双酚A型氰酸酯泡沫塑料的制备与性能

以双酚A型氰酸酯树脂（BADCy）为主要原料,采用模塑成型法制备了氰酸酯泡沫塑料（CEF）,并考查了所得泡沫的化学结构、泡孔结构、热性能和力学性能等。结果表明,体系的最佳反应条件为155 ℃/2 h + 200 ℃/2 h,制得的CEF泡孔均匀,为闭孔结构;泡沫塑料的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）为263 ℃,失重5 %的热分解温度为344 ℃; CEF的压缩模量和压缩强度分别与ρ1.043和ρ2.204存在线性关系。     

腰果酚醛胺固化环氧树脂泡沫塑料性能研究

以双酚A型环氧树脂(EP)为基体树脂、自制的腰果酚醛胺(PCT)为固化剂、正戊烷(N-PT)为发泡剂、吐温-80和二甲基硅油为稳泡剂室温发泡制备新型环氧树脂泡沫塑料。研究了PCT用量对发泡时间和泡沫性能的影响,通过扫描电子显微镜和热失重分析对泡沫塑料的微观形貌和热性能进行了表征。结果表明,随着PCT用量增加,发泡时间逐渐缩短;环氧树脂泡沫塑料的密度、压缩强度、吸水率和热导率均随PCT用量的增加呈现先减小后增大趋势;当PCT加入量为30 %(相对于纯EP)时,发泡时间降至5 min;泡沫塑料的综合性能较佳,密度为0.0467 g/cm^3、压缩强度为276 kPa、吸水率为2.9 %、热导率为0.037 W/m·K,此时泡孔大小均匀,不良泡孔少;泡沫初始失重温度为248.4 ℃,最大失重速率温度为362.3 ℃,耐热性最佳。     

氰酸酯/联苯型环氧树脂共混体系的DSC研究

采用非等温差示扫描量热法对氰酸酯/联苯型环氧树脂共混体系的固化反应动力学、特征温度、转化率和玻璃化转变温度(Tg)进行了研究。共混体系的表观活化能随着联苯型环氧树脂量的增加而降低,质量比为80/20树脂体系的表观活化能为88.6k J·mol~(-1),高于80/20氰酸酯/双酚A型环氧树脂体系的表观活化能。当固化程度接近完全时,80/20共混体系的Tg为249.2℃,比80/20氰酸酯/双酚A型环氧树脂体系的Tg值高出24.3℃。催化剂的加入能使共混体系的表观活化能下降约20k J·mol~(-1),反应特征温度降低约100℃,同时对Tg影响较小。     

双酚A二氰酸酯/环氧树脂固化共混物结构的红外光谱研究

通过熔融共混制备了双酚A二氰酸酯/双酚A二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂、双酚A二氰酸酯/酚醛环氧树脂两种共混物。用红外光谱研究了组分比对两类共混物各种基团相对含量的影响。结果表明,随着共混物中环氧量的增加,芳醚的吸收会由于共聚产物的增加而出现蓝移,酚醛环氧树脂中的酚羟基能影响共聚产物的生成;环氧量较大的氰酸酯/酚醛环氧村脂共混物生成了相当含量的酚-氰酸酯加成物,这使得共聚产物相对含量的计算变得困难。     

纳米玻璃粉掺杂双酚A型环氧树脂基复合材料的热稳定性能研究

采用双酚A型环氧树脂为基体,短切玻璃纤维和纳米玻璃粉为填料,通过模压加工工艺制备了双酚A型环氧树脂基复合材料。使用热失重分析仪和扫描电子显微镜分析研究了纳米玻璃粉含量对复合材料热稳定性能的影响,同时利用Kissinger法和Flynn?Wall?Ozawa法求解了双酚A型环氧树脂基复合材料的热分解动力学参数。结果表明,添加短切玻璃纤维后,双酚A型环氧树脂的最大热分解温度从365 ℃提高至369 ℃,而随着纳米玻璃粉的加入,其最大热分解温度进一步提升5 ~16 ℃。且复合材料的残炭率在65.41 %~69.15 %之间,相比双酚A型环氧树脂、短切玻璃纤维增强双酚A型环氧树脂基复合材料分别提高了69.88 %~71.51 %、22.95 %~27.11 %。同时纳米玻璃粉的加入也使得复合材料的热分解活化能得到提升,最高为153.14 kJ/mol,相比双酚A型环氧树脂单体及短切玻璃纤维材料增强双酚A型环氧树脂基复合材料的热分解活化能135.65 kJ/mol、137.46 kJ/mol显著增加。结果表明,纳米玻璃粉的引入改变了双酚A型环氧树脂基复合材料的内部微观结构,从而提高了其热稳定性能。     

