静电纺丝技术发展简史及应用

静电纺丝现已成为一种重要的纳米纤维成形技术,制备的纳米纤维也得到了广泛应用。介绍了静电纺丝技术的基本原理及发展历程,以及采用静电纺丝技术制备的纳米纤维品种、纳米纤维的应用领域等。采用静电纺丝技术可以制备各种不同结构和形态的纳米纤维,如有机纳米纤维、有机/无机杂化复合纳米纤维、无机纳米纤维、碳纳米纤维等;通过静电纺丝制备的纳米纤维因具有特殊结构和优异性能,在过滤材料、能源材料、生物医用材料、传感器和光催化等领域得到广泛应用。今后在完善实验室技术的基础上,应加强静电纺丝技术的产业化研究。     

静电纺丝技术的应用及其发展前景

静电纺丝是一种新概念、新技术,它可以制备出直径为纳米级的细丝,从而成为纳米技术研究领域的一个新热点。随着纳米技术的不断发展,静电纺丝技术备的纳米纤维应用将越来越广泛,其发展前景十分广阔。为此,国内外学者对静电纺丝技术进行了详细研究。本文对静电纺纳米纤维的应用及其发展前景进行了详细综述。     

静电纺丝纳米纤维的制备工艺及其应用

简述了静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的原理;探讨了静电纺丝电压、流速、接收距离、溶剂浓度等工艺条件;介绍了同轴静电纺丝制备皮芯结构的超细纤维及中空纤维技术以及静电纺丝纳米纤维毡在生物医药方面的应用。指出静电纺丝纳米纤维材料在生物医用方面具有广阔的应用前景,进一步实现低压纺丝、开发无毒溶剂,控制同轴静电纺丝纳米纤维的释放性能是今后静电纺丝的研发方向。     

静电纺纳米纤维修饰电极的研究进展

静电纺丝纳米纤维较传统纳米材料有许多独特的性能,静电纺丝纳米纤维修饰电极的研究是其新热点;按修饰方法的不同,静电纺丝纳米纤维修饰电极分为直接修饰和非直接修饰电极两大类。综合近年来国内外的静电纺丝纳米纤维修饰电极相关研究,阐述了静电纺丝技术直接修饰电极、静电纺丝技术非直接修饰电极的相关纳米纤维材料的制备、特性及应用;指出由于静电纺丝纳米材料的多样化与优异性,静电纺丝纳米纤维修饰电极具有灵活性与灵敏性,其在生物传感器、生物芯片、染料电池等方面的应用极具开发潜力,在未来多个领域和研究中发挥重要作用。     

静电纺丝的研究进展

简述了国内外静电纺丝的研究现状;介绍了静电纺丝的制备原理、静电纺丝装置的改进、影响纤维成形的主要工艺参数及纤维形态;叙述了静电纺丝纳米纤维在过滤材料、生物医学和传感器等方面的应用;展望了静电纺丝的发展方向。指出静电纺丝是纳米纤维的新型生产技术,今后应进一步调整静电纺丝工艺,开发绿色溶剂,以尽早实现静电纺丝的工业化。     

静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的进展及应用

简述了静电纺丝的制备原理和影响静电纺丝纤维成形的主要工艺因素;介绍了静电纺丝法制备高分子聚合物、生物大分子、无机物纳米纤维的最新进展,以及这些纳米纤维在过滤、传感器、超疏水性材料、生物医用功能材料、纳米模板等领域的应用;指出静电纺丝制备纳米连续长丝技术亟待发展。     

静电纺丝制备聚丙烯腈纳米碳纤维

利用静电纺丝制备连续的聚丙烯腈纳米碳纤维;介绍了静电纺丝的原理、影响静电纺丝的主要因素以及制备纳米碳纤维、纳米活性炭纤维、纳米碳纤维复合材料的方法和原理;分析了静电纺丝产率低,难以得到单向平铺的纤维等问题,影响静电纺丝的参数主要有溶液特性、纺丝工艺参数、纺丝环境参数。由静电纺丝得到纳米聚丙烯腈纤维,然后再经预氧化和碳化制备纳米碳纤维,或把纳米纤维预氧化,经活化、碳化制备纳米活性炭纤维。并指出纳米碳纤维具有巨大的潜在应用空间。     

聚合物纳米纤维技术的新进展

重点介绍了静电纺丝技术发展现状,详细介绍了双组分聚合物纳米纤维、碳纳米纤维、聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维、生物可降解聚合物纳米纤维的制备和性能,展望了聚合物纳米纤维及纳米纤维膜产品的应用。     

