化试剂(摩尔比1∶1),先合成脱氢枞酸酰氯,然后再与丙烯酸-β-羟基乙基酯酯化(摩尔比1∶1),合成脱氢枞酸(β-丙烯酰氧基乙基)酯,得率75%,质量分数98.5%。用FTIR、GC-MS、13CNMR和DSC对其结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明,脱氢枞酸(β-丙烯酰氧基乙基)酯是一种熔点为59~61℃的白色晶体,在引发剂的存在下,可以发生聚合反应,均聚物玻璃化转变温度约为54.2℃。     

含松香骨架甜菜碱类两性表面活性剂的合成

以脱氢枞酸为原料,合成了3种新型含松香骨架的甜菜碱类表面活性剂:N-(2-脱氢枞酰氧基)乙基-N,N-二甲基羧甲基甜菜碱,N-(2-脱氢枞酰氧基)乙基-N,N-二甲基磺丙基甜菜碱和N-(2-脱氢枞酰氧基)乙基-N,N-二甲基磷酸酯甜菜碱。通过红外和核磁共振氢谱对产物结构进行表征,3种甜菜碱cmc分别为3.16 mmol.L-1、3.01 mmol.L-1和2.56 mmol.L-1,此时表面张力分别为31.91 mN.m-1、33.20 mN.m-1和25.79 mN.m-1,说明3种甜菜碱具有好的表面活性。     

脱氢枞酸缩水甘油酯壳低聚糖非离子表面活性剂的合成研究

以壳聚糖降解后的壳低聚糖和脱氢枞酸缩水甘油酯为原料,经加成反应制备(2-羟基-3-脱氢枞酰氧基)丙基壳低聚糖,通过FT-IR及~1HNMR,对目标产物进行了结构表征,并对其表面活性、乳化性及泡沫性进行测定。     

超声波协同反应-结晶耦合单离脱氢枞酸

以歧化松香和2-乙醇胺为原料、乙醇为溶剂、超声波协同反应-结晶制备脱氢枞酸乙醇胺盐,经萃取、结晶、重结晶、酸化制得脱氢枞酸。通过正交优化实验,考察了溶剂浓度、反应温度、反应时间、超声波功率、搅拌转速对脱氢枞酸收率的影响,确定最佳单离条件为：反应时间50 min,反应温度35℃,超声波功率500 W,溶剂浓度50%,搅拌转速400 r&#8226;min^-1,在该操作条件下脱氢枞酸的收率达55.37%,纯度达99.53％。并探讨了脱氢枞酸胺化反应-结晶过程相态变化对反应平衡和选择性的影响,当反应温度分别为35℃和70℃时,胺化反应是在非均相和均相下进行,所得脱氢枞酸产品的纯度为99.53%和95.66%。采用GC、GC-MS、元素分析、UV、FT-IR、熔点仪和旋光仪对脱氢枞酸产品进行了分析鉴定,实验值与文献值吻合。     

多功能冷采剂的制备及性能评价

研究了一种新型的具有低表面张力、改善原油流动性和清洗解除采油通道堵塞等多种功能的冷采剂,冷采剂主要成分为混苯-水-表面活性剂形成的乳液,用粒径、表面张力、水润接触角、静态分散率、破乳时间等因素考察了冷采剂的性能。结果表明,较好的3#配方平均粒径为7.860μm,表面张力平衡值在31 mN/m左右,接触角在使用浓度为250 mg/L时达到近60°,静态分散率可达到79.49%,破乳时间为6.3 min。同时采用稳定性分析仪表征乳液稳定性,包括分散性、散射光光通量、稳定性指数,结果显示较好的3#配方分散性指数为0.059 9,散射光光通量随时间变化较慢,稳定性指数随时间变化较小。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.