Ti3AlC2的制备与微观结构

热压烧结不同原料制备Ti3AlC2,结果表明热压烧结Ti,Al,C原始粉很难得到高纯致密的Ti3AlC2.当以TiC代替C和部分Ti,并掺加摩尔比为0.1～0.2的Si时,可以得到致密的单相材料.掺加的Si均匀分布在基体中,形成固溶体Ti2.76Al078Si0.22C2.烧结试样的晶体为层片状结构,1 300℃和1 400℃烧结试样的晶粒尺寸分别为6～8 μm和15～20 μm.材料的vicker硬度为3.3～5.0 GPa,弹性模量为289GPa,抗压强度为785 MPa,抗弯强度为375 MPa,断裂韧性为7.0 MPa·m1/2.     

热压烧结Ti3SiC2材料的性能研究

热压烧结摩尔比为2TiC/Ti/Si/0.2A1的混合粉末制备的含铝Ti3SiC2材料的力学性能、电性能、热性能和高温氧化性能得到了研究.试样的抗压强度、弯曲强度、断裂韧性和维氏硬度分别为854MPa、420MPa、5.8MPa·m1/2和3.5～5.0GPa;25℃和800℃时的电导率分别为4.3×103和1.0×106 S·m-1;热膨胀系数为9.0×10-6 K-1.固溶在基体中的Al改变了材料的氧化机理,氧化过程中Al的向外扩散代替了Ti的向外扩散,并在表面形成致密的以α-Al2O3为主要成分的氧化膜,提高了材料的抗氧化性能.     

放电等离子烧结工艺合成Ti3SiC2的研究

以元素单质粉为原料，当原料配比为n(Ti):n(Si):n(Al):n(C)=3:(1.2-x):x:2，其中：x=0.05-0.2时，在1200－1250℃温度下经放电等离子烧结成功制备了高纯、致密Ti3SiC2固溶体材料。原料中掺加适量Al能改善Ti3SiC2的合成反应并提高制备材料的纯度。当x=0.2时，所合成的固溶体形貌为板状结晶，分子式近似为Ti3Si0.8Al0.2C2，晶格参数a=0.3069nm,c=1.767nm。在1250℃温度下烧结，得到平均厚度达5μm，发育完善均匀的致密多晶体材料。材料Vickers硬度为3.5-5.5GPa，具有与石墨相似的加工性能。     

热压工艺制备高纯致密Ti3AlC2材料

原料配比为n(TiC)：n(Ti)：n(Al)：n(Si)=2：1：1：0．2的起始混合粉料在1300--1500℃温度下，30MPa压力下热压2h制得高纯致密Ti3AlC2块体材料。添加适量硅作助剂显加快Ti3AlC2的反应合成，使Ti3AlC2在1200℃的温度下大量生成，能谱仪分析表明Si在材料中均匀分布。1300℃和1400℃烧结所得Ti3AlC2颗粒均呈六方板状结晶形貌，其在平面内尺寸大小分别为3～6μm和10～20μm。     

无机凝胶剂发泡注凝制备泡沫陶瓷的研究

采用常温搅拌发泡、凝胶注凝成形工艺,以磷酸二氢铝作为凝胶剂、以OP-10作为发泡剂,多晶氧化铝纤维作为增强剂,制备了轻质多孔高铝耐火材料。研究结果表明,随着Al(OH)3用量的增加,坯体的抗压强度不断增大,P/A1摩尔比为3∶2.35时坯体抗压强度能达到2.76MPa。烧结后,P/A1摩尔比为3∶2.01时试样的抗压强度能达到5.21MPa,Al(OH)3用量超过15%后抗压强度减小。试样的开孔隙率为74.92~79.35%,体积密度(Db)为0.494~0.663g/cm3。试样的导热系数约为0.082~0.119W/(m·k)。     

新型负载型硅/镁复合Z-N催化剂的制备及其催化1-丁烯聚合

采用9,9-双(甲氧基甲基)芴为内给电子体,制备了高效新型负载型硅/镁复合Ziegler-Natta催化剂。考察了助催化剂烷基铝用量、聚合温度、外给电子体种类及用量,以及H2加入量等对该催化剂催化1-丁烯聚合活性及产品性能的影响。结果表明:当催化剂复合载体中镁的质量分数为15.0%,n(Al)∶n(Ti)为30,反应温度为30℃时,催化剂活性达最大,为76.9 g/(g·h);当外给电子体二环戊基二甲氧基硅烷与Ti的摩尔比为4时,聚1-丁烯等规指数最大,为97.8%;当n(Si)∶n(Ti)为1,H_2用量为2 mL时,催化剂活性为65.2 g/(g·h),显示出很好的氢调性能。     