酚醛型环氧树脂改性氰酸酯共聚物固化反应动力学研究

采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)对酚醛型环氧树脂改性双酚A型氰酸酯树脂的固化反应动力学进行了研究,用Kissin-ger方程计算出树脂的表观活化能,其计算值为60.81kg/mol,用Crane定理求得反应级数为0.8846.用外推法求得树脂体系的起始固化温度为120.00℃,峰顶固化温度为176.67℃,终止固化温度为226.67℃.由树脂的DSC和流变分析得到了合理的固化工艺,玻璃纤维织物/改性氰酸酯复合材料具有良好的力学性能.     

新型潜伏性环氧树脂固化剂ADI的合成及性能研究

以偏二甲肼、环氧丙烷和正癸酸甲酯为原料,合成新型热潜伏性环氧树脂固化剂1,1–二甲基–1–(2–羟丙基)胺–2–癸酰亚胺(ADI),并采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、核磁共振波谱和元素分析,确定了产物的结构,借助热重同步差热分析仪,研究了产物的热分解特性以及ADI/E–44双酚A环氧树脂体系固化反应热行为。结果表明:ADI/E–44双酚A环氧树脂固化温度为100℃,固化时放热平稳,常温下潜伏期在60 d以上。     

含酰亚胺基团环氧泡沫的制备及其性能

合成了一种端氨基酰亚胺固化剂MDIA,以其在不同温度、不同发泡剂含量下固化双酚A环氧树脂制备大孔环氧泡沫材料。研究结果表明,在固化剂中引入酰亚胺结构可以提高环氧树脂的耐热性能和力学性能。随发泡温度的提高,孔隙率增加,Tg和5%失重温度(Td5)提高,制备的环氧泡沫材料Tg可达120℃,Td5可达300℃,孔隙率为47%时,压缩强度可达16 6MPa。     

E-51环氧树脂改性双酚A型氰酸酯树脂的研究

采用示差扫描量热法(DSC)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)研究了E-51环氧树脂改性双酚A型氰酸酯树脂(BADCy)体系的反应活性、反应机理及固化工艺,通过TGA分析了不同含量E-51环氧树脂改性BADCy后固化物的热性能,并测定了体系的吸水率及力学性能。结果表明,随着E-51环氧树脂用量的增加,BADCy改性体系的反应活性逐渐提高,固化温度逐渐降低;用环氧树脂改性BADCy生成了恶唑烷酮等芳杂环结构,降低了氰酸酯树脂体系的三嗪环交联密度,增加了体系的韧性;改性后材料的起始热分解温度均在380℃以上,吸水率均低于2%。     

新型环氧树脂泡沫塑料制备及其性能研究

采用两步法制备环氧(EP)树脂泡沫塑料,并对其结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明,EP固化完全,观察不到827cm-1处环氧基的特征峰。所得的EP泡沫塑料为闭孔结构,泡孔均匀,密度最低可达0.14g/cm3,玻璃化转变温度为107℃,起始分解温度为352.5℃。     

Synthesis of dysprosium/Mn–Cu ferrite binary nanocomposite: Analysis of structural,morphological, dielectric,and optomagnetic properties

Manganese–copper ferrite (MCFO) and dysprosium (Dy)-doped manganese–copper ferrite nanocomposites (Mn_0.5Cu_0.5Dy_xFe_2−xO₄) (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15) were synthesized by sonochemical method. Crystal structure and the structural parameters of the MCFO were analyzed based on the doping concentration of Dy ion. It was observed that the average crystalline size of the synthesized nanocomposite decreases when the concentration of Dy increases. The existing spherical surface morphology of the MCFO and Dy-doped MCFO nanocomposites were obtained through scanning electron microscopy. In the UV spectrum, the pristine MCFO sample showed an absorbance peak at 743 nm whereas the absorbance values of Dy-doped ferrite nanocomposite considerably shifted (blue) toward a lower wavelength (231–222 nm). The dielectric parameters of all ferrite nanocomposites were studied in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 5 MHz. The dielectric spectrum revealed that dielectric constant and loss tangent decreased with increased doping concentration of Dy ion. The saturation magnetization also changed with Dy doping in MCFO. The impact of Dy on manganese–copper ferrite changed the optical, dielectric and magnetic properties of the prepared binary ferrite nanocomposite, which can be used for microwave-absorbing material applications.     

