静电纺丝的研究进展

简述了国内外静电纺丝的研究现状;介绍了静电纺丝的制备原理、静电纺丝装置的改进、影响纤维成形的主要工艺参数及纤维形态;叙述了静电纺丝纳米纤维在过滤材料、生物医学和传感器等方面的应用;展望了静电纺丝的发展方向。指出静电纺丝是纳米纤维的新型生产技术,今后应进一步调整静电纺丝工艺,开发绿色溶剂,以尽早实现静电纺丝的工业化。     

熔体静电纺丝技术及其在生物医学中的应用

熔体静电纺丝技术不使用溶剂,可制备连续的超细纤维,在生物医学领域有着广泛的应用。从流体黏度、射流特点、纤维直径、纺丝效果方面比较了熔体静电纺丝与溶液静电纺丝的差异;介绍了近年来熔体静电纺丝的技术进展,如激光加热熔体静电纺丝技术、同轴熔体静电纺丝技术,以及熔体静电纺丝直写技术等;综述了熔体静电纺丝技术在组织工程、伤口敷料和药物释放方面的应用;指出熔体静电纺丝应进一步优化加工工艺,获得具有适度自粘结结构的支架,从而提高其应用性。     

基于静电纺丝技术的PLGA载药纳米纤维膜的制备工艺

同轴静电纺丝法制备的聚乳酸-乙醇酸(PLGA)纳米纤维具有良好的生物相容性和生物可降解性, 加之其高孔隙率和高透氧率, 使其能成为优良的药物载体。本文初步摸索了PLGA的同轴静电纺丝的工艺条件, 并通过同轴静电纺丝法制备了PLGA载氟比洛芬酯(FA)的纳米纤维膜, 应用扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱分析观察纤维的表观形貌并确定其微观结构。重点探究了不同溶剂配比的混合溶剂对载药纤维膜药物释放性能影响。研究结果表明在U⁺为+15.00kV, U^-为-2.50kV, 接受距离为15cm, 壳层推进速度为0.4mm/min, 芯层推进速度为0.1mm/min进行静电纺丝时, 所制备的PLGA(壳)/PVP+FA(核)复合载药纤维膜壳核结构良好, 且成功载了约0.5%的FA。当改变壳层混合溶剂(DCM和DMF)和芯层混合溶剂(无水乙醇和DMF)体积比时, 纤维直径会随着DMF的减少而增大。     

干喷湿法静电纺丝研究进展

介绍了干喷湿法静电纺丝原理;分析了干喷湿法静电纺丝与干法静电纺丝的区别;综述了干喷湿法静电纺丝在制备纤维素、聚苯胺、聚己内酯等超细纤维中的应用研究进展。指出干喷湿法静电纺丝主要适用于不易挥发性溶剂;干喷湿法静电纺丝应进一步改进静电纺丝收集方法或设备,控制适宜的工艺参数,可得到纳米纤维。同时,要加强产业化方面的研发工作。     

静电纺丝制备中空纳米纤维/纳米管研究进展

介绍了静电纺丝的制备原理和制备中空纳米纤维/纳米管的方法,简述了静电纺丝制备中空纳米纤维/纳米管的影响因素;对目前静电纺丝制备中空纳米纤维/纳米管的研究进展情况进行阐述,并对其在光催化、传感器和电池方面的应用加以介绍。     

静电纺丝法制备聚合物功能纤维的研究进展

静电纺丝是一种可以直接、连续制备聚合物纳米纤维的新方法。通过静电纺丝法制备的直径在几纳米到几百纳米的纤维在很多领域都有潜在的应用。简单介绍了静电纺丝的原理、发展以及在各领域的应用前景,综述了静电纺丝纤维作为功能材料在吸附过滤、导电导热和保温隔热等方面的应用,并对静电纺丝技术在制备聚合物纳米纤维功能材料方面的发展前景作出了展望。     

静电纺丝技术及其在水处理中的应用

根据静电纺丝采用的聚合物原料的类型、静电纺丝制备的纳米纤维的特殊结构的种类、制备有序排列的纳米纤维的方法以及制备三维结构纳米纤维的进展4方面对静电纺丝技术进行了叙述,归纳了静电纺丝技术在水处理中微粒物质的、重金属污染物的去除和污染物检测方面的应用.认为目前限制静电纺丝技术发展有2个主要问题,即没有明确的理论指导,一些原理尚未搞清;制备的纳米纤维产量低下,难以工程化、规模化.     