烧结工艺对Ti/Al2O3复合材料性能的影响

利用放电等离子烧结技术探讨了烧结工艺对40%(体积分数)Ti/Al2O3复合材料性能的影响。实验结果表明,复合材料的性能受烧结温度的影响最为显著,过度延长保温时间会使晶粒发生异常长大,材料性能降低。烧结温度1300℃,保温时间8min制备的复合材料力学性能最佳,其弯曲强度、断裂韧性、显微硬度和相对密度分别为1002.22MPa,19.73MPa·m1/2,18.14GPa和99.74%。     

三元层状氮化物Ti_4AlN_3材料的合成及微观结构研究

以Ti、Al、TiN粉为原料,采用热压烧结工艺在1400 ℃合成了含少量TiN和Al_3Ti的Ti_4AlN_3块体材料,分别研究了不同原料配比、烧结温度及合成时间下烧结试样的相组成.混合粉Ti/1.2Al/3TiN在1400 ℃下保温2 h所得烧结试样经背散射电子像结合EDS能谱分析,证实成功合成了Ti_4AlN_3材料.烧结试样晶粒尺寸为5～10 μm,晶体呈层状或板状结构,结晶良好,结构致密.相对密度达到99.3%,维氏硬度及电导率分别为3.9～5.1 GPa和1.2×10~6 Ω~(-1)·m~(-1),表明其具有优良的机械加工及导电性能.     

热压合成Ti3Si0.9Al0.3C1.95固溶体材料

以单质的Ti,Si,Al粉和石墨粉为原料,用热压烧结法原位合成了单一相的Ti3Si0.9Al0.3C1.95层间固溶体材料.研究了合成温度和原料配比对合成产物相组成的影响,并对Ti3Si0.9Al0.3C1.95晶粒的超结构现象及其转变进行了讨论.结果表明:合成单一相Ti3Si0.9Al0.3C1.95固溶体的最佳原料摩尔配比为该相理论配比,相应的最佳热压烧结温度为1 600℃.Ti3Si0.9Al0.3C1.95晶粒具有与Ti3SiC2类似的板状晶外形,但各个晶面的X射线衍射(X-raydiffraction,XRD)峰的2θ与Ti3SiC2相比向小角度方向偏移.块体材料中Ti3Si0.9Al0.3C1.95晶粒的Si(Al)原子层存在原子无序排列的超结构现象,其XRD谱中没有或只有微弱的(OOI)晶面的衍射峰存在,但取自于同一块材料的粉末,其晶粒的Si(Al)原子层发生有序化转变,超结构现象消失.     

新型复合絮凝剂在轧制乳化油废水处理中的应用

制备了不同Al∶Si、Fe∶Si和(Al Fe)∶Si摩尔比的聚硅酸金属盐系列絮凝剂:聚硅氯化铝(PASC)、聚硅硫酸铁(PFSS)和聚硅硫酸铁氯化铝(PFASC),实验考察了成分摩尔比、废水pH值、絮凝剂投加量对除油效果的影响。结果表明:金属与硅的摩尔比对除油效率有较大的影响,最佳摩尔比为:n(Al)∶n(Si)=3∶1、n(Fe)∶n(Si)=2∶1和n(Al Fe)∶n(Si)=4∶1;废水pH值为4~10时,处理效果都较好;随着投药量的增加,油的去除率增加,PASC、PFSS和PFAS适宜的投药量(以金属离子浓度计)分别为:900mg.L-1、1100mg.L-1、800mg.L-1。用它们来处理实际废水时,效果很好,残余油量低于国家排放标准。     

Full characterization for material constants of a promising KNN-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramic

Potassium-sodium niobate (K_1-xNa_xNbO₃, referred to as KNN) solid solutions, which are an important type of lead-free piezoelectric materials possessing environmentally friendly features, good piezoelectric response and high Curie temperature, have attracted considerable attention in replacing lead-based ceramics. In order to promote the application of KNN-based ceramics in piezoelectric devices, we characterized a complete set of material constants of a high performance KNN-based ceramic, that is 0.965(K_0.48Na_0.52) (Nb_0.96Sb_0.04)O₃-0.035Bi_0.5Na_0.5Zr_0.15Hf_0.75O₃ (KNNS-BNZH), whose Curie temperature is 235 °C, piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃ is 380 pC/N and electromechanical coupling factor k₃₃ is 70%. These results will benefit the design of piezoelectric transducers and actuators using lead-free piezoelectric ceramics.     

