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介绍了湿法磷酸的净化方法,即溶剂沉淀法、溶剂萃取法、结晶法、化学沉淀法、离子交换树脂法及电渗析法,阐述了这5种净化方法的技术原理和工艺流程,分析并归纳了各种方法和工艺的优缺点,指出化学沉淀法和结晶法具有无污染、能耗低、操作简单等优点,是净化湿法磷酸的有效方法,最后对我国湿法磷酸净化研究的发展方向和应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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介绍了湿法磷酸的净化方法,即溶剂沉淀法、溶剂萃取法、结晶法、化学沉淀法、离子交换树脂法及电渗析法,阐述了这5种净化方法的技术原理和工艺流程,分析并归纳了各种方法和工艺的优缺点,指出化学沉淀法和结晶法具有无污染、能耗低、操作简单等优点,是净化湿法磷酸的有效方法,最后对我国湿法磷酸净化研究的发展方向和应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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化学镀镍废液处理的现状及展望 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
综述了近年来国内外化学镀镍废液的净化处理及资源回收利用技术最新进展.介绍了化学沉淀法、离子交换法、电渗析法、电解法等工艺原理,并对其优缺点进行了简要讨论.预计今后发展方向是将各种方法有机地结合.实现化学镀过程的无排放,达到环境效益和经济效益的统一. 相似文献
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萤石作为一种重要的非再生非金属战略矿产资源,受到各国重视。随着科学技术和国民经济的快速发展,其经济价值和战略地位日益突出,广泛应用于冶金、建材、氟化工等传统领域和新能源、新材料、新医药等战略性新兴产业。近年来,氟化工产业链不断深化,对萤石资源的需求急剧增加,由于全球萤石资源储量有限、资源分布不均、贸易保护主义以及逆全球化势力等因素,全球氟化工产业呈现出高度集中和高度垄断的现象,不同国家和地区的经济发展和萤石资源清洁高效利用、精深加工技术水平存在较大偏差,对萤石产品的供需和消费格局产生严重影响,激化萤石资源储备与萤石产业发展之间的矛盾。本工作从资源储备、主要产业结构、供需消费结构及清洁高效利用技术等方面详细阐述了萤石资源的经济地位和战略意义,提出萤石资源的全球战略布局,通过强化萤石资源整合重组、清洁高效利用、精深加工技术与装备研发、高端产品制造,进一步推动萤石产业朝着精细化、复合化、轻量化、环保节能、循环经济氟化工产品应用领域以及高新技术产业的应用研究开发方向发展,保障萤石资源储备与供给,实现全球萤石资源优化配置和萤石产业的健康可持续发展。 相似文献
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2004~2005年国外塑料工业进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
中蓝晨光化工研究院《塑料工业》编辑部 《塑料工业》2006,34(3):1-26
收集了2004年7月-2005年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2004年~2005年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界几大区域塑料的产量、增长率及所占份额;美国、德国、日本、韩国、法国、比利时、印度、西班牙、中国台湾、加拿大、巴西、英国等国家和地区的不同树脂的产量及消费量;各国、各地区塑料原料的产量、进出口量、国内消费量和人均消费量;日本塑料原料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮、聚砜)的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。 相似文献
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Barnyard grass is a problematic weed worldwide. It competes with crops and causes reduction in crop yields. In this study, barnyard grass suppressed rice emergence, and the degree of rice inhibition was proportional to the density of barnyard grass. Root exudates of barnyard grass reduced germination and growth of lettuce, rice, and monochoria. Fifteen compounds potentially involved in the phytotoxic activities of barnyard grass were isolated and identified, including phenolics, long-chain fatty acids, lactones, diethyl phthalate, acenaphthene, and derivatives of phthalic acids, benzoic acid, and decane. Quantities of diethyl phthalate, decanoic acid, myristic acid, stearic acid, 7,8-dihydro-5,6-dehydrokavain, and 7,8-dihydrokavain were 2.7, 11.1, 19.6, 35.5, 10.3, and 15.5 μg/ml of barnyard grass root exudates, respectively. The two lactones exhibited the greatest inhibition, followed by the phenolics and the derivatives of phthalic acids. Fatty acids had stronger suppression than diethyl phthalate and ethyl ester-4-ethoxy-benzoic acid. The acenaphthene and decane derivatives were the least phytotoxic. The phytotoxins released by barnyard grass roots showed strong inhibition on growth of broadleaf indicator plants and paddy weeds, but were less effective on barnyard grass itself and rice. Our study revealed that in addition to competition, barnyard grass also interferes with rice and other plants in its surroundings by chemical means.T. D. Khanh and I. M. Chung are members of the research team of Friendly Environmental Low Input Natural Herbicide New Material Study of the Konkuk University. 相似文献