静电纺丝制备聚丙烯腈纳米碳纤维

利用静电纺丝制备连续的聚丙烯腈纳米碳纤维;介绍了静电纺丝的原理、影响静电纺丝的主要因素以及制备纳米碳纤维、纳米活性炭纤维、纳米碳纤维复合材料的方法和原理;分析了静电纺丝产率低,难以得到单向平铺的纤维等问题,影响静电纺丝的参数主要有溶液特性、纺丝工艺参数、纺丝环境参数。由静电纺丝得到纳米聚丙烯腈纤维,然后再经预氧化和碳化制备纳米碳纤维,或把纳米纤维预氧化,经活化、碳化制备纳米活性炭纤维。并指出纳米碳纤维具有巨大的潜在应用空间。     

静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的进展及应用

简述了静电纺丝的制备原理和影响静电纺丝纤维成形的主要工艺因素;介绍了静电纺丝法制备高分子聚合物、生物大分子、无机物纳米纤维的最新进展,以及这些纳米纤维在过滤、传感器、超疏水性材料、生物医用功能材料、纳米模板等领域的应用;指出静电纺丝制备纳米连续长丝技术亟待发展。     

静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的研究进展

纳米纤维具有直径小、比表面积大和易于实现表面功能化等优点,受到了广泛的关注,而静电纺丝技术被认为是制备聚合物纳米纤维最简单有效的方法,因此国内外学者对静电纺丝技术进行了详细的研究。简单介绍了静电纺丝技术的工作原理,详细阐述了影响静电纺丝的主要工艺参数,包括溶剂、溶液的浓度及黏度、电导率、工作电压、纺丝速度和接收距离等,并叙述了静电纺丝纳米纤维在过滤材料、传感器和生物医学等方面的应用,也指出了该技术存在的一些问题及其应对措施。     

静电纺纳米纤维的研究及应用进展

简述了静电纺丝基本原理及纺丝过程中射流存在的几种不稳定性形式;探讨了静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的主要影响因素。回顾了静电纺丝的发展历程,介绍了纳米纤维在电子器件、生物医学领域、滤材、防护服用材料纤维增强复合材料及传感器感知膜等方面的应用。指出静电纺纳米纤维性能优异、应用广泛,应用于生物医学领域是研发热点,必将进一步产业化。     

Structure and process relationship of electrospun bioabsorbable nanofiber membranes

An electrospinning method was used to fabricate bioabsorbable amorphous poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PDLA) and semi-crystalline poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofiber non-woven membranes for biomedical applications. The structure and morphology of electrospun membranes were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and synchrotron wide-angle X-ray diffraction/small angle X-ray scattering. SEM images showed that the fiber diameter and the nanostructured morphology depended on processing parameters such as solution viscosity (e.g. concentration and polymer molecular weight), applied electric field strength, solution feeding rate and ionic salt addition. The combination of different materials and processing parameters could be used to fabricate bead-free nanofiber non-woven membranes. Concentration and salt addition were found to have relatively larger effects on the fiber diameter than the other parameters. DSC and X-ray results indicated that the electrospun PLLA nanofibers were completely non-crystalline but had highly oriented chains and a lower glass transition temperature than the cast film.     

