矿物掺合料对陶瓷粗骨料混凝土性能的影响

试验研究了不同掺量的粉煤灰和硅粉对陶瓷粗骨料混凝土性能的影响.结果表明:随着粉煤灰掺量的增加,陶瓷粗骨料混凝土的抗压强度逐渐降低,但其劈裂抗拉强度逐渐增大,抗水渗透性能提高.复掺硅粉后,陶瓷粗骨料混凝土的抗压强度、抗水渗透能力及炻质粗骨料混凝土的抗拉强度均显著提高,而瓷质粗骨料混凝土的抗拉强度提高幅度较小.     

陶瓷抛光砖粉对混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的影响

以陶瓷抛光砖粉为混凝土掺合料,采用膨胀珍珠岩作活性集料,测试陶瓷抛光砖粉对碱集料反应的影响;利用电通量法测定标准养护28 d混凝土的电通量值,采用硝酸银显色法分别测定标准养护28 d水泥胶砂经10次、20次干湿循环后氯离子渗透深度,通过压汞法、SEM等测试手段分析掺陶瓷抛光砖粉水泥硬化浆体的显微结构,研究陶瓷抛光砖粉作掺合料对混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的影响,并将之与粉煤灰对比.结果表明:混凝土电通量测试结果与水泥胶砂硝酸银显色法的测试结果之间具有较好相关性.陶瓷抛光砖粉作混凝土掺合料,能发挥其二次水化作用及对水泥硬化浆体孔结构的细化作用,增强混凝土抗氯离子渗透能力,抑制碱骨料反应.在相同掺量条件下,单掺抛光砖粉混凝土抗氯离子渗透能力优于掺试验用Ⅱ级粉煤灰混凝土.与单掺抛光砖粉相比,复掺抛光砖粉与粉煤灰,其后期抗氯离子能力较强.抛光砖粉与矿渣复掺效果优于抛光粉与粉煤灰复掺;随矿渣掺量的增加,混凝土抗氯离子渗透能力增加.     

粉煤灰对轻骨料自密实混凝土性能的影响

粉煤灰对轻骨料混凝土的自密实性能有明显影响,试验表明:粉煤灰掺量为30%时,工作性良好,28d抗压强度可达56.8MPa;粉煤灰的掺入能够有效降低混凝土的电通量,提高混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能,当掺量为30%时,轻骨料自密实混凝土的电通量可低至294C。     

矿物掺合料对低水胶比混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的影响

采用ASTM C1202-97方法测定混凝土氯离子电通量及渗透等级,主要研究了矿渣、粉煤灰、偏高岭土在单掺及不同比例复掺时对低水胶比混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的影响.实验结果表明:矿物掺合料能有效改善低水胶比混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能.粉煤灰与矿渣复掺时,随着矿渣所占比例增加,混凝土氯离子渗透等级逐渐降低.水胶比为0.38,偏高岭土与矿渣复掺时随着偏高岭土所占比例增大,混凝土氯离子电通量先降低后增加,与基准组相比较,掺入比例为1∶1时其28 d氯离子电通量降低了93％.偏高岭土与矿渣复掺能有效改善混凝土的孔隙结构,孔径趋于细化,提高了混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能.     

改性混凝土试验及性能研究

针对废弃混凝土中的再生骨料表面附着大量残留的水泥浆,以及新老砂浆之间缝隙过大,进而导致再生混凝土的耐久性能出现问题,结合粉煤灰的特点,提出对再生骨料进行改性处理,在混凝土中掺入一定量的粉煤灰,从而填充再生骨料存在的缝隙过大的问题。最后,利用电通等试验方法对改性混凝土试件的抗氯离子渗透性能进行测试,并通过实验结果表明粉煤灰可改善再生混凝土结果,提高抗渗透性能,并当掺量在28%时,抗氯离子渗透性能最佳。     

粉煤灰混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的试验研究

研究了粉煤灰掺量、细度和水胶比对粉煤灰混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的影响.结果表明:掺入粉煤灰,可显著改善混凝土早期抗氯离子渗透性能,其抗氯离子渗透性能随水胶比的减小而提高.     

掺合料对自燃煤矸石砂轻混凝土抗渗和抗冻影响

自燃煤矸石粗骨料在表面质构和强度等方面,与天然碎石存在较大差异,特别是多孔、吸水,使其作为粗骨料配制的混凝土耐久性受到工程界质疑.采用正交试验,研究硅灰、粉煤灰等复掺对自燃煤矸石砂轻混凝土抗氯离子渗透和抗冻性能的影响.结果表明:硅灰掺量对自燃煤矸石砂轻混凝土抗氯离子渗透影响非常显著、对抗冻性能影响不明显,粉煤灰掺量对自燃煤矸石砂轻混凝土抗冻性能影响非常显著、对抗氯离子渗透影响不明显;扫描电镜表征,硅灰、粉煤灰以及矿渣复掺的综合效应,使混凝土结构密实、火山灰反应更加充分,Ca(OH)2含量降低,但冻后出现针状钙矾石.     

碳化作用对混凝土强度及氯离子渗透性能的影响

试验研究了CO2对粉煤灰混凝土28d抗压强度和氯离子渗透性能的影响。结果表明：碳化作用提高了粉煤灰混凝土28d抗压强度,但随着粉煤灰掺量的增加,混凝土28d抗压强度逐渐减小;在标准养护条件下,粉煤灰对混凝土抗氯离子渗透性有改善作用,而碳化作用使混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能明显降低,且此时粉煤灰的掺人更加增强了对混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的不利影响。     

蒸养混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的试验研究

采用德国Aachen工业大学建筑材料研究所的氯离子电迁移快速试验方法(RCM)测定蒸养混凝土中氯离子非稳定态快速迁移的扩散系数,研究了粉煤灰掺量和水胶比对蒸养混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的影响.试验结果表明:蒸养混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能低于相应标养混凝土,掺入粉煤灰后,可以显著改善蒸养混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能;混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能随水胶比的减小而提高.     

钢渣作为混凝土掺合料的可行性研究

适量掺加矿物掺合料可以降低混凝土结构的孔隙率,提高水化产物的致密性,有效降低氯离子的渗透性,提高混凝土的使用寿命.本文主要研究了钢渣作为掺合料单掺或复掺对混凝土Cl-渗透性能及力学性能的影响,并分析探讨了其影响机理.结果表明:一定量的钢渣和粉煤灰复掺可以较好的提高混凝土抗压强度;随着钢渣掺量的增加,混凝土坍落度降低,抗氯离子渗透性能逐渐下降;钢渣与粉煤灰复掺时,混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能增加;大掺量(钢渣、粉煤灰掺量50％)掺合料可以提高混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.