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Olga Shevchuk Antonija Jurak Begonja Stepan Gambaryan Matthias Totzeck Tienush Rassaf Tobias B. Huber Andreas Greinacher Thomas Renne Albert Sickmann 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(9)
Platelets are components of the blood that are highly reactive, and they quickly respond to multiple physiological and pathophysiological processes. In the last decade, it became clear that platelets are the key components of circulation, linking hemostasis, innate, and acquired immunity. Protein composition, localization, and activity are crucial for platelet function and regulation. The current state of mass spectrometry-based proteomics has tremendous potential to identify and quantify thousands of proteins from a minimal amount of material, unravel multiple post-translational modifications, and monitor platelet activity during drug treatments. This review focuses on the role of proteomics in understanding the molecular basics of the classical and newly emerging functions of platelets. including the recently described role of platelets in immunology and the development of COVID-19.The state-of-the-art proteomic technologies and their application in studying platelet biogenesis, signaling, and storage are described, and the potential of newly appeared trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) is highlighted. Additionally, implementing proteomic methods in platelet transfusion medicine, and as a diagnostic and prognostic tool, is discussed. 相似文献
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磁性中空微球在功能性吸附、酶固定化载体、物质的分离纯化、活性物质和药物的封装与控释、靶向给药、污染防治、食品和材料学等领域有突出的应用价值。文章综述了利用生物模板法制备磁性中空微球的制备原理和最新研究成果,并主要分析了软模板法和自模板法两种制备工艺。软模板法工艺主要通过吸附-高温炭化法除去生物模板材料获得固定外形的磁性中空微球。自模板法制备磁性中空微球可依据生物材料自身成分经水热碳化反应或在惰性气体氛围保护下的高温炭化反应生成具有特殊官能团结构的中空碳微球,并将磁性物质溶入或吸附到中空微球中,具体分为水热碳化法和浸渍-高温炭化法;也可将制备好的磁性物质吸附于经过特殊处理过的生物模板材料表面,如吸附-共沉淀法和高温炭化-共沉淀法。总之,生物模板法制备磁性中空微球条件较为温和、无污染,生物模板材料对人体无毒,特别适合于食品、医药等行业的应用,具有很好的生产应用前景。 相似文献
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合成气一步法制低碳烯烃作为优势明显的非石油路线替代技术,至今仍未工业化的一个关键问题即催化剂的选择性较差。本文介绍了近十年来关于该催化剂的研究进展,分析了活性组分、助剂、载体及制备工艺分别对催化剂结构与性能的影响,认为Fe系与Co系是最有应用前景的催化剂,碱金属、碱土金属、过渡金属、稀土金属及非金属在调变催化剂酸碱性与电性上各自表现出不同的正作用,抑制了低碳烯烃的二次加氢副反应。分子筛等载体的表面性质与孔道结构可控,方便低碳烯烃从催化剂中扩散移除。浸渍、沉淀、溶胶-凝胶、熔融、水热、微波、超临界、真空干燥等工艺的改进或结合更有利于活性组分的分散和超细颗粒的形成。指出催化剂配合适宜的工艺及反应器才能发挥最大效能,才有可能突破F-T合成中低碳烯烃收率低的ASF规律的限制,实现合成气一步法制低碳烯烃的产业化推广。 相似文献
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Effects of genotype, nutrient availability, and defoliation on aspen phytochemistry and insect performance 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