静电纺丝法制备碳纳米纤维的研究进展

碳纳米纤维优异的物理和化学性能使其在众多领域备受青睐,静电纺丝技术是利用电场力将聚合物溶液或熔体进行纺丝的加工技术,是目前获得纳米尺寸纤维的有效方法之一。利用静电纺丝技术制备直径分布,孔径大小,所需性能等方面达到指定要求的碳纳米纤维,是研究者所研究的重点方向之一。本文介绍了静电纺丝的原理,溶液性质、纺丝电压、推速和接受距离对静电纺丝的影响,以及碳纳米纤维的制备、改性及应用进展。     

静电纺丝法制备聚合物功能纤维的研究进展

静电纺丝是一种可以直接、连续制备聚合物纳米纤维的新方法。通过静电纺丝法制备的直径在几纳米到几百纳米的纤维在很多领域都有潜在的应用。简单介绍了静电纺丝的原理、发展以及在各领域的应用前景,综述了静电纺丝纤维作为功能材料在吸附过滤、导电导热和保温隔热等方面的应用,并对静电纺丝技术在制备聚合物纳米纤维功能材料方面的发展前景作出了展望。     

静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的影响因素研究进展

静电纺丝技术是制备纳米纤维的有效方法之一,影响因素较多,工艺较难控制。本文从纺丝液性质、操作条件、纺丝环境三个方面综述了对静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的影响,最后展望了静电纺丝技术的发展前景。     

Influence of the processing parameters on needleless electrospinning from double ring slits spinneret using response surface methodology

Needleless electrospinning technology was an effective processing method which can fabricate large scale nanofibers. We first developed a novel double rings slit spinneret to overcome the shortcomings of current needleless electrospinning spinnerets. The solution of the flow rate was controlled accurately by peristaltic control pump. Response surface methodology was adopted to investigate the influence of the processing parameters on the morphology and diameter of nanofibers. The main spinning processing parameters comprised solution concentration, applied voltage, collection distance and solution flow rate. The analysis of variance was used to evaluate response surface reduced quadratic model for nanofiber diameter. The linear and quadratic coefficients were obtained. The morphology of nanofibers was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Effects of different processing parameters on the nanofiber mean diameter have been discussed. Predicated values have a good agreement with actual values for nanofiber diameter. Actual nanofiber diameter ranges from129.15 to 404.70 nm with different process parameters. Mechanical properties of nanofiber membrane have been investigated. High quality and high throughout nanofiber could be continuously produced. This novel needleless electrospinning spinneret has a great potential for large scale nanofibers production to promote electrospinning technology development. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46407.     

玉米蛋白纳米纤维的制备及其交联研究

用静电纺丝技术制备了玉米醇溶蛋白(Zein)纳米纤维膜,对所制备的纤维膜进行了扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、远红外(FTIR)表征。SEM结果表明:质量分数为30%的Zein溶液所制备的纳米纤维形貌最佳。XRD结果显示静电纺丝未改变Zein的晶相。FTIR结果表明:电纺并未改变Zein的主要结构。对Zein纳米纤维膜进行了紫外线交联和戊二醛交联,并对交联后的纤维膜进行了比表面积和拉伸性能测试。结果表明:交联后Zein纳米纤维膜的力学性能有显著提高,但戊二醛交联引起了比表面积的急剧减小,会对纤维膜的通透性造成较大影响;而紫外线交联的纳米纤维膜的力学性能不仅得到了提高,微观结构也不受影响。     

Needleless electrospinning. I. A comparison of cylinder and disk nozzles

In this study, we demonstrated the needleless electrospinning of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibers with two nozzles, a rotating disk and a cylinder, and examined the effect of the nozzle shape on the electrospinning process and resultant fiber morphology. The disk nozzle needed a relatively low applied voltage to initiate fiber formation, and the fibers were mainly formed on the top disk edge. Also, the PVA concentration had little influence on the disk electrospinning process (up to 11 wt %). In comparison, the cylinder electrospinning showed a higher dependence on the applied voltage and polymer concentration. The fibers were initiated from the cylinder ends first and then from the entire cylinder surface only if the applied voltage were increased to a certain level. With the same polymer solution, the critical voltage needed to generate nanofibers from the disk nozzle was lower than that needed to generate nanofibers from the cylinder. Both electrospinning systems could produce uniform nanofibers, but the fibers produced from the disk nozzle were finer than those from the cylinder when the operating conditions were the same. A thin disk (8 cm in diameter and 2 mm thick) could produce nanofibers at a rate similar to that of a cylinder of the same diameter but 100 times wider (i.e., 20 cm long). Finite element analysis of electric field profiles of the nozzles revealed a concentrated electric field on the disk edge. For the cylinder nozzle, an uneven distribution of the electric field intensity profile along the nozzle surface was observed. The field lines were mainly concentrated on the cylinder ends, with a much lower electric field intensity formed in the middle surface area. At the same applied voltage, the electric field intensity on the disk edge was much higher than that on the cylinder end. These differences in the electric field intensity profiles could explain the differences in the fiber fineness and rate of the nanofibers produced from these two nozzles. These findings will benefit the design and further development of large‐scale electrospinning systems for the mass production of nanofibers for advanced applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Effects of added polyvinyl pyrrolidone on morphology and microstructure of multiple-phase mullite nanofibers