Mechanical Properties of Compression Molded Banana Pseudo-stem Filled Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (UPVC) Composites

Mechanical strengths of a banana pseudo-stem (BPS) fiber and unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (UPVC) composite were evaluated to assess the possibility of using it as a new material in engineering applications. Samples were fabricated by the compression molding process with reference to the effect of filler loading. The samples were submitted to mechanical tests to measure tensile, flexural, and impact properties of the composites. The nature of adhesion between the matrix and the reinforcement and information relating the structure of mechanical properties can be obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) assessment of the composite fracture surface. The mechanical properties show that the composites did not have good adhesion between filler and matrix; on the other hand, the filler insertion improved the flexural modulus and the material rigidity.     

单向玻璃纤维-铝合金层板的几种力学性能研究

本文用实验方法研究了单向玻璃纤维-铝合金层板的拉伸性能、疲劳性能和冲击性能。利用金属体积分数理论验证了这类层板的拉伸性能。通过对其疲劳性能的实验研究，发现裂纹扩展速率的大小及刚度的下降与加载的最大循环应力密切相关的规律。实验发现该层板具有比铝合金好得多的冲击性能。     

核壳型纳米粒子合成方法及其性能的研究进展

核壳纳米粒子作为复合纳米粒子一个重要的分支,由于其光、磁和催化等方面的优异性能,近年来引起了人们广泛的关注.本文主要介绍了核壳纳米粒子的制备方法及诸多性能,并对核壳纳米粒子的发展进行了展望.     

TMPTMA在硅橡胶中的应用研究

研究了助交联剂三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯(TMPTMA)对硅橡胶硫化性能、力学性能、低温性能和粘接性能的影响。结果表明,加入少量TMPTMA能改善硅橡胶的硫化特性和工艺性,提高硫化胶的硬度,降低硅橡胶的结晶温度,并有效提高硅橡胶与金属的粘接强度;但TMPTMA用量超过一定数值后,由于TMPTMA部分自聚合,在硅橡胶内形成一定的交联网络,造成两相界面粘接力变差,致使硅橡胶的拉伸强度降低。当TMPTMA用量为1份时,硅橡胶具有最佳的综合性能。     

Effects of support and additive on oxidation state and activity of Pt catalyst in propane combustion

The effects of support and additive on the oxidation state and catalytic activity of Pt catalyst in the low temperature propane combustion were systematically investigated on Pt/MgO, Pt/Al₂O₃ and Pt/SiO₂–Al₂O₃. The catalytic activity varied much with both support materials and additives. The catalyst on the more acidic support showed higher activity, and the catalytic activity on every support materials increased as the electronegativity of additives increased, while some additives decreased the activity. The oxidation state of platinum, estimated by white line intensity of Pt L_III-edge XANES spectrum, also varied with the support and additives, and additives with higher electronegativity greatly prevented the platinum from its oxidation under oxidising atmosphere. Among almost all the catalysts with various supports and various additives, a clear relationship was observed between the oxidation state of platinum and the catalytic activity; the more metallic platinum showed higher activity. Thus, it was concluded that the total electrophilic/electrophobic property derived from those of the support and additive controls the oxidation state of platinum, which intensively affects the catalytic activity; i.e. higher electrophilic property provides less oxidised platinum, resulting in high catalytic activity. The mechanism of this effect was also discussed on the basis of thermochemical data, and it was proposed that the electrophobic materials promote the noble metal oxidation since the noble metal oxo-anion such as PtO^δ− is more stabilised with electrophobic cation.     

丁腈橡胶的伏安特性与功率特性的研究

本文对乙炔碳黑填充丁腈橡胶（NBR）的伏安特性及其功率特性进行了研究,分析了丁腈橡胶在交、直流电场下的导电机理,并对环境温度变化时的丁腈橡胶的功率及功率与电压的变化规律提出了相应的关系式,同时对导电丁腈橡胶的物理机械性能进行了研究与测定。     

聚丙烯基抗菌塑料的制备与性能研究

利用熔融挤出共混技术制备了聚丙烯(PP)基抗菌塑料。研究了抗菌母料Antim-PP对PP的抗菌性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,当抗菌母料与PP的质量比为4:100时,抗菌PP塑料对大肠杆菌的抗菌率大于99%,抗菌母料的加入使共混物的冲击性能有明显改善,其他力学性能基本不受影响。     

阻隔性PET/PEN共聚酯的性能研究

对共聚型阻隔聚酯PETNx(x为共聚酯中NDA占羧酸总质量的百分比)的热性能、流变性能和阻隔性能进行了研究。结果表明,PETNx体系属于假塑性流体。PETNx的CO2气体阻隔性优于常规PET;随着PETNx中NDA含量的增加,共聚物的玻璃化温度呈线性增高。