木质素接枝改性共聚物的制备及分散性能研究

摘要：以过硫酸铵为引发剂,亚硫酸氢钠为链转移剂,木质素磺酸钠(SL)、丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、烯丙基聚乙二醇（APEG）为单体合成共聚物SL-AA-MA-APEG。考察了不同工艺条件下SL-AA-MA-APEG对水性油墨颜料分散性能的影响。SL-AA-MA-APEG最优工艺条件为：m(SL):m(AA):m(AM):m(APEG)=1:4:4:1;过硫酸铵用量为单体总质量的3.5%;反应温度为90 oC;反应时间为4.5h。通过FTIR证明木质素成功接枝改性。Zeta电位/纳米粒度、紫外、SEM和流变分析,对SL-AA-MA-APEG的分散性能进行测定,结果表明,SL-AA-MA-APEG用量为颜料质量的2.5%时,对水性油墨颜料的分散效果最好,粒径最小为190.1nm。且与市售分散剂WP-A10相比具有较好的分散效果。     

丙烯酸-丙烯酸丁酯-丙烯酰胺三元共聚物分散剂的制备与分散性能

以丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为主单体,与功能单体丙烯酰胺(AM)进行共聚,合成了一系列三元共聚物分散剂,主要研究了链转移剂、引发剂和AM的用量对共聚物粘度的影响,并考察了链转移剂、AM、共聚物分散剂、偶联剂用量、纳米TiO2浓度、pH值等因素对纳米TiO2颜料水性分散体系稳定性的影响。结果表明,随着AM的用量增加,共聚物分散剂对纳米TiO2的分散效果逐渐增强;当n(AM)∶n(BA)∶n(AA)=0.09∶1∶1.5,引发剂(BPO)用量为单体总量的1.2%,链转移剂为单体总量的4%时,所制得AA-BA-AM三元共聚物分散剂的粘度为150 mPa.s,对纳米TiO2颗粒的分散效果最佳;且其优化分散条件为:合成分散剂用量16%,偶联剂用量3%,纳米TiO2水溶液浓度3%,pH值10。     

烯丙醇聚氧乙烯醚-马来酸酐型聚羧酸减水剂的合成工艺研究

以烯丙醇聚氧乙烯醚(APEG)、马来酸酐(MAH)、丙烯酸(AA)为主要单体,过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,甲基丙烯磺酸钠(SMAS)为链转移剂,共聚合成烯丙醇聚氧乙烯醚-马来酸酐型聚羧酸减水剂。通过正交试验,得到最佳合成工艺为:酸醚比n(AA)∶n(APEG)=3.5∶1,MAH与APEG摩尔比n(MAH)∶n(APEG)=1.25∶1,链转移剂用量m(SMAS)∶m(APEG)=2.0%,引发剂用量为m(APS)∶m(APEG)=1.0%,反应温度为80℃。混凝土测试结果表明,与同类产品相比,合成的聚羧酸减水剂掺量低,分散性好,坍落度损失小,抗压强度高,具有广泛的应用前景。     

共聚物分散剂对氧化铁红颜料的分散作用

以顺丁烯二酸酐(MA)、丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为单体,经自由基聚合反应得到MA–AA–BA共聚物分散剂。添加不同量分散剂于氧化铁红颜料悬浮液中,发现粉体分散性得到明显改善。考察了单体摩尔比、引发剂用量、链转移剂用量、反应时间和反应温度等因素对其分散性能的影响,优化合成工艺条件。结果表明:当n(MA):n(AA):n(BA)摩尔比为2:1:0.25,反应温度为85℃,引发剂过硫酸铵用量为8%,链转移剂异丙醇用量为20%时,合成的共聚物对氧化铁红颜料的分散性能最佳。并将聚合物分散剂应用于人造彩砂中,发现彩砂耐磨性有一定的提高。     

低磷膦磺酸阻垢分散剂ZHCD-05的合成研究

以水为溶剂,丙烯酸(AA)、马来酸酐(MAn)、烯丙基磺酸钠(SAS)和次磷酸钠为单体,过硫酸铵为引发剂,合成了一种集膦酰基、羧基和磺酸基于一体,低磷含量,综合性能良好的膦磺酸阻垢分散剂ZHCD-05.考察了产品综合性能与单体配比、引发剂用量、反应温度及反应时间的关系,得出了合成此共聚物的最佳工艺条件:m(MAn)∶m(AA)∶m(SAS)=1∶0.2∶0.5,NaH2PO2质量分数为8%,过硫酸铵质量分数为5.5%,反应温度为80～85℃,反应时间4 h.     