In this study, mullite nanofibers with smooth surface and dense structure were successfully fabricated with various amounts of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as polymer template using electrospinning. To optimize properties of mullite nanofibers, effects of PVP content on the morphology and microstructure of the nanofibers were investigated. Results show that the nanofibers were composed of multiple phases (including nanocrystalline mullite, Al-Si spinel, and amorphous phase), and all had good flexibility. When PVP content increased, diameters of the fibers decreased. Meanwhile, mullite grain size and phase content increased, which led to changes in mechanical properties. Also, it was revealed that removal of PVP polymers (which helps atom diffusion and promotes nucleation-growth of mullite) was the acceleration mechanism of the additives. From analysis of crystallization activation energy and chemical structure, clear picture of the acceleration mechanism is gained, and this can provide a guideline for future optimization of electrospinning processes for high-temperature ceramics nanofibers.     

Needleless electrospinning of nanofibers with a conical wire coil

In this article, we have demonstrated a novel needleless electrospinning of PVA nanofibers by using a conical metal wire‐coil as spinneret. Multiple polymer jets were observed to generate on the coil surface. Up to 70 kV electric voltage can be applied to this needleless electrospinning nozzle without causing “corona discharge.” Compared with conventional needle electrospinning, this needleless electrospinning system produced finer nanofibers on a much larger scale, and the fiber processing ability showed a much greater dependence on the applied voltage. Finite element calculation indicates that the electric field intensity profiles for the two systems are also quite different. This novel concept of using wire coil as the electrospinning nozzle will contribute to the further development of new large‐scale needleless electrospinning system for nanofiber production. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Electrospinning of Polymers,Their Modeling and Applications

Although there are several methods for obtaining sub-micro or nanofibers, electrospinning is perhaps the most versatile process. Nanotechnology has been widely accepted as dealing with the science and technology where at least one dimension is of roughly 1 to 100 nm. Electrospinning has been recognized as a feasible technique for the fabrication of polymeric nanofiber yarns. Various materials including polymers, composites, ceramics and metals have been electrospun into nanofibers. The nanofibers thus produced exhibit novel and significantly improved physical, chemical and biological properties due to their nanolevel size. In this article, the electrospinning process, along with its modeling equations and applications have been discussed. Some typical case studies regarding electrospinning under various categories have also been discussed.     

静电纺特殊结构纳米纤维的研究现状

纳米级纤维具有优良的机械性能和高比表面积等特性。以静电纺特殊结构纳米纤维为研究对象,根据其表观形态分别介绍了一维特殊结构纳米纤维、二维特殊结构纳米纤维膜、三维结构纳米纤维气凝胶等,并阐述了各种结构的形成机理。总结了近年来国内外采用静电纺丝技术制备特殊结构纳米纤维的调控方法,如改变溶液性质(溶液浓度、黏度、表面张力、电导率等)、纺丝工艺参数(纺丝电压、流量、喷丝头、环境温湿度等)及后处理方式(高温煅烧、水热合成等)等。简要阐述了静电纺特殊结构纳米纤维的应用领域,并对其未来发展进行了展望。     

静电纺特殊形貌纳米纤维的应用研究进展

特殊形貌的纳米纤维可以通过控制静电纺丝过程工艺及参数条件来制备。特殊形貌的纳米纤维具有比普通纳米纤维更大的比表面积和更高的孔隙率，以及掺杂各类有机/无机材料后赋予纤维的多功能性，使其应用研究已经深入能源环境、催化过滤、生物工程、食品安全等诸多领域，成为纳米材料研究的热点领域之一。但特殊形貌纳米纤维存在研究体系不完善、量产化难度高、重现性差等问题。本文通过对多种特殊形貌纳米纤维的成形机理进行阐述，介绍了特殊形貌纳米纤维独特的形貌结构与性能优势，对其在粒子透过、粒子拦截与传输等领域的应用研究进行了概述。此外，本文对特殊形貌的纳米纤维从研究制备到应用过程中面临的局限性进行了讨论，提出建立完善的特殊形貌纳米纤维研究体系，针对应用领域开发功能性特殊形貌纳米纤维膜，从环保性、稳定性角度出发，推进特殊形貌纳米纤维的产业化发展进程。