Mechanical,dielectric, and thermal properties of fluorosilicone rubber composites filled with silica/multiwall carbon nanotube hybrid fillers

In this work, hybrid fillers consist of modified silica (SiO₂) and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) were used to improve the mechanical, dielectric, and thermal properties of fluorosilicone (FSR) composites via a direct mechanical mixing method. With the increase of CNT loading in SiO₂/CNT hybrid loading ratio, the tensile properties, dielectric constant, electrical conductivity, and thermal properties all increase without a sharp sacrifice of flexibility. The dielectric constant of FSR-S15/C5 achieved 7,370 @1 kHz, which is about four orders of the FSR-S20, and the dielectric loss remains as low as 0.676 @1 kHz. Therefore, the linkage of SiO₂ and FSR chains not only enhances the interfacial interaction between the fillers and FSR matrix but also decreases the agglomeration of the fillers in matrix. What is more, modified SiO₂ and CNT were designed as the effective hybrid filler to improve the performance of the polymeric matrix through synergic effect.     

Investigation of dielectric and piezoelectric properties in aliovalent Eu3+-modified Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 ceramics

Rare earth (Eu³⁺)-modified Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-PbTiO₃ (PMN-PT) polycrystalline ferroelectric ceramics were fabricated by high-temperature solid-state sintering, the phase structure, dielectric and piezoelectric properties were investigated. Eu³⁺ addition was found to significantly improve dielectric and piezoelectric properties of PMN-PT, where the optimized properties were achieved for the composition of 2.5 mol%Eu: 0.72PMN-0.28PT, with the piezoelectric d₃₃ = 1420 pC/N, dielectric ε_r = 12 200 and electromechanical k₃₃ = 0.78, respectively. All these results indicate that the Eu³⁺-doped PMN-PT ceramics are promising candidates for high-performance room-temperature piezoelectric devices.     

High magnetic and ferroelectric properties of BZT-LSM multiferroic composites at room temperature

In this research, the effects of La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃ additive on the phase evolution, microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric and magnetic properties of BaZr_0.07Ti_0.93O₃ ceramics were systematically investigated. The (BaZr_0.07Ti_0.93O₃)/x(La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃) or BZT/xLSM (where x?=?0, 5, 10 and 20?mol%) ceramics were prepared via a solid state reaction method. A pure perovskite phase is observed for the samples of x?≤?10?mol%. The M-H hysteresis loops also show an improvement in the magnetic behavior for higher LSM content samples as well as the modified ferroelectric properties. However, the 5?mol% sample exhibited the optimum ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties with remnant magnetization (M_r) and remanent polarization (P_r) of 2.38?emu/g and 10.5?µC/cm², respectively. The dielectric-temperature curves show that the two phase-transition temperatures as observed for the unmodified BZT ceramic merges into a single phase-transition temperature for the 5?mol% sample and then become flat curves for the 10?mol% sample. In addition, the mechanical properties i.e. Knoop hardness and Young's modulus values increase with increasing LSM content, where Knoop hardness and Young's modulus values for the 20?mol% sample are increased by ~ 45% and ~ 104%, respectively, as compared to the unmodified sample.     

PVDF piezoelectric voltage coefficient in situ measurements as a function of applied stress

Direct piezoelectric g₃₁ voltage coefficient was measured in situ as a function of applied tensile stress for films of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). Measurements were performed under quasi‐static conditions with applied strain rates of 0.5–1.5 mm/min for strains up to 12%. Open‐circuit voltage was measured with a contact‐less electrostatic voltmeter. Obtained results show a strong dependence of the g₃₁ coefficient of mono‐oriented PVDF films on the applied stress, with a maximum value of the coefficient in the transition region between elastic and plastic deformation zones. The effect of sample geometry on the apparent g₃₁ coefficient is shown and discussed. The anisotropy of the piezoelectric effect is studied by means of g₃₁ and g₃₂ measurements. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43248.     

A methacrylate monomer bearing nitro,aryl, and hydroxyl side groups: Homopolymerization,characterization, dielectric,and thermal degradation behaviors

2‐Hydroxy‐3‐(4‐nitrophenoxy)propyl methacrylate (HNPPMA) monomer was synthesized. The poly(HNPPMA) was prepared by free radical polymerization (FRP) method. The characterization of poly(HNPPMA) was carried out using FT‐IR, NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, and GPC techniques. The thermal stability and degradation behavior of this polymer have been studied by using thermogravimetry (TG), GC‐MS, NMR, and FT‐IR. The results were in comparison to poly[2‐hydroxy‐3‐(1‐naphtyloxy)propyl methacrylate] sample with α‐naphtyloxy side group prepared by the same method in the our previous study. The effect of thermal activation on non‐isothermal decomposition kinetics of poly(HNPPMA) was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis according to Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa method. The dielectric measurements of poly(HNPPMA) and doped with europium(III)chloride (EuCI₃) were investigated by impedance analyzer technique in range of 10–4000 Hz frequency by depending on the alternating current conductivities. The mode of thermal degradation including formation of the main products of poly(HNPPMA) degraded from ambient temperature to 500 °C was identified. S°, the cold ring fraction (CRF) was collected from room temperature to 500 °C. The structure of the degradation products has also been studied depending on the GC‐MS analysis. The thermal degradation mechanism for poly(HNPPMA) with radical degradation processes thought to dominate at high temperature was proposed based on GC/MS, NMR, FT‐IR, and taking into account the new products and differences in stability. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43925.     