Shear-aided high-throughput electrospinning: A needleless method with enhanced jet formation

In this article, we introduce a novel high productivity electrospinning setup for scaling up the classical method. We propose a new spinneret concept, which allows the shearing of the polymer solution prior to electrospinning. Most of the solutions used in electrospinning are shear-thinning, that is, as they are sheared, they show smaller resistance against the deformations caused by the electrostatic field. Therefore, enhanced Taylor-cone formation can be achieved, and it also gives a hand in controlling the nanofiber morphology easily, even during operation. In this study, we investigated the influence of shearing on the electrospinning process and the fiber morphology. When shearing was applied by rotation, the operation became more stable and the fiber morphology improved. Multiple jets were observed along the circular edges of the spinneret, also became thinner as an effect of the shearing rotation. The average diameter of the electrospun nanofibers was decreased by 18% with rotation speed applied, compared to those of the nonrotating condition (0 rpm). Besides that, we found that the electrospun nanofiber diameter distribution was significantly different for the various rotation speeds for which we found an applicable explanation with the aid of high-speed camera recordings.     

Conductive chitosan/multi walled carbon nanotubes electrospun nanofiber feasibility

The current study focuses on the electrospinning of chitosan (CHT)/multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) composite nanofiber using a highly stable dispersion. The acetic acid (1–100%) and trifluoroacetic acid/dichloromethane (TFA/DCM 70: 30) was tested as solvent, and the TFA/DCM (70 : 30) is most preferred for fiber formation process with acceptable electrospinnability. Moreover, a new protocol was used to establish proper technique for preparation of electrospinning solution. FT-IR spectroscopy utilized to infer the extent of interaction between CHT polymer chain and MWNT filaments. A quite simple technique was employed to show the stability of electrospinning solution before nanofiber formation process. Scanning electronic microscope (SEM) was employed to show the influence of spinning parameters on surface morphology of electrospun fiber. Under optimized condition, homogeneous and beadfree CHT/MWNTs nanofibers and known physical characteristics were prepared. The formation of conducting nanofibers based on CHT nanocomposites can be considered as a significant improvement in electrospinning of CHT/CNT dispersion. The direct outcome of the current study includes the homogeneous CHT/MWNTs nanofibers with an average diameter of 275 nm and a conductivity of 9×10⁻⁵ S/cm. These results are extremely important for further investigation regarding biomedical applications.     

Effect of air blowing on the morphology and nanofiber properties of blowing‐assisted electrospun polycarbonates

Polycarbonate (PC) nanofibers are prepared using the air blowing‐assisted electrospinning process. The effects of air blowing pressure and PC solution concentration on the physical properties of fibers and the filtration performance of the nanofiber web are investigated. The air blowing‐assisted electrospinning process produces fewer beads and smaller nanofiber diameters compared with those obtained without air blowing. Uniform PC nanofibers with an average fiber diameter of about 0.170 μm are obtained using an applied voltage of 40 kV, an air blowing pressure of 0.3 MPa, a PC solution concentration of 16%, and a tip‐to‐collection‐screen distance (TCD) of 25 cm. The filtration efficiency improvement of the air blowing‐assisted electrospun web can be attributed to the narrow distribution of fiber diameter and small mean flow pore size of the electrospun web. Performance results show that the air blowing‐assisted electrospinning process can be applied to produce PC nanofiber mats with high‐quality filtration. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Use of electrospinning technique for biomedical applications

The electrospinning technique provides non-wovens to the order of few nanometers with large surface areas, ease of functionalisation for various purposes and superior mechanical properties. Also, the possibility of large scale productions combined with the simplicity of the process makes this technique very attractive for many different applications. Biomedical field is one of the important application areas among others utilising the technique of electrospinning like filtration and protective material, electrical and optical applications, sensors, nanofiber reinforced composites etc. Electrospinning assembly can be modified in different ways for combining materials properties with different morphological structures for these applications. The importance of electrospinning, in general, for biomedical applications like tissue engineering drug release, wound dressing, enzyme immobilization etc. is highlighted in this feature article. The focus is also on the types of materials that have been electrospun and the modifications that have been carried out in conventional electrospinning apparatus keeping in view the specific needs for various biomedical applications.