抗温抗盐凝胶堵水剂的研制及评价

以丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸钠(SAMPS)为原料,过硫酸铵为引发剂,通过水溶液聚合制备了凝胶堵水剂。利用单因素试验考察了单体用量、单体配比、引发剂用量、聚合温度等对堵水效果的影响,确定了最佳制备条件:单体用量15%,单体配比为n_(AM)∶n_(SAMPS)∶n_(AA)=2∶1∶1,引发剂用量为1.7%,聚合反应温度为50℃。该凝胶堵水剂抗温抗盐性能良好。     

聚丙烯酸-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸二甲胺乙酯共聚物水性颜料分散剂的合成及应用

以丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)和甲基丙烯酸二甲胺乙酯(DM)为单体,合成了AA-BA-DM三元共聚物分散剂,研究了其对二氧化钛颜料的分散效果;讨论了分散剂黏度、分散剂用量对颜料分散体系的影响;同时考察了该共聚物分散剂对不同颜料的分散稳定性。结果表明,当n(AA):n(BA):n(DM)=1.25:1:0.15,引发剂占单体总质量的1%,链转移剂占单体总质量的4%,为聚合物分散剂的最佳合成条件,所得共聚物分散剂对二氧化钛分散效果最佳,分散力达97.5%,且分散剂的用量占颜料总质量的0.80%时分散效果较好。通过对酞菁绿、二氧化钛及铬红分散效果的考察,该分散剂对颜料酞菁绿的分散效果最好,二氧化钛次之,对铬红的分散效果较差。     

MA-AM-AA三元共聚物的制备及阻垢性能

以马来酸酐(MA)、丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料,研制出环保型三元共聚阻垢剂PMAA,并通过研究其阻垢性能确定了产品的最佳工艺配方。实验结果表明,当单体的质量配比m(AA)∶m(AM)∶m(MA)=2∶3∶0·5,引发剂用量为单体总质量的1.5%,反应温度为80℃,单体质量分数为15%时,得到的聚合物PMAA的用量为5mg/L时,用国标法测得其对碳酸钙的阻垢率达94·15%,对磷酸钙的阻垢率达80·93%。     

VAc/BA/AA共聚乳液胶粘剂的制备与性能研究

以醋酸乙烯酯(VAc)为原料、丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为改性单体、过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂、辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)和烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚琥珀酸酯磺酸钠(MS-1)为新型乳化剂体系,采用半连续种子乳液聚合法制备了VAc/BA/AA共聚乳液胶粘剂。研究了引发剂用量、乳化剂配比及用量、单体及种子单体用量对乳液性能的影响,并采用FT-IR对其结构进行表征。研究结果表明,当m(VAc)∶m(BA)∶m(AA)∶m(APS)∶m(OP-10)∶m(MS-1)=83∶14∶3∶0.4∶1.25∶0.25、w(种子单体)=17%(相对于总单体而言)时,乳液的综合性能最佳。     

水溶性超高分子量聚丙烯酰胺/丙烯酸的研制及竞聚

以丙烯酰胺(AM)和丙烯酸(AA)为原料,采用水溶液自由基共聚法制备超高分子量聚丙烯酰胺/丙烯酸(PAM/AA)共聚物。由正交实验研究了单体浓度、引发剂用量、助剂尿素用量、单体配比、反应温度对聚合物相对分子质量的影响。结果表明,最佳条件为:m(AM)∶m(H2O)=30%,m(AM)∶m(AA)=3,m(I)∶m(AM)=0.3%,m(尿素)∶m(AM)=0.3%,温度20℃,在此条件下,产物分子量高达5 120万,AM和AA的竞聚率为r AM=0.684、r AA=0.278,其中单体残余量由紫外分光光度法测得。     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

医药和农药纳米剂型研究和应用

系统介绍了医药和农药纳米剂型研究进展和应用前景。医药微乳剂和纳米悬浮剂可显著改善药物的悬浮性和分散性,提高生物利用度。载药纳米微粒具有缓释功能,延长药物在体内的半衰期,并可实现药物的靶向定位给药。农药微乳剂具有增溶和渗透作用,提高农药的传递效率和使用安全性。农药纳米悬浮剂和载药纳米粒均可显著提高药效。纳米技术为医药和农药剂型的研究提供了新机遇,具有广阔的应用前景。     

责任和责任心的涵义与结构

责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体.     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺的合成及应用

用复合引发体系(过硫酸盐-偶氮类引发剂)和脂肪胺类氧化还原体系引发,在实验室获得了单体转化率≥98%,特性粘数高于13.6 dL/g的阳离子共聚物PDA,探讨了控制聚合物分子量的影响因素.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.