Metallopolymers based on a polyazomethine ligand containing rigid oxadiazole and flexible tetramethyldisiloxane units

Soluble, easily processable polymer–metal complexes with improved optical and dielectric properties for optoelectronic functional materials were obtained. For this, a new polyazomethine (PAZ2) was prepared by the reaction of a siloxane dialdehyde and bis(formyl‐p‐phenoxymethyl) tetramethyldisiloxane with 2,5‐bis(p‐aminophenyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole, and it was used as a ligand for Cu(II), Co(II), and Zn(II) ions on the basis of the presence of the electron‐donor nitrogen atoms from the azomethine group and oxadiazole ring. The structure of the PAZ2 was determined by spectral [Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and ¹H‐NMR spectroscopy] techniques. The metal complexation was proven by FTIR spectroscopy, and the silicon‐to‐metal ratios in the complexes were established by energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence. The new materials were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The optical properties of PAZ2 and the derived metal complexes were studied by ultraviolet–visible and fluorescence spectroscopies. PAZ2 shows fluorescence emission, and it was significantly enhanced by metal complexation. The emission was enhanced by protonation; this behavior is useful, especially for sensors. The electrical properties were investigated by dielectric spectroscopy at various frequencies and temperatures, and this emphasized the existence of dipolar relaxations. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41631.     

The effect of the Zn/Sn ratio on the formation of single phase kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cell material

The effect of the Zn/Sn ratio in the solution on the properties of Cu₂ZnSnS₄ films prepared by sol-gel method has been investigated. As the Zn/Sn ratio in the solution increases to a certain value, a pure single phase kesterite CZTS is obtained and confirmed by XRD, XPS and Raman. Through controlling the Zn/Sn ratio in the solution, secondary phases such as SnO₂ can be avoided and an optimal condition for single phase kesterite CZTS can be achieved. Surface SEM images of the CZTS films are investigated and the optical band gap of the optimized CZTS film is found to be 1.23 eV.     

γ Irradiation effects on optical,thermal, and mechanical properties of polysulfone/MWCNT nanocomposites in argon atmosphere

Polymer‐based composites find use in many nuclear and space application for their ease of fabrication, tailor made properties and light weight. Certain polymers like PTFE, unfilled polyesters and polyamides are prone to degradation in presence of high energy radiation while polymers like epoxies, polyimides, and poly‐ether ether ketone have good stability to ionizing radiation. Incorporation of fillers like carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is likely to improve the radiation resistance of the polymers. In this work, polysulfone (PSU)‐based nanocomposites were fabricated using multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) by solution mixing process. The morphology of the PSU/ MWCNT nanocomposites films were studied using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The prepared films were subjected to γ radiation in an argon environment (to avoid the effect of air/oxygen). Different techniques were used to understand the radiation‐induced changes. Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) traces of neat PSU before and after exposure to radiation shows a decrease in molecular weight. Infrared spectroscopy shows changes in chemical structure. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) thermograms reveal dose‐related changes. For neat PSU, a decrease in T_g was observed with increase in dose. For PSU/ MWCNT nanocomposites, the increase in MWCNT content and dose (up to 1.5 MGy) increased the T_g. Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) showed a marginal decrease in thermal stability for pristine PSU as well as PSU/MWCNT nanocomposites with irradiation. Tensile strength increased with increasing MWCNT content but decreased with dose. Elongation at break decreased with MWCNT content as well as radiation dose. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42017.     

铅酸蓄电池用胶黏剂性能对比

为了解决阀控密封铅酸蓄电池的密封问题，通过对AB胶、3114AA、3114C的机械性能、化学性能、物理性能的对比实验，认为：AB胶在对ABS的粘接强度、固化速度方面都要优于3114AA和3114C，同时它的价格也便宜，因此，我们选用AB胶作电池盖与槽密封的胶黏剂；而3114AA、3114C在对金属铅的粘接强度、耐硫酸腐蚀方面都优于AB胶，同时3114AA较3114C具有固化时间更短、对ABS的粘接强度更高、耐硫酸腐蚀能力更强、可以常温固化等优点，因此，我们就用3114AA作电池极柱密封的胶黏剂。