Genetic and environmental variability, and their interactions, influence phytochemical composition and, in turn, herbivore performance. We evaluated the independent and interactive effects of plant genotype, nutrient availability, and defoliation on the foliar chemistry of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) and consequences for performance of gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar). Saplings of four genotypes were grown under two conditions of nutrient availability and subjected to three levels of artificial defoliation. Concentrations of all secondary and primary metabolites evaluated responded to at least one or more of the experimental treatments. Of the secondary metabolites, phenolic glycosides were affected strongly by genotype, less so by nutrient availability, and not induced by defoliation. Condensed tannins were strongly dependent upon genotype, soil nutrient availability, and their interaction, and, in contrast to phenolic glycosides, were induced by artificial defoliation. Of the primary metabolites, foliar nitrogen was affected by genotype and soil nutrient availability. Starch concentrations were affected by genotype, nutrient availability, defoliation and interactions among these factors. Foliar water content responded to genotype, nutrient availability, and defoliation, and the effect of nutrient availability depended on genotype. Herbivore performance on these plants was strongly influenced by plant genotype and soil nutrient availability, but much less so by defoliation. Although several of the compound types (condensed tannins, starch, and water) responded to defoliation, quantitative variation in these compounds did not contribute to substantive changes in herbivore performance. Rather, the primary source of variation in insect performance was due to plant genotype (phenolic glycoside levels), while nutrient availability (foliar nitrogen levels) was of secondary importance. These results suggest that genetic variation in aspen plays a major role in determining patterns of insect performance, whereas environmental variation, such as was tested, here is of negligible importance. 相似文献
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熔融结晶可应用于同系物、共沸物、热敏性物质等特殊物系的分离,因其分离纯度高、能耗低、工业放大操作方便等优点获得广泛认可。乙烯焦油、重整芳烃、煤焦油等劣质重芳烃中含丰富的萘、对二甲苯、均四甲苯、蒽、菲、咔唑、苊等一系列高附加值化学品,熔融结晶在上述高附加值化学品的分离提纯中有重要作用,其中多数为间歇操作。目前,对于连续大规模工业化生产已取得阶段性进展,但堵塞和结垢仍是制约其发展的关键问题。结晶过程中传质传热的理论研究对于指导未来新型结晶器和模型的开发具有重要意义。 相似文献
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当前灰霾等大气污染问题备受关注,高效、廉价的催化净化材料作为污染治理技术的核心之一,其研发意义非凡。以柔性材料为基底制备的新型整体式催化剂因催化活性高、加工成型简单、应用灵活、易于实现催化剂原位再生等优点,成为环境催化领域发展的一个新兴热点方向。本文介绍了以金属泡沫、有机泡沫以及纤维等柔性材料为载体的催化剂特性和应用领域,重点阐述了上述柔性负载型催化剂的典型合成过程及其对气态污染物(如NOx、甲苯、甲醛等)的催化性能和净化机制,综述了其在脱硝领域的应用研究成果,包括抗硫耐水机理、纤维滤布催化剂的协同除尘脱硝能力以及碳泡沫催化剂的高效催化性能等。通过总结分析柔性负载型催化剂阶段性研究成果、应用现状以及实际应用问题,进一步展望其在环境催化净化领域的研究方向、重点和难点。催化剂黏结性、活性、稳定性的提升以及移动床反应器-催化剂的匹配设计与优化都将是柔性高效一体式催化剂的研发重心所在,此类催化剂的成功研发将会为中小型燃煤炉窖尾气的催化净化提供技术核心与保障。 相似文献
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精对苯二甲酸(PTA)生产中的废钴锰催化剂中钴低锰高,常用的钴锰分离方法一般不适用,分离钴锰时非常容易互相夹带,导致分离不完全。本文采用氨-碳酸盐法分离PTA废渣浸出液中的钴和锰。在正交试验的基础上,以钴剩余率和锰沉淀率作为考核指标,考察了碳酸盐的种类、反应时间、反应温度、搅拌速度、氨的用量和碳酸盐的用量等因素对钴、锰分离效果的影响。实验结果表明,在氨-碳酸钠、氨-碳酸铵、氨-碳酸氢铵3种溶液中,最佳搅拌速度、反应时间、反应温度分别为200r/min、8h和20℃,氨的最佳用量分别为理论化学反应计量的1.9倍、1.4倍和1.7倍,碳酸盐的用量分别为理论化学反应计量的1.0倍、1.3倍和1.3倍。在最佳反应条件下,氨-碳酸钠、氨-碳酸铵、氨-碳酸氢铵3种溶液中,钴的最大剩余率分别可达到96.0%、99.8%和99.5%,锰沉淀率均可达到100%。 相似文献